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《安全工程专业英语》课程教学大纲课程英文名称English forSafety Engineering课程编号133990120课程类别专业课课程性质选修课学分2学时32适用专业安全工程开课部门环境与资源学院
一、课程教学目的和课程性质本课程是安全工程专业的一门专业课程通过本课程的学习,使学生了解科技英语的特点,学习和掌握一定量的安全工程专业词汇,初步掌握科技英语的翻译技巧,提高和扩展英语阅读和写作能力,具备独立写好毕业设计或毕业论文英文摘要的能力
二、本课程与相关课程的关系先修大学英语安全学原理、安全工程学安全系统工程、安全评价
三、课程的主要内容及基本要求Unit OneSafety Management Systems(2学时)[知识点]Accident CausationModels;Safety Management;Safety Policyand Planning;Translation skill(科技文章的特点
1.大量使用名词化结构;
2.广泛使用被动句;
3.非限定动词;
4.后置定语;
5.长句)[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长难句翻译,了解安全管理系统[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记安全术语安全管理;事故致因;不安全行为;不安全状态;企业安全文化;安全的工作环境
2、领会科技文章特点,大量使用名词化结构及被动语句
3、简单应用翻译时被动语句的使用
4、综合应用长难句翻译(l)One comprehensivedefinition foran organizational culture has been presentedby Scheinwho hassaid thatorganizationalcultureis“a patternof basicor wheneverthe jobcannot becompleted the same day.Unit ElevenMachinery EquipmentSafety2学时[知识点]How toReduce theRisk;The PrecautionMeans inPractice.Translation skill定语从句及同位语从句的译法[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握机器设备安全的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记工作设备;飞屑;作业平台;自动保护装置;互锁保护装置;日常维护
2、领会科技文章中的定语从句及同位语从句
3、简单应用定语从句及同位语从句的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译lWork equipment”is almostany equipmentused by a workerat workincluding:machines such as circularsaws,drilling machines,photocopiers,mowing machines,tractors,dumper trucksand powerpresses;hand tools such asscrewdrivers,knives,hand sawsand meatcleavers;lifting equipmentsuch aslift trucks,elevating workplatforms,vehicle hoists,lifting slingsand bathlifts;other equipmentsuch asladders andwater pressurecleaners.2This willensure that the machinecannot startbefore theguard isclosed andwill stopif theguard is opened whilethe machineis operating;in somecases,e.g.on guillotines,devices such as photoelectricsystems orautomatic guardsmay be used insteadof fixedor interlockedguards;check thatguards areconvenient touse andnot easyto defeat,otherwise theymay needmodifying;make surethe guardsallow themachine to be cleanedand maintainedsafely;where guardscannot givefull protection,use jigs,holders,push sticksetc tomove theworkpiece.3Many accidentsin the workplace ariseout of the use of machineryand toolsranging fromhand toolsthrough machinetoolssuch as lathesand pressesto largeitems ofmobile mechanicalplant e.g.cranes orfork lifttrucks.4The mainmechanical safetyconsideration formilling machinesis theswarf thatis generatedat thepoint ofoperation.Another safetyconcern isthe toolcutter,which couldcatch operatorsclothing jewelry,hair,or anyother partof thebody.Unit TwelveAccident Analysisin Construction2学时[知识点]Cause of accidental deathin theconstruction industry.Translation skill状语从句的译法[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握建筑安全的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记建筑安全;高空作业;防护围栏;工作流程;建筑事故;升降作业平台
2、领会科技文章中的状语从句
3、简单应用状语从句的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译1There are also forcefulmonetary incentivesin construction safety as it isestimated thatconstruction accidentsamount toabout6per centof totalbuilding costs;this shouldencourage theindustry as well as the regulatoryagencies toinvest inconstructionsafety.2Barriers otherthan guardrails andtoe boardscan beused,so longas theyare atleast910mm high,secure andprovide anequivalent standardof protectionagainst fallsand materialsrolling,or beingkicked,from anyedges.3As well as toeboards orsimilar protectionattheedge of the platform,the