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2021-2022学年上学期杭州初中英语八年级期末典型试卷2一.阅读理解(共5小题)
1.(2019秋•上城区期末)Greg Mortensonhates to be calleda hero,but in the mountainsof Pakistanand Afghanistan,that iswhat people call him.Thats because he hashelped themto buildmore thansixty schools,most for girls.Greg Mortensonwas bornin the United States,but grewup in Africa.His hobbywas mountainclimbing.When his younger sisterdied suddenly,he decidedto climbPakistans K2in memoryof her.K2is the second highestmountain in the world.He didntreach thetop ofK2and afterseventy-eight daysat highaltitude(海拔),he was very tired.On hisway backhe gotlost andfinally,unable towalk properly,he stumbledinto thetiny village of Korphe.The villagerslooked afterhim andnursed himback tohealth.He soonrealized howpoor thesepeople were.So,he promisedto returnand builda schoolfor them.Back inAmerica hestarted aprogram calledPennies forPakistan.School childrenasked theirfriends andfamilies to donate penniesand thepennies becamedollars.After threeyears of money-raising(筹款),he wentback toKorphe.The villagerswere amazedwhen hekept hispromise andbuilt KorpheSchool forGirls.Most of the girlswho go to theschool will be thefirst literatewomen in their families.Their mothersnever hadthe chanceto learn to readand write.Greg Mortensonlikes touse anAfrican proverb”If you educate a boy,you educatean individual.But ifyou educatea girhyou educatea community/
(1)Greg Mortensonwas bornin.A.America B.Africa C.Pakistan D.Afghanistan
(2)Greg climbedK2because.A its thesecond highest in the world B.he missedhis deadsister verymuch Sometimes I am tired from school and dont want to say anything.Also,Fm worriedabout mystudy.And Ifeel stressedout beforeeach exam.What shouldI doCould youplease giveme some advice Thanksa lot!Yours,Vera Dear Vera,Yours,Greg2021-2022学年上学期杭州初中英语八年级期末典型试卷2参考答案与试题解析一.阅读理解(共5小题)
1.(2019秋•上城区期末)Greg Mortensonhates to be calleda hero,but in the mountainsof Pakistanand Afghanistan,that iswhat people call him.Thafs because he hashelped themto buildmore thansixty schools,most for girls.Greg Mortensonwas bornin the United States,but grewup in Africa.His hobbywas mountainclimbing.When his younger sisterdied suddenly,he decidedto climbPakistans K2in memoryof her.K2is thesecond highestmountain in the world.He didntreach thetop ofK2and afterseventy-eight daysat highaltitude(海拔),he was very tired.On hisway backhe gotlost andfinally,unable towalk properly,he stumbledinto thetiny village of Korphe.The villagerslooked afterhim andnursed himback tohealth.He soonrealized howpoor thesepeople were.So,he promisedto returnand builda schoolfor them.Back inAmerica hestarted aprogram calledPennies forPakistan.School childrenasked theirfriends andfamilies to donate penniesand thepennies becamedollars.After threeyears of money-raising(筹款),he wentback toKorphe.The villagerswere amazedwhen hekept hispromise andbuilt KorpheSchool forGirls.Most of the girlswho go to theschool will be thefirst literatewomen in their families.Their mothersnever hadthe chanceto learn to readand write.Greg Mortensonlikes touse anAfrican proverbn If you educateaboy,you educatean individual.But ifyou educatea girl,youeducatea community.n
(1)Greg Mortensonwas borninA.A.America B.Africa C.Pakistan D.Afghanistan
(2)Greg climbedK2because B.A it*s thesecondhighestin the worldB.he missedhis deadsister verymuch C.he decidedto visitpoor villagesthere D.he neededto followhisyounger sister
(3)What didGreg dofor KorpheC A.He gavethe villagersa lotofmoney.B Hebecame ateacher in the village.C.He builta lotof schoolsforgirlsthere.D He took manygirls toAmerican schools.
(4)Whats theright timeorder of the followingevents Ca.Greg climbedK
2.b.Greg builtschools.c.Greg stayed in Africa.d.Greg raisedmoney forPakistan.e.Greg gothurt andstayed inKorphe.A.a-c-d-e-b B.d-a-e-c-b C.c-a-e-d-b D.b-c-d-e-a【考点】人物故事类阅读.【分析】本文主要讲了葛瑞格•摩顿森帮助巴基斯坦和阿富汗山里的人们建学校的故事【解答】1A.细节理解题根据第二段Greg Mortensonwas bornin the United States,可知葛瑞格•摩顿森出生于美国,故选A2B.细节理解题根据第二段When hisyoungersisterdied suddenly,he decidedto climbPakistani K2in memoryof he匚当他的妹妹突然去世时,他决定攀登巴基斯坦的乔戈里峰以纪念她,可知他爬乔戈里峰是因为非常想念妹妹,故选B3C.细节理解题根据最后一段The villagerswere amazedwhen hekept hispromise andbuilt KorpheSchool forGirls,当他信守诺言,建立科尔飞女子学校时,村民们都感到很惊讶可知葛瑞格为柯飞尔建了学校,故选C4C.顺序排列题根据第二段Greg Mortensonwas bornin theUnited States,but grewup inAfrica,葛瑞格•摩顿森出生于美国,但是长在非洲,根据第二段he decidedto climbPakistani K2in memoryof her,他决定攀登巴基斯坦的乔戈里峰以纪念她,根据第二段和第三段On hisway backhe gotlost andfinally,unable towalk properly,he stumbledinto thetiny village of Korphe.在回去的路上,他迷了路,最后,由于无法正常行走,他跌跌撞撞地走进了一个名叫科尔飞的小村庄根据第四段Back inAmerica hestarted aprogram calledPennies forPakistan.回到美国后,他开始了一个名为”给巴基斯坦的便士”的项目根据最后——段The villagerswere amazedwhen hekept hispromise andbuilt KorpheSchool forGirls.当他信守诺言,建立科尔飞女子学校时,村民们都感到很惊讶可知正确的顺序是c-a-e-d-b,故选Co【点评】阅读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文,在原文中找出与题目对应的内容,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查
2.2019秋•西湖区期末Tea HouseWants YouJoin usin Tea House-the bestChinese restaurantin town.We arenow looking for someoneinterested inworking withus.2Cooks Atleast twoyears work experience in a restaurantkitchen Goodat makingChinese dishesAble to work on weekends Work1600-2100every day¥600/week5WaitersAVaitresses Atleast oneyears work experience incafes orrestaurants Part-time welcomeWork1100-1500or1600-2100¥16/hour2Cleaners No experience neededPart time welcome Washdishes,clean thekitchen Work1200-1500or1700-22-00¥12/hour We are also looking for singers and bands for Wednesday nights!Call0571-1234567Ms.Wu Fourpeople havecalled Ms.Wu.Heres theirinformation.Ronald cleanernight-time worker,looking fora jobin the morning Marysinger singer,wanting tosing songsat restaurantsonweekendsFrank cookcook in a restaurantfor oneyear,good at making pizzascollege studentwith noworkexperience,looking fora part-time Stellacleaner job1Who wouldget acall fromMs.Wu foran interview面试?D A.Ronald.B.Mary.C.Frank.D.Stella.2How muchcan youget every day ifyou workas a part-time cleanerworking from1700-2200C A.¥
32.B.¥
36.C.¥60D.¥
80.3What canwe learnabout Tea House fromthis readingD A.The cooksof therestaurant havetoworkat lunchtime.B.Waiters in TeaHousemust knowabout leamaking.C.Its the cleanersjob towash thedishes in themorningD.Wednesday eveningis theshow timefor singers.4What kind of passageis thisreading B A.An adof Chinesetea B.An adof a restaurant.C.An adof TeaHouse.D.A posterof aconcert.【考点】广告布告类阅读.【分析】这篇材料是一家茶馆的招聘广告.【解答】1D.根据2cleaners,Noexperienceneeded,Part timewelcome.可知清洁工无需工作经验,可以兼职;Stellacollege studentwith noworkexperience,lookingforapart-time job.可知Stella无工作经验,寻找兼职的工作,符合做清洁工的要求.故选D.2C.根据Work1200-1500or1700-22-00¥12/hour可知每小时12元,1700-22-00五个小时可以挣60元.故选C.3D.根据We arealsolookingfor singersandbandsforWednesdaynights!可知星期三晚上有节目表演.故选D.4B.根据Join usin TeaHouse-the bestChinese restaurantin town.可知这是一家餐馆的招聘广告.故选B.【点评】广告类的阅读材料一般比较直观,学生在阅读题干后可以带着问题在材料中直接找到答案.
