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一般将来时标志will/shall+动词原形
1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用e.g.tomorrow,next week,in thefuture等如We shallhave alot ofrain next month.My husbandwill comeback ina fewdays.
2.表示倾向性和习惯性Fish willdie withoutwater.When it gets warmer,the snowwill startto melt.
3.一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析1will/shall+动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情将会如何*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称2be going to+动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事It isgoing torain.We aregoing tohave ameeting today.3be to+动词原形表示按计划或安排即1各要发生的动作He isto visitJapan nextyear.We areto discussthe reporton Monday.4be about to+动词原形表示即将发生的动作,意为马上要做某事,后面一般不跟时间状语,如The planeis about to start.Don tworry.I amabout tomake aclose examinationon you.一般过去时标志动词过去式情况变形方法嵋一般情况+ed worK—worked不发音e结尾+d live—lived辅苜字母+y结尾变y为i+ed carry-carried study—studied supply—supplied重读闭音吊结尾且结尾只有一双与最后的辅苜字母+ed个辅音字母plan-planned stop-stopped prefer_preferred regret-regretted特殊情况不规则flee—fled fly—flew run-ran break—broke*闭音节元音字母a,e,i,,u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节
1.表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g.yesterday,this morning,just now,a momentago,in May,last night/year/week,once upona time,the otherday,before…,when…,in thepast等)如Jim rangyou justnow.Liu Yingwas inAmerica last year.
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used todo表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常如When I was akid,I oftenplayed footballin thestreet.She used to visither motheronce aweek.*注意区分sb.usedtodo sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb.be usedto sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词)
3.代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want,hope,wonder,think,intend等)及情态动词could,wouldo如:I wonderedif you could havea wordwith me.I hopedyoucouldhelp mewith myEnglish.Would youmind mysitting here
4.虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态常用句型有It istime thatsb.did sth.〃某人该做某事了〃would rathersb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事〃一般现在时标志动词原形情况变形方法例词清辅音后读/S/浊swim-swims help-一般情况+S辅音和元音后读helps like-likes口辅音字母+结尾+es读/Z/go-goes do-does watch-watches s/sh/ch/x等结尾+es读/iz/wash-washes辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+es读⑵study-studies变have为has变have-has be-特殊情况have和be动词be为am/is/are am/is/are
1.表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:She oftenspeaks English.I leavehome forschool at7every morning.
2.表示现在的状态.特征.职业.能力、感觉等:He seemsto feela bitdown today.He worksas adriver.
3.表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中Shanghai liesin theeast ofChina.Columbus provedthat theearth isround.Where there is awill,thereisa way.
4.表示现在瞬间的动作Here comesthe bus!
5.表示将来1)表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用常见的用法是飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况如The nexttrain leavesat3o clockthis afternoon.How oftendoes theshuttle busrun2)在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情When Billcomes(不用will come),ask himto waitfor me.I shallgo theretomorrow unlessr mtoo busy.现在进行时标志be+动词的现在分词
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作She iswriting aletter upstairs.Who areyou waitingfor It is raininghard.
2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行)I hearMr.Green iswriting anothernovel.
3.表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always,constantly,continually,forever等频度副词连用如John isforever askingsilly questionslike astupid.He isalways thinkingof othersfirst.
4.表示将来1表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词如go,come,leave,start,arrive等o如Uncle Wangis coming.Theyre leaving for Beijing.2在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情如Please dropin whenyou arepassing myway.If heis stillsleeping,don1t wakehim up.过去进行时标志was/were+动词的现在分词
1.表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the wholemorning,all dayyesterday,from Januaryto Marchlastyear等如Iwashaving atalk withLucy atthat time.They werewatching TVat homelast night
2.表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪通常与always,constantly,continually,forever等频度副词连用如My brotherwas alwayslosing hiskeys.
3.表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词如go,come,leave,start,arrive等如He saidthey wereleavingforBeijing thisafternoon.
4.过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生Granny fellasleep whenshe wasreading.It wasraining when they left the station.现在完成时标志have/has+动词的过去分词
1.表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示〃已完成〃)如He hasleftthecity.(结果他目前不在这个城市)Someone hasbroken thewindow.(结果:窗户破了)
2.表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示未完成)I have been busysince last week.He hastaught inour schoolfor30years.r vefinished halfso far.注意瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以如She hasn t seenyou for ages.His fatherhasnttouched beerforawhole week.
3.表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always,often,every day等连用如I haveoften heardthat heis thecleverest personin thatcompany.
4.在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作如F IIgo toyour homewhen I have finishedmy homework.If ithas stoppedsnowing in the morning,we IIgo thepark.
5.与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just,already,yet,before,never,everz recently等,但常见的有1)since自从I havebeen theremany timessince thewar.We haven,t seeneach othersince lastweek.We havebeen friendsever since.2)in/for/during thepast/last...years在过去/最近…中r vebeen illfor thepast threeweeks.Great changeshave takeplace inthe lastten years.I havebeen here(for)the last/past month.3)so far到目前为止We haven,t hadany troubleso far.So farthe searchfor themissing middle-aged womanhas beenfruitless.4)up to/until now到现在为止Up tonow hes beenquiet.Up tonow,the workhas beeneasy.I haveheard nothingfrom himup tillnow.Up tillnow wehave plantedover2000trees.5)It is/will be the first/second...time that...这是第一/二…次…It sthe first time that r vebeen here.It willbethefirsttime thatr ve spokenin public.Itisthe secondtimethat Ihavemet himtoday.6)This is+形容词最高级+that...这是最…This isthe bestfilm thatrveever seen.过去完成时标志had+动词的过去分词
1.表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态如By theend oflastweekhe hadfinished thework.He hadleft whenI arrived.
2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态如We hadnot seeneach othersince Ileft Beijing.The filmhad beenon for5minutes whenI gotto thecinema.
3.某些表意向的动词如intend,think,plan,expect,hope等的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算如I hadintended tovisit youlast night,but someonecalled and I couldntgetaway.We hadhoped thatyou wouldcome,but youdidn t.
4.虚拟语气在条件状体从句或wish/would rather等后面的从句中,使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望如The partywouldn thavebeenso perfectif youhadn1t come.I wishI hadgone withyou tothe concertthat day.
5.过去完成时与一般过去时1基本区别过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时强调过去的过去,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态如He studied there two years ago,他两年前在那儿学习(离现在两年)He saidhe hadstudiedtheretwoyearsbefore•他说他两年前在那儿学习过(离他说话时两年)2)特别注意两个动作如果按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或者用then,and,but等连词连接时,多用一般过去时如When shesaw themouse,she screamed.My auntgave mea hatandIlost it.过去将来时标志would+动词原形
1.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中如He saidhe wouldcome herenext Friday.I knewthat he would helpus whenwe werein trouble.
2.表示过去的动作习惯或倾向The oldman wouldsit ona benchinthequite parkfor hourswithout doinganything.When Iworked onthat farm,I wouldget upat5am.
3.用于虚拟语气中If Iwere youzI wouldnot dothat.If hewere here,hewouldshow ushow todo it
4.过去将来时的其他形式1)was/were goingto+动词原形如He toldus thathe was goingtoattend themeeting.She saidthatIwasgoingto besent tomeet herat therailway station.2)was/were to+动词原形如The buildingwas tobe completednextmonth.Li Leiwas toarrive soon.3)was/were aboutto+动词原形如We wereabouttoleave therewhen itbegan torain heavilyand suddenly.He wasabouttohave lunchwhenthebell rang.。