platformitself shouldbe constructedto preventany objectwhich may beusedon theplatform fromfalling throughgaps orholes,causing injuryto peopleworking below.4Too oftenhazards arejust seenas aninevitable partof the job,so noaction is taken to control the risks theycreate.5It is also veryhazardous withalmost sixtimes as many fatalitiesand twiceasmanyinjuries perhour workedrelative toa manufacturingindustry.6Many arekilled orinjured bycollapses andfalling materials,some arekilled orinjured whenthey contactburied undergroundservices.7Not knowingthe dangersof confined spaces hasled to the deathsof manyworkers.Unit ThirteenAccident analysisin Mine Industry2学时[知识点]Accident in MineIndustryRock falls;outburst;mine fires;coal dusts;electricity;inrushes of water,gas orother material.Translation skill长句的译法[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握煤矿事故的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记矿山安全;矿井通风;粉尘暴炸;瓦斯突出;瓦斯抽放;透水事故
2、领会科技文章中长句的译法
3、简单应用长句的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译lUnderground coalminesrange frommodern minesusing thelatest remote-controlled equipmentoperated bya small,highly skilledworkforce benefitingfrom continuousmonitoring of all aspectsof workplaceconditions,to minesthat aredug byhand andwhere the coal isextracted andtransported byhand,often inconditions that are unsafeand unhealthy.2Fortunately,significant,sustained improvementsin coalminingoccupational safetyand healthhave beenachieved as a result of newtechnologies,massive capitalinvestment,intensive andcontinuous trainingand changesin attitudesto safetyand healthamong thosein allstages of thecoalchain.3Electrical machines,equipment,lights,power stationsand circuitry,along withdiesel equipment,conveyor beltingfrictional sources,welding,acetylene cuttingand otherproducers offriction,spark orflame usedthroughout amine areignition sourceswhich addthe thirdingredient of the firetriangle.4Several factorshave contributionto occurrencesof rooffalls inunderground coalmines,such asgeological andstress conditions,mine layout,mine environment.5Natural phenomenaof suddengas androck massoutbursts,such asvolcano eruptions,geysers,huge burstsofwatersaturated withCO2,out of the reservoirsin formervolcano cratershave beenknown fora longtime.6Given theconfinedspaceof undergroundmines,which area dark,and at times aharsh environment,with severalpieces ofenergized equipmentand circuitryin closeproximity to workers andwith self-propelled equipmentin motion,the potentialof shockor electrocutionexists.Unit Fourteen Hazardous Chemical and ItsIdentification2学时[知识点]Hazardous Chemical;Identification ofhazardous chemical;Criteria formajor hazardsubstances.Translation skill科技应用文的译法[重点]学习长、难句翻译,掌握危化品及危化品辨识的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记危险化学品;重大危险源;重大工业灾害;有毒气体;有害气体;有毒物质
2、领会科技文章中长句的译法
3、简单应用科技应用文的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译lAlthough safetyhazards relatedto thephysical characteristicsof achemical can be objectivelydefined interms oftesting requirementse.g.flammability,health hazardsdefinitions areless preciseand moresubjective.Physical hazardsmay manifestas fires,explosions,excessive temperatures,or therelease oflarge volumesof gasor toxicor flammablegases orvapors.2Health hazardmeans achemical forwhich thereis evidencethat acuteimmediate orchronic delayedhealth effectsmay occurin over-exposed people.3The OccupationalSafety and Health AdministrationOSHA definesa hazardouschemical as any chemicalwhich is a physicalhazard ora healthhazard.4Although safetyhazards