3.2019秋•拱墅IX期末Andrew wasa smartboy whenhe was young.He likeddoing thingsin away thathe thought to beclever.But sometimeshe madewrong choices选择.One day,his fathergave himten dollarsand askedhim tobuy somegoldfish.When hegot to the market,he foundthat the killifish lookedlike goldfish and that they weremuch cheaper.So hebought somekillifish andkept therest of the money for himself.When hegot home,his fatherfound whatAndrew didat once.He putthe fishin thetank水槽without saying anything first.The nextday he said to his son,n Andrew,do youknow whatyou boughtyesterday Arethey goldfish**Andrew didntknow whatto say.His fatherwent on,Well,Fm happythat youknow how to savemoney.I alsoknow you are goodat watchingthings aroundyou.But itsnot rightto bedishonest不诚实From thenon,Andrews fatheroften askedhim to do somechores,like buyingdaily thingsand helpinghis unclein hisstore.Several yearslater,Andrew became a successfulbusinessman.When talkingabout thekey tohis success,he said,Thanks to my father,I got to knowmyself welland developedin aright way.”1How muchmoney didAndrew spendon the fish C A.Just ten dollars.B・Almost ten dollars.C・Less thanten dollars.D.More thanten dollars.2Which of the followingis theRIGHT orderaccording to the passageB
①Andrews fathersaw the killifish.
②Andrew becamea successfulbusinessman.©Andrew gotten dollarsfrom his father.©Andrew helpedhis unclein thestore.A.
①③④②B.
③①④②C.
④①②③D.
③④①②3Why didAndrew thankhis fatherA A.Because his father taughthim howto grow in aright way.B・Because his father taughthim howto lookafter himself.C.Because his father helpedhim tofind a successful job.D.Because his father toldhim theimportance ofhelping others.4What canwe knowfrom the passage D A.Andrew,in fact,liked thekillifish more than thegoldfish.B・Andrews fathergot reallymad assoon ashe saw thekillifish.C.Many businessmenare successfulbecause of their greatfathers.D.Andrews fatheris smartbecauseheknows howto helphis son.【考点】人物故事类阅读.【分析】本文讲述了安德鲁是一个聪明的小男孩,有一次替父亲买金鱼时,他自作聪明地用便宜的鳏鱼替代了金鱼,被父亲发现后告诫他需要诚信,从那以后,安德鲁深受启发,最后成为了成功的商人.【解答】1C推理判断题.根据One day,his fathergave himten dollarsand askedhim tobuy somegoldfish和So hebought somekllfsh andkept therest of the moneyfor himself,,可知他还剩了钱,所以他买鱼没有花10美元,故选C.
(2)B细节排序题.通读全文,可知事情的发展顺序如下Oneday,his fathergave himten dollarsand askedhim tobuy somegoldfish.一天,他父亲给了他十块钱,让他买一些金鱼.When hegot home,hisfatherfound whatAndrew didat once.回家后,他父亲立刻发现了安德鲁所做的一切.Andrews fatheroften askedhim todo somechores,like buyingdaily thingsand helpinghis unclein hisstore.安德鲁的父亲经常让他做一些家务,比如买日常用品和在店里帮助叔叔.Several yearslater,Andrew becamea successfulbusinessman.几年后,安德鲁成为了一个成功的商人.因此顺序为
③①④②.故选B.
(3)A细节理解题.根据Thanks tomy father,I gotto knowmyself welland developedin aright way\可知他很感激父亲让他健康、正确地成长,故选A.
(4)D推理判断题.根据he foundthat thekllfsh lookedlike goldfish and that they weremuch cheaper,可知他选鳏鱼是因为它更便宜,而不是更喜欢它,A选项表述错误,排除;根据He putthe fishin thetank without sayinganything first,可知他父亲看见船鱼时并没说什么,而不是很生气,B选项表述错误,排除;文章只提及安德鲁个人的经历,并没说所有成功商人都有一个好父亲,C选项表述不恰当,排除;通读文章,可知安德鲁的父亲很聪明,知道如何帮助自己的儿子,D选项表述正确,故选D.【点评】阅读题型,要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解.根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题.
4.(2019秋•滨江区期末)In theUnited States,16,18,and21are veryimportant agesin a persons life.A personcan donew thingsat eachage toshow thathe orshe isno longera child.That meansyou arean adult(成人).After turning16in theUnited States,a personcan beemployed,get adrivers license,and leavehome.Many highschool studentslearn todrive andget part-time jobssoon aftercelebrating their16th birthday.At18,people intheUnited States canvote(投票表决)and jointhe military(参军),but they are notallowed togo intonightclubs,buying beeror wineuntil they are
21.In manyLatin Americancountries,a youngwomans15th birthdayis important.At this age,people thinkshe isno longera girl,but awoman.To markthis specialday,families with15-year-old daughtershave acelebration calleda quinceanera.First,the youngwoman andher familygo tochurch(教堂).Later,there is a partyto whichmany guestsare invited.In Japan,boys andgirls arethought tobe adultsat the ageof2O.At this age,theyareallowed tovote anddrink beeror wine.The secondMonday inJanuary isa nationalholiday calledComing-of-Age Day.On thisday,20-year-olds celebrateby firstgoing toa shine神社with theirfamilies.Later,they listen to speeches.After that,many celebratelate into the night,In many countries,celebrations arealways there,such astheir50th birthdaysor thebirth of their firstchild.1According to the passage,which of the followingshows youare becoming an adultCA.Going to the church.B.Holding a party.C.Getting adrivers license.D.Celebrating yourbirthday.2What areAmericans NOTallowed todo whenthey turn18BA.Drive.B.Buy wine.C.Join the military.D.Get part-time jobs.3What doquinceanera andComing-of-Age Dayhave incommon AA.They startthe daywith aspecial celebration.B.Parents ofteninvite manyfriends to their house.C.Both of the twodays areonly foryoung women.D.City andschool leadersare invitedto theactivities.4What is the mainidea of the passageDA.The ageof adulthoodis tooyoung insome placesbut tooold inothers.B.Being a young personin LatinAmerica iseasier thanin Japanor theU.S.C.Celebrations arealways thereand importantin a persons life.D.Special agesand celebrationsshow a person isbecoming an adult.【考点】社会文化类阅读.【分析】本文讲述了各国特殊的年龄和庆祝活动表明一个人正在成为一个成年人【解答】DC细节理解题根据After turning16intheUnited States,a personcan beemployed,get adrivers license,and leavehome,在美国满16岁后,一个人就可以就业,拿到驾照,然后离开家文中给出
16、
18、21岁给出的细节,排除A、B、D选项故选C.5B细节理解题根据Many highschool studentslearntodrive andget part-time jobssoon aftercelebrating their16th birthday.At18,people intheUnited States canvote(投票表决)and jointhe military(参军),but theyare notallowed togo intonightclubs,buying beeror wineuntil theyare
21.许多高中生在庆祝16岁生日后不久就学会开车并找到了兼职工作18岁时,美国人可以投票(投票)和参军(参军),但他们在21岁之前不得进入夜总会,购买啤酒或葡萄酒用排除法可知,18岁之前不能做的是”买酒二故选B.6A细节理解题根据To markthis specialday,families with15-year-old daughtershave acelebration calleda quinceanera.First,the youngwoman andher familygotochurch(教堂).Later,there isa partyto whichmany guestsare invited.为了纪念这一特殊的日子,有15岁女儿的家庭举行了一个名为quinceanera的庆祝活动首先,年轻女子和她的家人去教堂后来,有一个聚会邀请了许多客人以及The secondMonday inJanuary isa nationalholiday calledComing-of-Age Day.On thisday,20-year-olds celebrateby firstgoing toa shine(神社)with theirfamilies.一月的第二个星期一是国定假日,叫做成人节在这一天,20岁的孩子们首先和家人去参加一个聚会来庆祝可知,他们共同的特点是:他们以一个特别的庆祝活动开始新的一天故选A.
(4)D文章主旨题根据In many countries,celebrations arealways there,such astheir50th birthdaysor thebirth of their Erstchild.在许多国家,庆祝活动总是有的,例如他们的50岁生日或他们的第一个孩子的出生结合全文描写的是各个地区成人仪式,所以只有D概括最全,故选D.【点评】阅读题型,要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解.根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题
5.(2019秋•杭州期末)People allover the world eatrice.Millions ofpeople inAsia,Africa andSouth Americaeat itevery dayin theirlives.
