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2022届高考英语二轮复习冠词用法冠词
1、冠词的定义
2、冠词的分类
3、冠词的基本用法
1、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在
2、冠词的分类定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article零冠词zero article
3、冠词的基本用法1不定冠词的用法2定冠词的用法3零冠词的用法1不定冠词a/an的用法
①a用在辅音指的是音标不是指字母开头的词前4球类、棋类运动,一日三餐、学科、语言的名词前play football,play chesshave supper/dinner/lunch studyEnglish/physics注意a beautifulfootball have a nicesupper theJapanese language⑸季节、月份、星期、节日的名词前零冠词in summer/spring inMay/October NewYear sDay Mid-autumn Day但the SpringFestival theMid-autumn Festival⑹前面已有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词修饰,零冠词His houseis verybig.This gardenis newlybuilt.Each memberhas aputer.⑺表示“按……销售/计算/付报酬”时,抽象名词前不用冠词,但具体的单位前用定冠词by1ength/1ime/we ight/size by the meter,by thehour by the kilo,by the dozen⑻有无冠词,短语意思不同go toschool go to theschool atsea atthe seaout ofquestion outof thequestion上学到学校去出海,在海上在海边毫无疑问不可能,办不到by day by thedaybysea by the seain placeof in the placeof在白天按天计算乘船在海边,海滨代替在...的地方be incharge ofbe in the chargeof fourof usthe fourof us负责由...负责我们中的四人我们四人9固定词组day andnight dayafter dayhand inhand bodyand soul身心from doorto door挨家挨户at noon/night incase ofcatch sightof看见an用在以元音开头的词前a universityan umbrellaa Europeanan examplea one-act playan hour
②表示某物的单位,相当于every或per,表示“每一”Take thismedicine threetimes aday.The caris runningat aspeed of80kilometers anhour.
③表示某一类人或事物,相当于any Aknife is a toolfor cuttingwith.A horseis ananimal.
④泛指某一个人或事物的一个,相当于a certain/a some,“某一个“A boyis sittingon thefloor.A MrLi iswaiting foryou.
⑤不定冠词用于抽象名词前,使抽象名词具体化,表示具体介绍是什么样的人,是什么样的事物*What agreat surpriseyou gaveme.*The littlegirl is a joyto herparents.
⑥“a/an+序数词”,表示“又一,再一”Would youlike a second cupof tea Can yougive measecondchance,please
⑦用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节前I hada wonderfulbreakfast thismorning.
⑧不定冠词用于形容词最高级前,表示“很,非常”It isa mostuseful took这是一件很有用的工具
⑨不定冠词用在副词too,so,as,how加形容词后,修饰名词so/as/too/how howevera/an+单数名词adj.+This istoo difficulta problemfor me.She isso clevera girlthat all of uslike her.⑩用在what后,修饰名词What a/an+n.What a beautiful girl!How beautifula girl!11用于某些固定短语中have acold/fever havea goodtime in a hurrytell alie dosb.a favor帮忙at aloss不知所措for awhile oncein awhile偶尔,间或allofa sudden突然haveawalk/rest/talk/look agood many许多2)定冠词the的用法⑴表示上文提到的人或物,或表示说话人双方都知道的人或物Close thewindow,please!I boughta bookyesterday.The bookis veryinteresting.⑵定冠词用于世界上独一无二的人或事物前、表示方位或发明物等的名词前the sun,the moon,the earththe sky,the world,the westthe northAlexander GrahamBell inventedthe telephonein
1、“定冠词+单数可数名词”可表示特指,用特指的那一事物代表一类事物Galileo inventedthe telescopethat year.(望远镜这一类发明物)总结三种表示类别的情况
2、“不定冠词+单数可数名词”可表示泛指,用泛指的任意一个所具有的特征、特性表示一类事物A dogisafaithful animal.狗是忠诚的朋友总结三种表示类别的情况
3、用可数名词的复数或用不可数名词来表示一类事物Horses arebigger thanpigs.Iron ischeaper thangold.⑫用于普通名词构成的专有名词前,以及江河湖海、山川、群岛等名词前the UnitedNations联合国the MiddleAges中世纪the Himalayas喜马拉雅山the SuezCanal苏伊士运河the Pacific太平洋the YangtzeRiver长江the GreatWall长城the SummerPalace颐和园⑬用在句型“动词+人+介词+the+人体某部位”,表示“抓/拍某人某部位“*take sb.bythearm/hand抓住某人的臂/手*Pat sb.on theshoulder拍肩*strike sb.intheface打脸*hit sb.on thehead打头⑭用在一些固定搭配inthemorning/afternoon inthe endon thewhole总之gotothe cinemaall theyear roundbytheway forthe timebeing暂时intheway挡道on theother hand3)零冠词的用法⑴不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词Horses arebigger thanpigs.Iron ischeaper thangold.但抽象名词具体化时,要用冠词⑵称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语、主语补足语、同位语时,零冠词*Mr Bush,president ofUSA,will visitJapan nextmonth.*We madeJack monitor.*What swrong withyou,Uncle the/Do youknow thatchairman ofthe meetinghas announcedthe younglady hasbeen mademanager ofthis factory⑶“by+交通工具”,零冠词by car/bike/bus/boat/plane onfoot但inacar/boat ona bike/bus takea bus。