relatedto thephysical characteristicsofachemical can be objectivelydefined interms oftesting requirementse.g.flammability,health hazardsdefinitions areless preciseand moresubjective.Physical hazardsmay manifestas fires,explosions,excessive temperatures,or therelease oflarge volumesof gasor toxicor flammablegases orvapors.5If thecloud wereignited,the effectsof combustionwould dependon manyfactors,suchaswind speedand theextent towhich thecloud wasdiluted.6An industrialaccident classifiedasamajor hazard*leads totighter control,more specificthan that applied in the normalfactory operations.Unit FifteenFire andExplosions2学时[知识点]Explosion defined;Investigating explosions;Reducing deathinjury;explosion occupanciesindentified;explosion mitigationtaxtics.Translation skill科技英语摘要书写要点[重点]学习长、难句翻译,掌握火灾与爆炸的相关知识,掌握科技英语摘要的书写[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记消防工程师;冲击波;爆炸抑制;轰然;灭火器;爆炸隔绝
2、领会科技英语摘要书写要点
3、简单应用科技英语摘要书写
4、综合应用长难句翻译lFire protectionengineers definethe termexplosion asan effectproduced bya suddenviolent expansionof gases.Some effectsof anexplosion areloud noiseand shockwaves,which cancollapse wallsand shatterwindo2The chemicalreaction andexplosive ingredientspresent in a smokeexplosion ornatural gasexplosion arethesameas in any ordinarycombustion explosion:fuel,oxygen andheat.The fuelinacombustion engineexplosion drivingan automobileis gasoline.3Firefighters operateat manholeexplosions,gas mainexplosions,flammable liquidand gascylinder explosions,oil burnerexplosions,vehicle gastank explosions,terrorist bombexplosions andsmoke explosions.Unit Sixteen The History of Nuclear Power PlantSafety2学时[知识点]The Historyof NuclearPower PlantSafety.Translation skill科技英语结论书写要点[重点]学习长、难句翻译,掌握核安全的相关知识,掌握科技英语结论的书写[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记公共安全;应急救援;操作事故;风险控制;安全机制;安全措施
2、领会科技英语结论书写要点
3、简单应用科技英语结论书写
4、综合应用长难句翻译lAttached toone endof theemergency rodwas arope runningthrough thepile andweighted heavilyon theopposite end.During testing,this rodwas withdrawnfrom thepile andtied downby anotherrope.2For reactorsapproved forresearch,the maximumcredible accidentwould likelyfollow thecareless additionof reactivityto thecore resultinginareactor excursionthat wouldresult ina intensepulse ofradiation thatwould threatenreactor staffand followedby releaseof radionuclidesto theatmosphere,threatening localpopulation.3When theimplications of the Semiscaleexperiments reachedthe public,complaints about the AEC*s handlingof theissue rangedfrom politecriticism tocalls fora licensingmoratorium anda shutdownof theeleven plantsthen operating.4The primaryset wasnot usedfor safetyat all,it wasdesigned forfine control ofthenuclear chainreaction.5While thereisabroad differencebetween nuclearweapons andnuclear powerplants,a greatdeal ofnuclear theorywas generatedfor thewar effort.6Despite thenews storiesof renegadescientists breachingethical standardsin thename ofscience,some safetyissues wereon theminds ofthe governmentthat wassupporting thisnew discover.7Given thatthe normallicensing reviewtime tooknearly ayear tocomplete,a backloggrew andfurther delaysfollowed.[学时分配]知识单元理论学时2Unit OneSafety ManagementSystem2Unit TwoSystem SafetyEngineering2Unit ThreeThe ErgonomicsProcess Unit Four Hazard Identification2Unit FiveWhat Isan OHSMS2Unit Six Industrial Hygiene22Unit SevenSafety Culture2Unit EightMotivating Safetyand Health2Unit NineAccident Investigations2Unit TenSafety Electricity2Unit TwelveAccident Analysisin Construction2Unit ThirteenAccident analysisinMineIndustry UnitFourteenHazardousChemicalandIts2Identification2Unit FifteenFire andExplosions UnitSixteenTheHistoryofNuclearPowerPlant2Safety复习2合计32U!、教学方法与手段本课程的主要内容采用课堂讲授方法,在讲授过程中结合课文中出现的语法重点,穿插讲解科技英语的特点及阅读和翻译技巧对于阅读材料的学习,建议学生查阅相关资料加深理解部分章节引导学生自行翻译