(1)E Rice isa kind of grass.
(2)D Most kinds are water plants.Farmers grow rice in many countries,even insouthern partoftheUnited Statesand inthe eastof Australia.
(3)A Some scientists think that it started to growin two places.They think that onekind ofrice grew in SouthAsia thousandsof years ago.Someone inChina wroteabout itC.he decidedto visitpoor villagesthere D.he neededto followhisyoungersister3What didGreg dofor KorpheA.He gavethe villagersa lotofmoney.B Hebecameateacher inthe village.C.He builta lotof schoolsforgirlsthere.D He took manygirls toAmerican schools.4What*stheright timeorder ofthe followingevents a.Greg climbedK
2.b.Greg builtschools.c.Greg stayedinAfrica.d.Greg raisedmoneyforPakistan.e.Greg gothurt andstayedinKorphe.A.a-c-d-e-b B.d-a-e-c-b C.c-a-e-d-b D上一c-d-e-a
2.2019秋•西湖区期末TeaHouseWants YouJoin usinTeaHouse-the bestChinese restaurantin town.We arenow lookingfor someoneinterested inworking withus.2Cooks Atleast twoyears workexperience in arestaurantkitchen GoodatmakingChinese dishesAble towork onweekends Work1600-2100every day¥600/week5WaitersAVaitresses Atleast oneyears workexperience incafes orrestaurants Part-timewelcomealmost5,000years ago.The otherkind probablygrew inWest Africa.Other scientiststhink thatrice camefrom India,and Indiantravelers tookit to the otherparts oftheworld.4C Most rice grows in wet land.People in many countriesdo all ofthework growingrice byhand.This is the sameway farmersworked hundreds of years ago.In somecountries,people nowuse machineson theirrice farms.5F They make animal food and rice oil from it.They alsomake baskets,brooms androofs for their houses.They burndry rice plants forcooking.A.No oneknows whererice camefrom.B.Rice is the mostimportant foodin ourdaily life!C.There aretwo mainways to grow rice.D・There aremore than7,000kinds ofrice.E.Some peopleeat almostnothing butrice.F.People useevery partoftherice plant.【考点】选句补全短文.【分析】本篇文章介绍了水稻的种类,水稻的由来,可能来自亚洲的南部,非洲的西部或者是印度,和水稻的种植方式和水稻的用途.【解答】细节推理题.
1.E.根据前句Millions ofpeople inAsia,Africa andSouth Americaeat itevery dayintheirlives.”可知说的是吃水稻,结合选项,应说有些人几乎只吃水稻.故选E.
2.D.根据后句Most kindsare waterplants.”可知说的是种类,结合选项,应说世界上有7000多种水稻.故选D.
3.A.根据前句Some scientiststhink thatit startedto growin twoplaces.They think that onekind ofrice grewin SouthAsia thousandsof years ago.”可知对水稻来源的研究,结合选项,应说没有人知道水稻是从哪里来的.故选A.
4.C.木艮据后句Most ricegrows inwet land.People inmany countriesdo all ofthework growingrice byhand.”可知说的是种植,结合选项,应说种植水稻有两种主要方式.故选C.
5.F.根据后句“They makeanimal foodand riceoil fromit.They alsomake baskets,brooms androofs for their houses.They bumdry riceplants forcooking.”可知说的是水稻的作用,结合选项,应说人们使用水稻的每一部分.故选F.【点评】做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确的答案.二.完形填空共1小题
6.2020秋•上城区期末Mr.Hope,the cleanerat ourschool,walks with a limp跛脚,Watching himwalk slowlyaround ourschool,I oftenwondered1C he limped.One dayI sawtwo boyslaughing atMr.Hope.The headmasterwasveryangry.He tookall ofus tohis officeand showus apicture of a youngman standingby a long,thin boat.This is Mr.Hope whenhe was2B said the headmaster.In the1968Olympics,Mr.Hope hadraced tothe finalround.His onlyreal competitorwas oneother racer,Jack.The racestarted.Other boats were soonfar3B Mr.Hope andJack.Mr.Hope andJack wereracing neckand necktowards the finish line.The racewas goingwell whensuddenly,Mr.Hope hearda hugesound.He lookedaround andsaw thatJacks boatwas4A into the water fast.Jack wasunable tomove.He wasin5B.The otherboats werea longway back.Mr.Hope wasthe onlyone whocould help.Without stoppingto6D,he jumpedinto the water andtried to save Jack.The otherboats7C them on their way tothe finish line,leaving the two menalone inthe water.Jack wasfinally savedbut Mr.Hopes8A was badly cut by the broken wood.Mr.Hope didntfinish therace.He9D got a gold medal金牌at theOlympics.His bodywas not the sameafter therace,10A he was always limped since then.As theystood therelistening,both the boys feltsorry for themselves.We allrealized thatMr.Hope wasa hero.He isan Olympicchampion forever.1A.when B.where C.why D.how2A.old B.young C.shy D.outgoing3A.before B.behind C.beside D.below4A.going downB.going backC.going awayD.go off5A.anger B.trouble C.order D.peace6A.race B.swim C.move D.think7A.waited B.helped C.passed D.stopped8A.leg B.arm C.back D.hand9A.still B.only C.even D.never10A.and B.but C.if D.although【考点】记叙文.【分析】文章介绍了Hope是一名老师,有些跛脚,同时有次嘲笑他,被校长找到办公室,并介绍了他跛脚的原因,大家也知道了他是真正的英雄【解答】1C.疑问副词辨析.A何时,B哪儿,C为什么,D怎样,根据I oftenwondered1he limped.应该是想知道为什么跛脚,故答案是C.2B.形容词辨析.A老的,B年轻的,C害羞的,D外向的,根据上句Hetookallofus tohis officeand showus apicture of a youngman standingby a long,thin boat他把我们都带到他的办公室,给我们看了一张年轻人站在一条又长又细的船旁的照片,可知应该是他年轻时的照片,故答案是B.3B.副词辨析.A在…之前,B后面,C旁边,D在下面,根据上句His onlyreal competitorwas oneother racer,Jack他唯一真正的竞争对手是另一个赛手杰克,应该是其他人远远落后于他们,故答案是B.4A.动词短语辨析.A下降,下跌;跪下;趴下;B回去,C离开,D离开,根据后面Jack wasunable tomove不能移动,应该是他向四周看了看,发现杰克的船正快速地沉到水流湍急的地方,故答案是A.5B.名词辨析.A生气,B麻烦,C命令,D和平,根据上文Jack wasunable tomove不能移动,应该是有麻烦了,故答案是B.6D.动词辨析.A比赛,B游泳,C移动,D想,根据后面he jumpedinto thewater andtried tosave Jack他跳入水中试图救杰克,可知没有多想,故答案是D.7C.动词辨析.A等,B帮助,C传递,D停止,根据后面thefinish line终点线上,应该是停在终点线上,故答案是C.8A.名词辨析.A腿,B胳膊,C后背,D手,根据上文跛脚,可知腿受伤了,故答案是A.9D.副词辨析.A仍然,B只,仅仅,C甚至,D从不,根据上句Mr.Hope didnlfinish therace.没有完成比赛,可知从未得到金牌,故答案是D.10A.连词辨析.A和,B但是,C如果,D尽管,根据从那以后,他的身体就不一样了,他总是一痫一拐的,表并列,故答案是A.【点评】考查完形填空.根据所给的短文对意思有所了解,然后根据短文的大体意思,选择每个符合题意的答案,使短文更通顺.三.综合填空共1小题
7.2019秋•拱墅区期末Life todayis mucheasier thanit washundreds of yearsago,but ithas broughtnew problems.One of1the biggestbig problemsis pollution.To pollute2means mean to make things dirty.Pollution comesinmanyforms.We seeit,smell it,drink itand evenhear it.Man is now slowlypolluting3the whole world.Air pollutionis still4more seriousserious.Its badfor allliving thingsintheworld,5but it is notthe only kind of pollution.Water pollutionkills ourfishandpollutes our6drinking drink water.Noise pollutionmakes us angry7easily easy.Many countrieshave maderules tofight againstpollution.They stoppeople fromburning coalin housesand8factories factory inthe city.Pollution bySO2is nowthe mostdangerous kindof air pollution It is causedby heavytraffic.We aresure thatif thereare fewerpeople driving,there9will bebe less airpollution.The earthis ourhome,so we must take care ofit.That meanskeeping theland,water andair clean,and10at the same time,we must take care oftherise inpollution.【考点】语法填空.【分析】短文主要讲了今天的生活和几百年前的不一样,今天变得便利多了,但同时也污染也变得更严重,作者呼吁我们要保护我们的地球.【解答】1the biggest,考查形容词,由上文的One of可知,其中最大的一个问题就是污染,后接形容词的最高级,big的最高级形式是the biggest,故答案为the biggest.2means,考查动词,根据语境”污染意思是使东西变脏、使用mean作谓语动词,主语是单数形式,因此谓语动词使用单数形式,故答案为means.3the,考查冠词,由下文的whole world可知,人类现在正慢慢污染整个世界,使用定冠词the表示特指,故答案为the.4more serious,考查形容词,根据语境在众多污染重,空气污染仍然是较严重的,使用形容词的比较级形式,故答案为more serious.5but,考查连词,根据语境”它对于世界上所有的生物是不好的,但是它不是唯一的一种污染”,前后句子构成转折的关系,因此使用but,故答案为but.6drinking,考查动词,根据语境”水污染杀害我们的鱼并污染我们的饮用水”,使用drinking修饰water,drinking water”饮用水”,故答案为drinking.7easily,考查副词,由上文的makes usangry可知,噪音污染会轻易地让我们生气,使用副词easily修饰谓语动词,故答案为easily.8factories,考查名词,由上文的houses可知,他们阻止人们在家里和城里的工厂燃烧煤炭,factory是可数名词,使用其复数形式,故答案为factories.9will be,考查动词,由if可知,如果有更少的人开车,就会有更少的空气污染,if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时表将来,主句使用一般将来时,故答案为willbe.10at,考查介词,由下文的the same time可知使用短语at the same time“同时”,属于固定搭配,故答案为at.【点评】对于语法填空这类题,一是懂得分析句子结构,二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性,从语法上确定答案,当然,对于某些固定搭配也要牢记,在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语,对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定.四.词汇应用共9小题
8.2019秋•上城区期末I reallyliked tosee allthe childrenenjoy themselves at the party.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】我真的很喜欢看到所有孩子在派对上玩得很开心【解答】根据题干可知我真的很喜欢看到所有孩子在派对上玩得很开心,其中enjoy oneself表示玩得开心,children表示孩子,第三人称复数,首字母是3则此处填写反身代词themselves,表示他们自己故答案是themselves.【点评】本题考查首字母填空,基础题,要求学生有扎实的词汇基础,再根据题干即可进行填写,注意单词的适当形式
9.2020秋•临安区期末We invitedMr.Brown tothe party.He isalways awelcome guest in our house.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】我们邀请布朗先生参加聚会他在我们家总是一个受欢迎的客人【解答】考查名词.根据句意”他在我们家总是一个受欢迎的”,由首字母g可推出此处用名词guest,表示“客人;由空前的冠词a考虑此处填单数形式.故答案为guesto【点评】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词,先要通读句子,理解大意,想出要填的词根,再联系语境变换恰当的词形,方能正确解答
10.(2020秋•临安区期末)After5hours ofwaiting at the airport,we finally took off at six oclock.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】在机场等了5个小时后,我们终于在六点钟起飞了【解答】考查副词.根据句意”在机场等了5个小时后,我们在六点钟起飞了”,由空后的动词短语took off,结合首字母f可推出此处用副词finally,表示”终于二故答案为finallyo【点评】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词,先要通读句子,理解大意,想出要填的词根,再联系语境变换恰当的词形,方能正确解答
11.(2020秋•上城区期末)The earthwill bein greatdanger ifhumans goon top olluteour cities.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】如果人类继续污染我们的城市,地球将处于极大的危险之中【解答】根据The earthwillbein greatdanger”地球将处于极大的危险之中”及首字母提示可知,应该继续“污染”我们的城市不定式t后跟动词原形pollute故答案为polluteo【点评】首字母填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据首字母提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化
12.(2020秋•拱墅区期末)Anna isa shygirl.She isq uieterthan most ofthe students and she doesnt talk much.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】安娜是个害羞的女孩她比大多数学生都安静,说话也不多【解答】根据Anna isa shygirl”安娜是个害羞的女孩”及首字母提示可知,她比大多数学生“更安静”两者比较,is是系动词,系表结构,填形容词quiet的比较级quieter故答案为quietero【点评】首字母填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据首字母提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化
13.(2020秋•江干区期末)It isbest notto runaway fromyour problem.You shouldtry tos olvethem,【考点】首字母填空.【分析】最好不要逃避你的问题.你应该设法解决它们.【解答】句子中放在to后面跟动词原形,从your problem结合首字母s,应该是solve,动词,解决.故填solve.【点评】首字母填空要根据所给的单词首字母,既要关注句子的含义,又要考虑语法结构,难度比较大,所以做的时候要细心认真.
14.(2020秋•西湖区期末)A dentist isa person whose job is to take care of peoples teeth.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】一名牙医的工作是照料人们的牙齿【解答】根据take careof peoplesteeth”照料人们的牙齿”及首字母提示可知,应该是“牙医”不定冠词A修饰单数名词dentist故答案为dentisto【点评】首字母填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据首字母提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化
15.(2020秋•“宾江区期末)My mother asked me to put those dirty clothes into the washingm achicn.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】我妈妈让我把那些脏衣服放进洗衣机里【解答】从putthose dirtyclothes intothe washing结合首字母m,考查machine,名词,机器故填machine o【点评】首字母填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据首字母提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化
16.(2020秋•下城区期末)Can youtell mehow Chinesepeoplecelebrate the Spring Festival【考点】首字母填空.【分析】你能告诉我中国人怎样庆祝春节吗【解答】根据题干你能告诉我中国人怎样--春节吗结合提示,应该是庆祝celebrate,句意是事实,所以时态是一般现在时,主语是复数形式,动词要用原形故答案为celebrate o【点评】考查首字母填空准确地翻译句子、理解句子,然后根据句意及提示用合适的词的合适形式完成句子,使句意更通顺五.书面表达(共1小题)
17.(2019秋•滨江区期末)假如你是Greg,最近收到好友Vera的电子邮件,请你阅读后回复注意
1.对Vera的问题提出合理的建议,可适当自由发挥;
2.词数80左右;
3.文中不得出现真实的人名、地名等相关信息Dear Greg,Im reallyworried thesedays because oftheproblems inmy daily life.I dontknow whattodo.The worstthing isthat myparents arealways askingme whatshappening atschool.SometimesI amtiredfromschoolanddontwantto sayanything.Also,Im worriedabout mystudy.And Ifeel stressedout beforeeach exam.What shouldI doCould youplease giveme someadvice Thanksa lot!Yours,Vera DearVera,Yours,Greg【考点】提纲作文.【分析】【高分句型一】First,parents alwayscare muchabout us,so it is necessaryfor us to sharewith them.首先,父母总是很关心我们,所以我们有必要和他们分享itis+形容词+for sbtodosth做某事对于某人怎么样【高分句型二】Ifyoudo,they willhave abetter understandingof you.如果你这样做,他们会对你有更好的了解if引导的条件状语从句【解答】DearVera,Im sorryto hearthat yourehaving somany problems.But dontworry.Such problemsare quitenormal forteenagers ofour age.And Imwriting togive yousomeadviceon it.First,parents alwayscare muchabout us,so itis necessaryfor usto sharewith them.[高分句型一]lf youdo,they willhave abetter understandingof you.【高分句型二】As foryour study,you dontneed tobe tooshy toask teachersfor help.Besides,you*d betterlistentosome lightmusic sothat you can easeyour pressure.Hope you can solveyour problems.Look forwardto yourreply!Yours,【点评】提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块,以条目的形式列出,请考生据此进行写作.这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定.因此,提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及到,一个也不能遗漏.考点卡片
1.首字母填空【考查能力介绍】
①首字母填空分为句子填空和短文填空两大类,这种试题的首字母已给,所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词.这既是一种限制,又是一种提示.是完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型,最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力.【例】The bpoliceman saved theboy from the burning building.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】这个勇敢的警察从燃烧的大楼里救出了这个男孩.【解答】答案brave.根据savedtheboyfrom theburningbuilding”从燃烧的大楼里救出了这个男孩.结合给出的首字母提示b,因此可知这句话的意思是”这个勇敢的警察从燃烧的大楼里救出了这个男孩.”故填brave.【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
②首字母填空主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类.答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确,又要使其符合情景需要,它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识,还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力.根据首字母和句意或用所给单词的正确形式填空[例]W you like T-shirts,skirts orone-piece dresses,youcanfind themat ourshop.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】不管你喜欢t恤,裙子还是连衣裙礼服,你可以在我们的商店找到它们.【解答】答案whether.考查首字母填空.句意不管你喜欢t恤,裙子还是连衣裙礼服,你可以在我们的商店找到它们.根据题干W_youlikeT-shirts,skirts orone-piece dresses,youcanfind themat ourshop.可知whether--or表示不管还是即不管你喜欢t恤,裙子还是连衣裙礼服,你可以在我们的商店找到它们.故答案为whether.【点评】要求学生有较强的逻辑推理能力和理解能力,能够根据前后文推知答案,而且要求学生掌握较好的语法水平,能够写出正确的词语正确的形态.