五、考核要求、方式与成绩评定考核要求试题覆盖教材各章节的安全术语、句子分析以及安全学科相关的摘要翻译考核形式考查成绩评定期末考试通过开卷考试或大作业形式进行;并以结构评分制进行最终考查,课堂听课效果(出席听课和课堂讨论)及平时作业完成情况占30%,期末考试成绩占70%
六、选用教材、讲义和主要参考书选用教材《安全工程专业英语》,司鹄编著,机械工业出版社,2007年6月主要参考书
1.《安全工程专业英语》,樊运晓编著,化学工业出版社,2005年10月
2.《科技英语写作》,秦荻辉编著,外语教学与研究出版社,2007年4月
3.《科技英语翻译》,赵萱郑仰成主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2006年6月
七、大纲说明安全工程专业英语是安全工程专业的一门专业选修课,教学中鼓励教师采用多媒体课件与板书相结合授课,注意结合教学内容安排习题,要求学生及时、独立完成句子分析时,鼓励学生积极思考,发表个人见解在英文摘要写作训练课上,鼓励学生采用多种表达方法进行写作
八、审核意见课程负责人签字:教研室主任签字:专业负责人签字:执行日期分管院长签字assumptions-invented,discovered,or developedbyagiven groupasitlearns tocope withits problemsof externaladaptation andinternal integration-that hasworked wellenough to be consideredvalid and,therefore,to betaught tonew membersasthecorrect wayto perceive,think,and feelin relationto thoseproblems”.2These include:organizational responsibilityfor safety,management attitudestowards safety,management activityin respondingto healthand safety problems,safety trainingand promotion,level ofrisk atthe workplace,workers involvementin safety,and statusofthe safety officerand the safety committee.3A11modern theoriesare based on accidentcausation modelswhich tryto explain the sequence of events that finallyproduce theloss.4The strategicmanagement,leadership,motivation,and the personnePs visibleand hiddenvalues aresome issuesthatarenow underintensive study.Unit TwoSystem SafetyEngineering2学时[知识点]System Safety;System SafetyProgram;Hazard Analysis;Hazard Control;Engineering Solutions;Educational Solutions;Administrative Solutionsand ProtectiveApparel.Translation skill翻译技巧一词义引申
1.词义转译;
2.词义具体化;
3.词义抽象化;
4.词的搭配[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长难句翻译,掌握系统安全工程知识[难点]长难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记常用安全术语危险控制;安全评价;;系统安全工程;危险分析;危险辩识;安全准则
2、领会科技英语翻译技巧之一词义的引申
3、简单应用词义引申
4、综合应用长难句翻译1Hazard analysisis notan intuitiveprocess.For ananalysis tobe meaningful,it must be logical,accurate,descriptive ofthe system,and basedon validassumptions.Its successlargely dependson theskill andknowledge of those conductingthe analysis.Anyone whohas athorough,working knowledgeof boththe systemunder considerationand theanalysis techniquetobeused mayperform a hazard analysis.In practice,the effortsof severalpersons withvarying backgroundsare usuallyrequired to assure thatmeaningful andcomprehensive hazardinformation isobtained.2System safetyengineering isa relativelynew approachto accidentprevention.Its conceptsand techniqueshave evolvedfrom effortsto improvethe safetyofthecomplex technicalsystems thatare commonin todayssociety.It isbasedon the ideasthat accidentsresult froma numberof interactingcauses withina system,and thateach causeand interactioncanbe logically identified,evaluated,and controlled.Through thelogical applicationof scientificand managementprinciples overthe lifecycle ofa system,system safetyengineering attemptsto achievean optimumdegree ofsafety.3It involvesthe applicationof scientificand managementprinciples for the timelyrecognition,evaluation,and controlof hazards.4These criterianormally providefor compliancewith acceptedsafety standardssuchasthose containedin governmentregulations.5Equipment specifications,maintenance plans,training plans,proposed systemprocedures,and otherdesign materialsare reviewedand evaluatedduring thedesign phase.6For ananalysis tobe meaningful,it must belogical,accurate,descriptive ofthe system,and basedon validassumptions.7For Analysiswas neverintended toprovide thefinal answerto systemsafetyproblems,but ratherto aidin makingdecisions forimproving thesystem.Unit ThreeThe ErgonomicsProcess2学时[知识点]Description ofthe ErgonomicsProcess;Management Commitment;Establishment ofthe ErgonomicsCommittee.Translation skill翻译技巧一词量增减