③对短文填空的考查,通常采用篇幅短小、趣味性强的接近生活的短文,文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽,学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分SUIUJOUJ oqjui soqsip叫】qsuM oqof.sjouuop oqSJJ-3•Mu印tu研jnoqe MOURjsniu QSDOHSJL u!9•stun qoun[[JOM0OAuq jumnujs9j oqijo sooooq,,y^Suipp^j siqUJOJJ9snoH已上jnoqp uie]9M UPOluqM£•08夫P09天□.9£夫,9•次夫,V600-00/j UJOJJ§UI[JOM J9UP9[39iuij-jjpd已SP斗JOM noXji AppKJQAQ pSnoX UPOqonui MOH乙•e【网S P加阳□.后已囚,a・p[euo»f-y Z千厘心!八]]11!UP JOJ-sp\[uioij nuo已18pjnoM oqM\qof oiun-lied eJOJ Sui[ooj ououodx斗IOM OUqjiM ju9pnjs QS^JJOO suzzidSUI^PUI JPpoo§UEQA OUOJOJ JUPJDEJSOJU Ul,OO3斗OOO MHSpU0,8M UOSJUUJ0UJS9J JUS§UOS§UIS OSupuuM IJOSUISJ9oUlS*山呐Suiujoui oqiui qofu JOJSUI^OO[口举OM QUIIJ-jq§iu Pieuox•uopuuijojui jpqjSQIOH*spQ p0[]e0A叫o[dood anojHM・sw乙例
⑦-ugo ITOjsjqSiu XepsoupOMJOJ spueqpup SJ^SUIS JOJSUI^OOJ OSJPQJP丛」noq/ci大00--00:乙I」00:SI-00:U U9qoji[oque叩4soqsip qsMoiuoopM91UIJ]1用pgpoou0011叩odxON SJ9UP9J33」noq/9i去00:IZ-0091100:5l-00ll不从析后再答题,有一定的难度.(相关知识点在”首字母阅读填空”卡片中详细叙述)【解题方法点拨】
①句子填空题首先要根据前后句子理解句子大意,推出设空处的大致意思,再根据首字母提示确定所需单词,在注意词性和语法变化的基础上填写拼写正确的适当形式.
②短文填空需要先通读全文了解大意,再仔细推敲,考虑到位,确保用词准确.最后还要全面检查答案填写后短文是否流畅.【中考命题方向】首字母填空是许多省份中考考查的重点,它考查的范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其它学科.在题目上主要采用句子填空(如安徽、杭州、广州等地)和短文填空(如上海、天津、武汉、南京等地)两种形式,需要考生在平时积累足够多的词汇、语法和惯用法知识,以备应考需求.
2.记叙文【概念及特点】完形填空题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词(或短语),每个空白处提供四个选项,要求从中选出一个最佳答案,使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语法错误的题型.完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型.它题材广泛,体裁多样.文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强,具有鲜明的时代感,包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等.而夹叙夹议型文章成为近几年完形填空变化的一个特点.篇章大多有10或15个小题,难度符合《新课程标准》的要求.完形填空题的特点
1、完形填空题能够较为全面地考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力.这一题型的主要考查内容为
(1)语言知识型.考查语言基础知识,如固定短语、基本句型、基础语法、单词在一定语境下的具体应用、习惯用法、常用搭配等.
(2)推理判断型.考查对篇章的整体理解和推理判断能力.
(3)综合型.综合考查知识和能力.
2.完形填空题所选文章有以下两大特点
(1)所选文章是一个有机的整体尽管看起来形式上有残缺(若干个空),但它的内容、句与句之间的衔接点、句子与段落之间的联系、段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍存在于篇章之中.
(2)文章选材广泛近几年在试题设计上选择了学生感兴趣的热门话题,降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查,注重上下文联系,突出综合运用英语的能力,全面测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断能力.因此,考生做完形填空题时,要快速通读全文,理解文章大意与各段落的中心意思,把握文章脉络和作者的写作意图.【命题趋势】完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7-10个词,短文第一个句子作为提示句,一般不设空,并且短文被删去的词多是实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词)为主,而虚词(介词、连词、冠词)相对较少,甚至不设空.其特点如下
1.以考查实词为主信息词汇(或通常所说的“实词”)比重极大,且有逐年增加的趋势.
2.降低了对单词本身词义的考查要求突出该题型的主要测试目的理解全文,通篇考虑,掌握大意,注意关联.
3.增加了考查连词的题考查考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及对文句之间关联性的理解.
4.注重结合语境考查对词语用法的掌握主要涉及两个方面词义辨析与习惯搭配.同义词与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义.如果只是一一对应地记单词的中文意思,不注意具体语境中单词的确切含义,是难以分辨一些词的细微差异的.【解题步骤】
1.通读全文,了解大意做题之前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是非常重要的一个步骤.通过短文所提供的信息,借助语感及相关知识的推断,可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓.完形填空题不同于单项填空题,单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子,根据设空句或前后语境就可以选出答案.而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,答案的选择要联系整段或整篇文章.切勿为了省时而边看边填;否则,只会欲速则不达.许多地方看不下去,选择时或不解其意,或似懂非懂,从而举棋不定,这样不仅错误率高,而且费时费力.每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必须能承上启下,前后呼应,句与句之间也一定紧密相连,形成一个有机的整体.因此通读全文时要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能理解短文的大意即可.某些细节不理解可以跳过,如果不影响答题,可以置之不理;如果与答题有关,可等到第二步填空时再解决.另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息,有助于我们把握全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.
2.瞻前顾后,初选答案在通读全文,了解大意的基础上,便可着手答题.根据习惯用法、固定搭配,并从上下文中找关键性暗示,注意前后对照,凭借语感先选出比较容易的答案.有些题目设计得很巧妙,由下文暗示上文,很有可能开头的空格填入四个选项在语法上都成立,但正确选项要到文章末尾才能知道.反之亦然,文章末尾的空格有可能在上文找到提示性的内容.
3.每空细读,分析斟酌逐句精读,逐题分析选项,有少数空格需多方面地推敲分析,如词义分析、语法结构分析、上下文推理分析等,下面是从所给四个选项角度考虑的解题思路
(1)若考查冠词,则须依据短文空白后单词的第一个音素来确定是用a还是an,根据空格后名词是表示特指还是泛指来确定是用不定冠词a/an还是用定冠词the,或根据冠词的习惯用法来确定.
(2)若是考查介词或副词(如up,out,of,away等)可先从固定搭配入手;若不属于固定搭配,则根据句子结构及介词和副词的意义及用法仔细进行推敲从而作出选择.
(3)若四个选项是名词,则须注意名词的单复数形式、所有格形式等.
(4)如考查形容词或副词,则须根据其所在句中的作用以及它前面的修饰语等来确定是什么词性,是应用比较级还是最高级.
(5)如果考查动词,要么考查在特定语境中动词词义的辨析,要么考查某些固定搭配或时态、语态以及非谓语动词形式等.
(6)若选项是连接词、关系词或连词,则应根据句子结构和上下文的意思决定是选择连接(关系)代词还是连接(关系)副词.也可从连词的一些惯用法或固定搭配等入手,如not.-until as.…as、not so…as或用because不用so、用but不用though等.
4.复核全文,清除疏漏所有的答案选出之后,应再次通读全文,对所选的答案进行核实调整,经过第三步的逐句推敲之后,对短文内容的理解更为深刻,最初选择时有些难解或误解的问题这时就很容易判断,从而也就能得到更好的解决.这一步费时不多却很有必要.【注意事项】
1.重视首尾句完形填空所选的短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空格,它很可能是文章开篇的重要交代,为预测短文体裁及全文大意提供重要信息.尾句往往是段落的灵魂.首尾句往往是文章的主题句,在主题句中,一般可能出现文章的背景知识,故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事件等,抓住并理解主题句对统观全文有很大的帮助.
2.先易后难首先做那些只要根据上下文就能确定答案的直接的、明显的题目,即考查固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构等的题目.对于生疏的人名、地名以及次要的修饰词可暂时搁置一旁,这些东西往往纷杂、累赘,甚至令人厌烦,可尽量绕开它们.假如某个空格太难而一时拿不准选哪一个,可先把它放在一边进行“冷却”,把容易做的全部做好,这样就增强了信心,同时也降低了试题的难度,原来的难题也就不攻自破了.
3.巧断生词如果句子中有个别生词,要通过上下文或构词法知识来推断它的词义.”熟词新义”的情况有时也会碰到,要注意灵活处理.有时,生词对解题根本没什么影响,所以碰到生词大可不必紧张.
4.以长补短,灵活作答有的同学英语背景知识丰富,有的语感好,有的语法知识比较扎实,有的逻辑推理能力较强.总之要充分发挥自己的特长,以长补短,灵活作答,综合判断.
5.充满信心,集中精力答题时头脑中切忌出现自己“解不出”“做不完心看不懂”等坏信号.集中精力可使答题一气呵成,既有利于答题效率的提高,又能保证答题的准确性.【解题方法】
1、利用语境及逻辑关系解题完形填空的文章结构严谨,层次分明,句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间、上文与下文之间的逻辑关系很强.有些选项,不仅要符合语法的要求,更要符合语境及逻辑关系.如(2018盐城)1have hadalongcareer asa nurse.I havemet many patients.28I havenever metanother girllike Katy.
28.A.Instead B.Besides C.Therefore D.However Instead代替;而不是,替代关系;Besides除此之外,递进关系;Therefore因此,因果关系However然而,转折关系.根据上文I havemanypatients.以及下文I havenever metanother girllike Katy”根据前后的逻辑关系,此处为转折关系,表示虽然见过很多病人,但是从没见过像Katy这样的女孩.这样就选出答案D项.
2、利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面.习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,不能随意改动.所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法.对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势.要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量、掌握词语搭配知识并具有词语辨析的能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力.如(2018扬州)For acouple ofdays afterward,Max25a newtitle forme.
25.A.worked outB.turned outC.carried outD.tried outwork out意为得出;turn out意为“结果是“;carry out意为执行;try out意为尝试”,符合句意”后来的几天,马克斯试图用新头衔称呼我.”所以此题只要对这些短语加以辨析就能找到答案B.
3、利用上下文或复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现、释义复现、代词复现等.因此,利用上下文寻找复现信息能帮助考生尽快确定答案.(2017南通)Just ashe hadthrown downhis wood,he heardhis mothersweak voicefrom herbedroom.n I am29and longing for some tea.”
29.A.thirsty B.hungry C.sleepy D.busy四个备选选项都能作表语,语法上没有错误,但如果读到后一句的longingforsometea,就能通过这种释义复现的方式看出妈妈要喝水,口渴的,这样就能选出答案A.
4、利用背景及常识解题完形填空试题正朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展,语言运用与情景交际融为一体.因此解题时,考生的英语语言知识和其他方面的知识都发挥着重要的作用.考生可充分对自己已掌握的文化背景、社会经验及生活常识巧妙地加以运用,这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去.如(2018泰州)Last autumn,my80-year-old grandmotherwas havingproblems withher heart.My familysent hertothe16After acareful examination,a famousdoctor toldmy grandmother,You havesuch a17heart conditionthat youshould have an operation.”
16.A.park B.hotel C.restaurant D.hospital
17.A.wonderful B.serious C.difficult D.proper这两个小题都可以利用生活常识来解题.一般来说,人们身体出现问题,都送去医院,hospital符合题意;而奶奶需要一台手术,证明心脏病情是严重的,serious符合题意.因此,只要对备选选项的词义有基本的了解,答案就很容易选出.总之,考生要在“读-填一读”的过程中遵循以下方针抓住首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意;理解词义,瞻前顾后,先易后难,逐个突破;重读全文,个个审核,验证答案,战胜自我.
3.人物故事类阅读【考查类型】1阅读理解考查类型
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.2文中细节的考查类型
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.【解题方法】
1.直接信息题直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章起义.【常见的提问方式】
1.According tothe passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.
2.Which ofthe followingis True/Not True/false/mentioned
3.Which ofthe followingis thecorrect according tothe passage
4.社会文化类阅读【考查类型】1阅读理解考查类型
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.2文中细节的考查类型
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.【解题方法】
1.直接信息题直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章起义.【常见的提问方式】
1.According tothe passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.
2.Which ofthe followingis True/Not True/false/mentioned
3.Which ofthe followingis thecorrect accordingtothe passage
5.广告布告类阅读【考查类型】1阅读理解考查类型
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.2文中细节的考查类型
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.【解题方法】
1.直接信息题直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章起义.【常见的提问方式】
1.According tothe passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.
2.Which ofthe followingis True/Not True/false/mentioned
3.Which ofthe followingisthecorrect accordingtothepassage
6.选句补全短文【考查能力介绍】
①选句补全短文即短文还原,要求考生把所给选项中的句子还原到文中相对应的空白处,设空位置一般为三种段首、段尾和段中,以段中设空居多.
②这类题型最常见的体裁是记叙文,近年来各地对说明文和议论文等都有所涉及.该题型要求考生了解常见写作顺序,关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系,主要为并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系.复习方法点拨
①坚持每天阅读英语文章,保证一定的阅读量以培养语感;
②在保证阅读量的基础上限制阅读时间,提高阅读速度;
③多积累词汇知识,打好基础;
④坚持复习语法知识和惯用法知识,提高自己的理解能力.【解题方法点拨】
①通读全文,了解文章大意;
②细读五个选项,找出和文章相对应的关键词,分析选项间的逻辑关系;
③根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,选出最佳选项.
④将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理.解题步骤以题为例Why shouldstudents play sports Some people thinkthat studentsplay sportsin orderto getexercise.1But thatis notenough.If studentsplay sports,they canget morethan healthybodies.Why2Students who play sportsdo betterin school.3But arecent studyhas shownthat studentswhoplay sports getbetter scoresin schoolthan thosewho dont.Exercise getsstudents tolearn,remember thingsand concentrate专/心better.4When theyare working together withothers towin gamesand reachgoals,theyre learninghowtobe successfulin practice.And theseskills willbe usefulto themfor studyortheirfuture work.Playing sportscan alsoimprove confidence.Students whoplaysportsfeel betterabout themselves.When theyknow theycan improveand reachtheir goalsby practicing,5And sportscan alsohelp themcommunicate withothers activelyand makenew friends.Now,how aboutgoing outto playsports withyour friendsevery dayA・it buildstheir confidence.B.Here arethree morereasons.C.Some studentslike playingbasketball.D.Others thinkit canhelp studentshave fun.E.Some people thinkthatdoing exercisewill takeup占据students studyhere.F.Students whoplaysportsdevelop theirteamwork spiritsand learnproblem-solving skills.这是一道6选5的选句补全短文题.在答题时,我们要先细读选项确定各个选项的意思,心里有个初步概念.第二步我们要通读全文,在通读过程中就可以考虑选项位置.第三步需要先易后难来确定答案根据设空处5前面是逗点,可知其后并不是个大写字母开头的句子,只有A项合适;
(1)空处前面有some正好可与others形成惯用法,some•••others•••,可选D项;
(2)空前有问句why,可找其对应词reasons,选B;
(3)处可下文中的转折关系推知此处是说做运动不好的地方,只有E项符合题意;
(4)是段首设空,可能是段落中心句,根据后文中workingtogether对应选项F中的teamwork spirits,be successfulin practice对应选项F中problem-solving skills可知应选F.答题的最后一步,我们需要回读文章确定答案是否正确.【解题技巧】
①抓住过渡词,看住上下句;盯紧横线的前后词语.
②如果问题设在段首,有以下三种情况A.通常是段落的主题句,需认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句;B.与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等;段落间的过渡句,这时要瞻前顾后找启示,结合上下文看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来.
③如果问题设在段尾,需要考虑A.空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词;B.通常是结论,概括性语句;C.与前文是转折或对比关系,此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词;D.与前文是并列或排比关系,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词;E.所选答案是引出下一段的内容;如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题.【中考命题方向】选句补全短文是中考中的常见题型之一,近年来题目难度也有所增大.考查方式上常见的有7选5,5选5,也有些省份甚至从句子还原升级到了段落还原.这就要求考生在平时要加大阅读量,培养一定的语感,在平时练习时总结出合适自己的答题技能,以不变应万变.