1.词量增加;
2.词量减少[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长难句翻译,掌握安全工程学的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记安全术语安全人机工程,工作效率,工作压力,伤害率,人机过程,职业伤残
2、领会科技英语翻译技巧之一词义的引申
3、简单应用词义引申
4、综合应用长难句翻译lIt involvesthe applicationof scientificand managementprinciples forthe timelyrecognition,evaluation,and controlof hazards.2These criterianormally providefor compliancewith acceptedsafety standardssuchasthose containedin governmentregulations.3Equipment specifications,maintenance plans,training plans,proposed systemprocedures,and otherdesign materialsare reviewedand evaluatedduring thedesign phase.4Equipment Hazardanalyses areupdated todetermine theimpact ofany systemchanges,and actionistakentocontrolany hazardsthat resultfrom suchchanges.UnitFourHazardIdentification2学时[知识点]Accident Types;Hazard reportingSystem.Translation skill翻译技巧一词性转换
1.转译成汉语动词;
2.转译成汉语名词;
3.转译成汉语形容词;
4.转译成汉语副词[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握事故调查的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记安全术语工伤保险;人因失误;风险评估;人机系统;工业事故;事故类型
2、领会科技英语翻译技巧之一词性转换
3、简单应用词性转换
4、综合应用长难句翻译lIt is important toremember thata workermay perceivesomething asahazard,when infact it may notbe atrue hazard;theriskmay notmatch theranking thatthe workerplaced onit.2Identification and controlofhazards should include periodicsite safetyinspection programsthat involvesupervisors and,if youhave them,joint labormanagement committees.3To preventindustrial accidents,the people,machines,and otherfactors whichcan causeaccidents,including theenergies associatedwith them,mustbecontrolled.To preventindustrial accidents,the people,machines,and otherfactors whichcan causeaccidents,including theenergies associatedwith them,mustbecontrolled.4Study thework environmentfor what is movinginthevicinity ofthe worker,whatisabout tomove,or whatwill moveasaresultofwhat theworker does.5Any typeof workthat involvesmaterials orequipment thatmaybeharmful withoutforceful contactisasource ofcontact-with accidents.6This hazardidentification techniqueworks wellwhere managementisopenand genuinelyconcerned aboutthesafetyand health of itsworkforce.Unit FiveWhat Isan OHSMS2学时[知识点]The GeneralCharacteristics ofan OHSMS;Voluntary orMandatory ImplementationMethods;ManagementSystemsor SystematicManagement;System Characteristics;OHSMS Diversityand Evaluation.Translation skill:句子成分转换[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握OHSMS的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记职业健康安全管理体系;监管体系;系统方法;详细计划;规章制度;应急计划;计划与职责
2、领会科技英语翻译技巧之一句子成分转换
3、简单应用句子成分转换
4、综合应用长难句翻译lSo far,we haveshown thatOHSMS canvary upona numberof dimensionsrelating tomethod of implementation,system characteristics,and degreeofimplementation.Such varianceisimportantbecause itaffects evaluationand measurementof OHSMSperformance.Measures appropriatefor onedimension ofa systemwill beirrelevant toanother.Evaluation ofOHSMS effectivenessmay needto takeaccount ofwhat systemsare expectedto do.Are theyto meetcomplex systemor simpledesign standardsAre theyimplemented atthe behestof managementor externalOHS authoritiesAre objectivesthe simpleones suchas reducingdirect lost-time injuriesor dothey includesatisfying multiplestakeholders Arethey atan earlyor establishedstage ofdevelopment;and whichof severaldifferent configurationsof controlstrategy andmanagement structure/style isadopted UnitSixIndustrialHygiene2学时[知识点]Physical Hazards;Biological Hazards;Ergonomic Hazards;Chemical Hazards.Translation skill常见多功能词的译法as,it[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握工业卫生的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]1识记工业卫生;物理危害;化学危害;非电离辐射;生物危害;职业病