7.语法填空【考查能力介绍】
①语法填空分为纯空格语法填空和单词的适当形式填空.对介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词等的考查一般是纯空格形式考查;对谓语动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级等的考查一般是根据提示词填写单词的适当形式;也有给出音标或汉语提示的填空题出现.
②语法填空主要考查考生阅读理解的能力、分析句子结构的能力和熟练运用语法的能力.【解题方法点拨】
①快速地阅读全文,从整体上掌握文章大意;D.Wednesday eveningistheshow timeforsingers.
(4)What kindof passageis thisreading A.An adof Chinesetea B.An adofarestaurant.C.An adof TeaHouse.D-A posterofaconcert.
3.(2019秋•拱墅区期末)Andrew wasa smartboy whenhe wasyoung.He likeddoing thingsin away thathe thoughttobeclever.But sometimeshe madewrong choices(选择).One day,hisfathergave himten dollarsand askedhim tobuy somegoldfish.When hegottothe market,he foundthat thekillifish lookedlike goldfishand thatthey weremuch cheaper.So hebought somekillifish andkept therest ofthe moneyfor himself.When hegot home,hisfatherfound whatAndrew didat once.He putthefishinthetank(水槽)withoutsayinganythingfirst.The nextday hesaid tohis son,n Andrew,do youknow whatyou boughtyesterday Arethey goldfish**Andrew didntknow whatto say.His fatherwent on,Well,Fm happythat youknow howtosavemoney.I alsoknow youare goodat watchingthings aroundyou.But itsnot righttobedishonest(不诚实)From thenon,Andrews fatheroften askedhim todo somechores,like buyingdaily thingsand helpinghis unclein hisstore.Several yearslater,Andrew becamea successfulbusinessman.When talkingabout thekey tohis success,hesaid,Thanks tomy father,I gotto knowmyself welland developedin aright way.”
(1)How muchmoney didAndrew spendon thefishA.Just ten dollars.B・Almost tendollars.C.Less thantendollars.D・More thantendollars.
(2)Which ofthe followingistheRIGHT orderaccordingtothepassage
①Andrews fathersawthekillifish.
②Andrew becameasuccessfulbusinessman.
②再次阅读全文,先易固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构后难名词、动词、形容词、副词,注意联系上下文,确定语义,判断词形.;
③三读全文,上下参照,验证答案看上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章;语法结构是否正确无误.解题步骤以题为例World famousscientist Stephen Hawking霍金died1_theageof seventy-six in his homein Cambridge,England onMarch
14.British PrimeMinister TheresaMay saidHawking was one of2_great scientistsof histime.She alsosaid,*His achievementswill not3forget.Hawking wasone ofthe mostrespected scientistsinthemodern historyof4_[f flzlks].Because ofan uncommondisease疾病,he waskept toa wheelchair.5_,the diseasedid notstop Hawkingfrom studying.He usedevery newday thatlife offered6_continue hisresearch ofthe universe宇宙.He said,Where there is life,there ishope.n Hedeveloped7way of thinking aboutproblems in his mindto reacha solution.This wayofthinkinghas ledtohis important discoveries.He was8_one person to presentthe idea of somespecial energyintheuniverse.At the sametime,Hawking tried to explainmany ofthese difficult9_science ideasto morepeople・He10_write severalpopular sciencebooks,including the bestseller ABrief Historyof Timewhich madehim ahousehold家喻户晓的name.StephenHawkingspent hiswhole lifeunderstanding theuniverse.He is,no doubt,a legendary传奇的scientist of all time.这是个设有10个空的语法填空题,其中有3个空无提示.我们可以这样解题首先,快速阅读全文,了解文章大意.其次,我们需要在理解全文内容的基础上开始答题.1空是个固定搭配,attheageof.5空前后句表转折,空后有逗号,应该用副词however,句首首字母大写;7空后是个名词,前需加冠词,非特指用a;……根据先易后难的顺序一一填入答案.最后,把所填答案带入原文通读,凭语感和所学知识判断是否正确.【解题技巧】
①有提示词填空的解题技巧A.要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式.B.如果填空处是谓语,要考虑时态、语态和动词的第三人称单数;如果填空处是非谓语,根据对句子成分的分析和对语境的理解,要考虑填tdo、doing还是done,同时,也要考虑该动作发生时间的先后以及与主语的关系(是主动关系还是被动关系),并填写相应的形式;在平时的模拟题中,有时还要根据句意填写该动词的名词形式,甚至是形容词或者副词形式.
②无提示词填空的解题技巧A.代词这类设空比较少,通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词;B.冠词如果设空处后面是名词,那么可以考虑是否要填冠词,再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指,并填上合适的冠词,在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词;C.介词这类设空一般比较简单,主要涉及动词短语中的介词搭配、形容词短语中的介词搭配以及一些固定的介词短语.【中考命题方向】中考中语法填空题更侧重对文章整体的把握,各地设空多少不一,大多是10空,在考试中考查最多的是谓语动词、非谓语动词和此类转换,其他语法比重虽不及这三个,但多少均有涉及,考生可以在平时的学习中进行专题训练,牢牢把握常见的13种基本语法.
8.提纲作文【概念】提纲作文是近几年中考英语书面表达的热点题型.命题者通常把提纲作文与其他常用文体形式(如书信、报道、通知、日记等)有机结合在一起进行考查,使该类书面表达试题综合性越来越强.
1.提纲作文的特点提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块,以条目的形式列出,请考生据此进行写作.这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定.因此,提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及到,一个也不能遗漏.
2.思维空间灵活、开放为了提高文章档次,考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥.因此,该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性,能较好地体现考生的英语思维能力.
3.提纲作文的写作步骤一般分为审题,明确文体形式;构思,根据提纲全面构思文章内容,根据内容构思词语和句型结构;写作完稿,根据构思的词语和句型结构,按照合理的顺序和语言要求,连句成文.注意句子间的正确联系,注意词语的丰富和句型的多样.【写作举例】假定你们学校英语报社征集以“我最感激的人--妈妈”为主题的英语作文,请你根据要求写一篇英语短文,谈谈你的妈妈.要点
1、简单介绍妈妈.
2、感激妈妈的理由.
3、如何感激.注意
1、词数100左右.
2、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.
3、开头已为你写好,但不计入总词数.Everyone hasapersonhe wantsto saythank-you toinhisdeep heart.I owemy greatgratitude tomy mother.案例分析第一步审题本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文,根据提示信息假定你们学校英语报社征集以“我最感激的人--妈妈”为主题的英语作文,请你根据要求写一篇英语短文,谈谈你的妈妈,写作时注意以下几点
一、仔细阅读有关提示,弄清试题提供的所有信息,要点包括
1、简单介绍妈妈.
2、感激妈妈的理由.
3、如何感激.
二、提纲是文章的总体框架,要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象.要依据提示情景或词语,按照一定逻辑关系来写.本文写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写.
三、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态.四.注意使用高级词汇和句式,以增加文章的亮点.第二步构思文章应该按照“总述--分述”的结构分为四段段.第一段点题,说明要感激的人.第二段简单介绍妈妈.第三段感激妈妈的理由.第四段如何感激.第三步完稿根据要点,按照逻辑顺序重新组织材料,力求拼写正确,行文连贯,连接自然,语言规范,词语丰富,句型多样,语法结构准确无误,表达简明扼要,慎用长难句.高分范文Everyone hasapersonhe wantstosaythank-you toinhisdeep heart.I amvery gratefultomymother.My motherisaprimary schoolteacher whograduated froma normaluniversity.(高分句型——)She isa devotedmotheraswell asa kindand patientteacher.(简单介绍妈妈)She takesgood careof meevery day,especially thisyear whenIamin JuniorThree.She oftencooks deliciousfood forme andhelps meclean upmy room.Whafs more,she evenaccompanies medeep intothe nightevery timeIamdoing myhomework.(高分句型二)Most importantofall,whenever Iget upsetor loseheart,she willencourage meuntil Ihave beencheered up.She alwayssays,“Heaven willalways leavea dooropen.As longasyouwork hard,you willdefinitely succeed.(感激妈妈的理由)Now Itry mybest tostudy andspend almostall mytime onmy lessonsin orderto getinto agood highschool nextyear.This isthebestway formetothank mymother.(如何感激)©Andrew gottendollarsfrom hisfather.©Andrew helpedhis uncleinthestore.A.