2、领会as的译法,it的译法
3、简单应用常见多功能词的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译lIndustrial hygienehasbeendefined asthat scienceor artdevoted tothe anticipation,recognition,evaluation,andcontrolofthoseenvironmental factorsor stresses,arising inor fromtheworkplace,which maycause sickness,impaired healthand well-being,or significantdiscomfort andinefficiency amongworkers oramong thecitizens ofthe community.n2Noise isa serioushazard whenit resultsin temporaryor permanenthearing loss,physical ormental disturbance,any interferencewith voicecommunications,orthedisruption ofa job,rest,relaxation,or sleep.3The industrialhygienist,although basicallytrained inengineering,physics,chemistry,or biology,has acquiredby undergraduateand/or postgraduatestudy andexperience,a knowledgeoftheeffects uponhealthofchemical andphysical agentsunder variouslevels ofexposure.4The chanceof developingheat stressincreases withincreased humidity,hot environments,and theuseofpersonal protectiveequipment.5Ionizing radiationhas theability tochange ordestroy theatomic chemicalstructure ofcells,non-ionizing radiationdoes not.6Items suchas sanitationand housekeepingitems regardingpotable water,removal ofindustrial wasteand sewage,food handling,and personalcleanliness havethe potentialto exacerbatethe potentialrisk ofbiological hazards.7To recognizeoccupational factorsor stresses,a healthand safetyprofessional mustfirst knowaboutthechemicals usedas rawmaterials andthe natureoftheproducts andbyproducts manufactured.Unit SevenSafety Culture2学时[知识点]The Concept of CorporateCulture;The Conceptof Safety Culture;Definitions ofSafety Culture;Strengthening theConceptofSafetyCulture.Translation skill常见多功能词的译法that,what[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握安全文化的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记安全文化;企业文化;高危行业;事故率;应急预案;安全评审
2、领会that的译法,what的译法
3、简单应用常见多功能词的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译lIn responsetotherecognition thatits structurehas limitationsin providingthe glue1that holdsorganisations together,much managementthinking overthe lasttwo decadeshas focusedon theconcept ofcorporate culture.2Given thatthe maintenanceof organisationalcultures aresupported byongoing analysesof organisationalsystems,goal-directed behaviour,attitudes andperformance outcomes,the definitiongiven fbrthesafety culture“product“provides adependent variablewith whichto assesssafety cultureimprovement initiatives.3Despite notionsthat culturecannot easilybe createdor engineered,in practise,the creationor enhancementofasafetycultureis dependentupon thedeliberate manipulationof variousorganisational characteristicsthought toimpact uponsafety managementpractices.4It isgenerally thoughtthatawell-developed andbusiness-specifc culture into whichmanagers andemployees arethoroughly socialisedwill leadto strongerorganisational commitment,more efficientperformance andgenerally higherproductivity.5Gaining internationalcurrency overthe lastdecade,it isloosely usedto describethe corporateatmosphere orcultureinwhich safetyis understoodtobe,and