①③④②B.
③①④②C.
④①②③D.
③④①②
(3)Why didAndrew thankhisfatherA.Because hisfather taughthim howtogrowinarightway.B・Because hisfather taughthim howto lookafter himself.C.Because hisfather helpedhim tofind asuccessful job.D.Because hisfather toldhim theimportance ofhelping others.
(4)What canwe knowfromthepassage A.Andrew,in fact,liked thekillifish morethan thegoldfish.B・Andrews fathergot reallymad assoon ashe sawthekillifish.C.Many businessmenare successfulbecauseoftheir greatfathers.D.Andrew,sfatheris smartbecauseheknows howto helphis son.
4.(2019秋•滨江区期末)In theUnited States,16,18,and21are veryimportant agesinaperson*s life.A personcan donew thingsat eachage toshow thathe orshe isno longera child.That meansyouarean adult(成人).After turning16intheUnitedStates,apersoncan beemployed,get adrivers license,and leavehome.Many highschool studentslearntodrive andget part-time jobssoon aftercelebrating their16th birthday.At18,people intheUnitedStates canvote(投票表决)and jointhemilitary(参军),but theyare notallowed togo intonightclubs,buying beeror wineuntil theyare
21.In manyLatin Americancountries,a youngwomans15th birthdayisimportant.At thisage,peoplethinkshe isno longera girl,but awoman.To markthis specialday,families with15-year-old daughtershaveacelebration calleda quinceanera.First,the youngwoman andher familygotochurch(教堂).Later,thereisapartyto whichmany guestsare invited.In Japan,boys andgirls arethoughttobe adultsattheageof2O.At thisage,theyareallowed tovote anddrink beeror wine.The secondMonday inJanuary isa nationalholiday calledComing-of-Age Day.On thisday,20-year-olds celebrateby firstgoing toa shine神社with theirfamilies.Later,they listento speeches.After that,many celebratelate intothe night,In manycountries,celebrations arealways there,such astheir50th birthdaysorthebirth oftheir firstchild.1According tothepassage,which ofthe followingshows youare becominganadult_A.Going tothe church.B.Holding aparty.C.Getting adrivers license.D.Celebrating yourbirthday.2What areAmericans NOTallowed todo whenthey turn18A.Drive.B.Buy wine.C.Join themilitary.D.Get part-time jobs.3What doquinceanera andComing-of-Age Dayhave incommon A.They startthe daywithaspecial celebration.B.Parents ofteninvite manyfriends totheir house.C.Both ofthetwodays areonly foryoung women.D.City andschool leadersare invitedtotheactivities.4What isthe mainideaofthepassageA.The ageof adulthoodis tooyoung insome placesbut tooold inothers.B.Being ayoung personin LatinAmerica iseasier thanin JapanortheU.S.C.Celebrations arealways thereand importantinapersons life.D.Special agesand celebrationsshow aperson isbecominganadult.
5.2019秋•杭州期末People allover theworld eatrice.Millions ofpeople inAsia,Africa andSouth Americaeat iteverydayin theirlives.1Rice isakindofgrass.2Mostkindsarewaterplants.Farmers growrice inmanycountries,even insouthern partoftheUnitedStatesand inthe eastof Australia.3Somescientiststhinkthatitstartedtogrowintwoplaces.They thinkthat onekindofrice grewin SouthAsia thousandsof yearsago.Someone inChina wroteabout italmost5,000yearsago.The otherkind probablygrewinWest Africa.Other scientiststhinkthatrice camefrom India,and Indiantravelers tookit tothe otherparts oftheworld.4Mostricegrowsinwetland.People inmanycountriesdo allofthework growingrice byhand.This isthesameway farmersworked hundredsofyearsago.In somecountries,people nowuse machineson theirrice farms.5Theymakeanimalfoodandriceoilfromit.They alsomake baskets,brooms androofs fortheir houses.They burndry riceplants forcooking.A.No oneknows whererice camefrom.B.Riceisthe mostimportant foodin ourdailylife!C.There aretwo mainways togrowrice.D・There aremorethan7,000kinds ofrice.E.Somepeopleeat almostnothing butrice.F.People useevery partofthericeplant.二.完形填空共1小题
6.2020秋•上城区期末Mr.Hope,thecleanerat ourschool,walks witha limp跛脚,Watching himwalk slowlyaround ourschool,I oftenwondered1helimped.One dayI sawtwo boyslaughing atMr.Hope.The headmasterwasveryangry.Hetookallofustohis officeand showusapicture ofayoungman standingby along,thin boat.n ThisisMr.Hope whenhewas2saidtheheadmaster.In the1968Olympics,Mr.Hope hadraced tothe finalround.His onlyreal competitorwasoneother racer,Jack.The racestarted.Other boatswere soonfar3Mr.Hope andJack.Mr.Hope andJack wereracing neckand necktowards thefinishline.The racewas goingwell whensuddenly,Mr.Hope hearda hugesound.He lookedaround andsaw thatJack*s boatwas4intothewaterfast.Jack wasunable tomove.He wasin
5.The otherboatswerealongway back.Mr.Hope wasthe onlyone whocould help.Without stoppingto6,he jumpedintothewater andtriedtosave Jack.The otherboats7themontheirwaytothefinishline,leaving thetwo menalone inthewater.Jack wasfinally savedbut Mr.Hopes8was badlycutbythebrokenwood.Mr.Hope didntfinish therace.He9gotagoldmedal金牌attheOlympics.His bodywas notthesameafter therace,10hewasalwayslimpedsincethen.As theystood therelistening,both theboys feltsorry forthemselves.We allrealized thatMr.Hope wasa hero.He isan Olympicchampion forever.1A.when B.where C.why D.how2A.old B.young C.shy D.outgoing3A.before B.behind C.beside D.below4A.going downB.going backC.going awayD.go off5A.anger B.trouble C.order D.peace6A.race B.swim C.move D.think7A.waited B.helped C.passed D.stopped8A.leg B.arm C.back D.hand9A.still B.only C.even D.never10A.and B.but C.if D.although三.综合填空共1小题
7.2019秋•拱里区期末Life todayis mucheasier thanit washundredsofyearsago,but ithas broughtnew problems.One of1big problemsis pollution.To pollute2meantomakethingsdirty.Pollution comesinmanyforms.We seeit,smell it,drink itand evenhear it.Man isnow slowlypolluting3wholeworld.Air pollutionis still4serious.It*sbadfor allliving thingsintheworld,5itisnottheonlykindofpollution.Water pollutionkills ourfishandpollutes our6drinkwater.Noise pollutionmakes usangry7easy.Many countrieshave maderules tofight againstpollution.They stoppeople fromburning coalin housesand8factoryinthecity.Pollution bySO2isnowthe mostdangerous kindof airpollution Itis causedby heavytraffic.Wearesure thatif thereare fewerpeople driving,there
(9)(be)lessairpollution.The earthis ourhome,so wemusttakecareofit.That meanskeeping theland,water andair clean,and
(10)thesametime,wemusttakecareoftherise inpollution.四.词汇应用(共9小题)
8.(2019秋•上城区期末)I reallyliked tosee allthe childrenenjoy tatthe party.
9.(2020秋•临安区期末)We invitedMr.Brown totheparty.He isalways awelcome ginourhouse.
10.(2020秋•临安区期末)After5hours ofwaiting atthe airport,we ftookoffatsixoclock.
11.(2020秋•上城区期末)The earthwillbein greatdanger ifhumans goontop ourcities.
12.(2020秋•拱墅区期末)Anna isa shygirl.She isq thanmostofthestudentsandshedoesnttalkmuch.
13.(2020秋•江干区期末)Itisbest notto runaway fromyour problem.You shouldtry tos them.
14.(2020秋•西湖区期末)A disapersonwhosejobistotakecareofpeoplesteeth.
15.(2020秋•滨江区期末)My motherasked meto putthosedirtyclothesintothe washingm.
16.(2020秋•下城区期末)Can youtell mehow ChinesepeoplectheSpringFestival五.书面表达(共1小题)
17.(2019秋•滨江区期末)假如你是Greg,最近收到好友Vera的电子邮件,请你阅读后回复注意
1.对Vera的问题提出合理的建议,可适当自由发挥;
2.词数80左右;
3.文中不得出现真实的人名、地名等相关信息Dear Greg,Im reallyworried thesedays becauseoftheproblems inmy dailylife.I dontknow whattodo.The worstthing isthat myparents arealways askingme whafshappening atschool.。