isaccepted as,the numberone priority.6A11these definitionsare relativelysimilar inthat theycanbecategorised intoa normativebeliefs perspectivein sofar aseach isfocused tovarying degreeson theway peoplethink and/or behavein relationto safety.Unit EightMotivating SafetyandHealth2学时[知识点]Defining Motivation;Principles ofMotivation;Self-motivation;Needs MoveMountains andPeople.Translation skill数词的译法[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握安全激励的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记安全激励;自我激励;个人需求;社会需求;安全氛围;生理需求
2、领会倍数的比较,倍数的增加,倍数的减少以及分数与被分数增减的译法
3、简单应用数词的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译lThese statements,however,do nottell uswhat motivationreally isnor dothey tellus howwe canmeasure oreven understandmotivation.2We cannotdirectly observeor measureit buta glimpseoftheresults maybe observedwhen wesee apositive changetake placein behavior.3This planshouldincludeyour desiredgoals andobjectives,levels ofexpectations,mechanisms forcommunication,valuative proceduresand techniquesfor reinforcement,feedback,rewards,and incentives.4Regardless ofall theefforts madetoassurethat noaccidents,injuries,or work-related illnessesoccur,there willstill be,attimes,mistakes madeand negativeoutcomes thatoccur.Unit NineAccident Investigations2学时[知识点]Accident Prevention;Investigative Procedures;Fact-Finding;Report ofInvestigation.Translation skill被动语态的译法[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握事故调查的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记事故调查;调查程序;直接原因;间接原因;事故报告;财产损失
2、领会科技文章中的被动语态
3、简单应用被动语态的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译1Investigator collectsevidence frommany sourcesduring aninvestigation,gets informationfrom witnessesand observationaswellas byreports,interviews witnessesas soonas possibleafter an accident,inspects the accident sitebefore anychanges occur,takes photographsand makessketches ofaccident scene,records allpertinent dataon maps,and getscopies ofall reports.Documents containingnormal operatingprocedures flowdiagrams,maintenance chartsor reportsof difficultiesor abnormalitiesare particularlyuseful.Keep completeand accuratenotes ina boundnotebook.Record pre-accident conditions,theaccidentsequence andpost-accident conditions.In addition,document thelocation ofvictims,witnesses,machinery,energy sources,and hazardousmaterials.2Accidents andeven nearmisses shouldbe investigatedby yourcompany ifyou areintent onidentifying andpreventing hazardsin yourworkplace.3Accident investigatorsare interestedin eachevent aswellasinthesequenceofeventsthatled toan accident.4As notedearlier,anaccidentinvestigation is not completeuntil areport isprepared andsubmitted toproper authorities.5If acertain workershows upseveral timesontherecord asbeing injured,itmayindicate thatthepersonis physicallyunsuited forthejob,isnotproperly trained,or needsbetter supervision.Unit TenSafety Electricity2学时[知识点]Groundfault CircuitInterrupts;Electrical Shock;First Aidfor ElectricalShock;CPR.Translation skill定语从句及同位语从句的译法[重点]结合课文分析科技文章的特点,学习长、难句翻译,掌握电安全的相关知识[难点]长、难句翻译[基本要求]
1、识记安全用电;漏电保护器;故障电流;人工呼吸;心肺复苏术;上锁/挂牌
2、领会科技文章中的定语从句及同位语从句
3、简单应用定语从句及同位语从句的译法
4、综合应用长难句翻译1Lockout/tagout kitsarealsoavailable.A lockout/tagout kitcontains itemsrequired tocomply withthe OSHAlockout/tagout standards.Lockout/tagout kitscontain reusabledanger tags,tag ties,multiple lockouts,locks,magnetic signs,and informationon lockout/tagout procedures.Be surethe sourceof electricityremains openor disconnectedwhen returningtoworkwhenever leavinga jobfor anyreason。