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2022年中考英语一轮复习之定语从句一.选择题(共30小题)
1.(2021•西宁)---I haveread bookswere writtenby CharlesDickens.---So doL DavidCopperfield ismy favorite.()A.how B.who C.what D.that
2.(2021•株洲)The activeladies likemusic theycan dance to.()A.that B.where C.who
3.(2021•鄂州)---Yuan Longpingis a hero isknown fordeveloping hybridrice(杂交水稻).---Yes.He is a greatman.()A.which B.whom C.what D.that
4.(2021•长春)I willnever forget the peoplehelped mea lotduring myhard time.()A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
5.(2021•毕节市)Great changeshave takenplace here.Everything comesinto myeyes isso newto me.A.that B.which C.who D.whom
6.(2021•湘西州)---What kindof musicdo youlike---I likemusic I can singalong with.()A.that B.who C.what
7.(2021•岳卜日)All of the classmatesprefer the song Shao Nian.()A.that theycan singalong withB.which canthey singalong withC・who theycan singalong with
8.(2018*达州)---Have youwatched theTV playn Inthe name of people”(人民的名义)?---Its the most popularplay ourPartys trying to struggleagainst corruption(反对腐败).()A.where show B.which showC.that showsD.who shows
9.(2018•大庆)Now machinesdo thework menonce didby hand.()【点评】选项的从句都是陈述句,所以分析选项中句子的句意,结合语境选出正确答案
14.(2021•哈尔滨模拟)I thinkAI(人工智能)in manyfields willto helpus solvemany problemsin thefuture.()A.what isused;be usedB.which isused;be usedC.that isused;use【考点】一般将来时的被动语态;定语从句.【分析】我认为人工智能在许多领域中的使用,将被用于帮助我们解决未来的许多问题【解答】AI是指物,在定语从句中要用关系代词which,that引导,分析选项只有B,第二个空AI将被用于,被动语态be+动词的过去式故选Bo【点评】掌握定语从句和一般将来时态被动语态的使用规则,分析句意得出答案
15.(2020•南岗区模拟)-Frank,look!Who arethe childrenunder thetree waitingin aline-They arethe studentsfrom No.1Middle School.()A・that areB.which isC.who is【考点】定语从句.【分析】-弗兰克,瞧!正在树下排队等候的孩子们是谁?-他们是来自第一中学的学生们【解答】根据题干可知考查定语从句,先行词the children在从句中做主语,并且是复数,因此排除B和C.故选A.【点评】熟悉定语从句的结构和用法是解题的关键,定语从句重点考查关系词的选择,以及当先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词单复数的问题,因此要把握好这两点,结合题意,给出答案
16.(2020•鄂城区模拟)Pm interestedin you have said.()A.all what B.all which C.all thatD.that【考点】关系代词;定语从句.【分析】我对你说的所有都很感兴趣.【解答】该句是定语从句,先行词是all,表示物,且定语从句中youhave said缺宾语,则应用关系代词that或者which.但all是不定代词,只能用that.故选C.【点评】本题要求学生掌握定语从句的用法,再根据先行词及定语从句即可作出选择.17・2020•鹿城区一模My cousinlikes toread magazines.He canget someideas about which placesto travel.A・that talk about popularcartoons B・that explainscience experimentsC.which tellstories offamous peopleD.which introducewonders of the world【考点】定语从句.【分析】我表弟喜欢看介绍世界奇观的杂志.【解答】先行词magazines,指代物,关系代词可用that或which,在定语从句中充当主语,指代magazines,结合句意我表弟喜欢看介绍世界奇观的杂志.根据后面He canget someideas aboutwhich placesto travel.可知他会获得一些去哪里旅行的建议.故选D.【点评】本题考查定语从句的用法,在所给的选项与句子的语境相结合,从而判断出正确答案.
18.2020•东海县一模以下各句中含有定语从句的是.
①The policehave confirmedthat the victim was a computer engineer.
②They weretrying tofind outwhether the victim was killed at the scene.3Were askinganyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.
④They werechecking the scene formore cluesthat willhelp solvethe case.A.
①②B.
②③C.
③④D.
②④【考点】定语从句.【分析】
1.警察证实受害者是一名电脑工程师.2•他们尽力去弄清楚受害者是否在现场被杀.
3.我们让任何看见不寻常的事情的人联系我们.
4.他们正在检查现场去寻找更多能帮助我们破案的证据.【解答】考查定语从句.定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词;被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词;定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出,即先行词+关系词+定语从句.分析四个句子中,
①句中that是连接词,后面的句子thevictim wasa computerengineer”作confirm的宾语,且是陈述语序,故该复合句是宾语从句;
②句中whether是连接词,后面句子thevictim waskilled at thescene”作find out的宾语,且是陈述语序,故该复合句是宾语从句;
③句中anyone作不定代词是先行词,who是关系词,也是后面句子的主语,后半句whosaw anythingunusual tocontact us作定语,修饰前面的anyone,故该复合句是定语从句;
④句中more clues作名词是先行词,that是关系词,也是后面句子的主语,后半句that willhelp solvethe case”作定语,修饰前面的more clues,故该复合句是定语从句;综合分析,
①②是宾语从句,
③④是定语从句.故选C.【点评】宾语从句和定语从句是中高考的考点.其区别很简单,主要在于判断出从句在主从复合句中担当什么成分.充当什么成分就是什么从句,另外宾语从句前是连接词,连接词前是及物动词,介词,或复合短语;而定语从句前是关系词,关系词前是先行词(名词或代词).它们的区别是很明显的,只要学会一种,区分另一种就很容易
19.(2020•香坊区二模)-Is this film many children watched during the holiday-Right.It tellsus somestories about a boyis disabledbut overcamea lotof difficulties.()A.that,who B.the one,that C.which,who【考点】定语从句.【分析】-这是许多孩子在假期看的那部电影吗?-对.它告诉我们一些关于一个男孩残疾但克服了很多困难的故事.【解答】在定语从句中,先行词为人时,关系词可用that或who;先行词为物时,关系词可用which或that.由题干可知,第一空用the one,表示特指,指代前面提到的thisfilm,the one在此为先行词,manychildren watchedduring theholiday为定语从句,省略了关系词that;第二空要用关系词that,修饰先行词a boy,在从句中做主语.因此选项B符合题意,句意为-这是许多孩子在假期看的那部电影吗?-对.它告诉我们一些关于一个男孩残疾但克服了很多困难的故事.故选B.【点评】题目考查定语从句,要求学生在日常的学习中注意掌握定语从句.做题时,在明确先行词和关系词用法的基础上,结合具体语境,认真分析,便可得出答案.
20.2020•连云港一模That washis firstinvention.It wasa machineclothes.A.that used to washB・which wasused to washing C.which gotused towashing D.that wasused towash【考点】定语从句.【分析】那是他的第一项发明.它是一台用来洗衣服的机器.【解答】观察句子发现,machine后边的内容是定语从句来修饰这个词.这个定语从句的连接词that指的是先行词machine,它在从句当中做主语.而从句的谓语动词是be used to dosth这个结构,意思是”某物被用来做某事故选D.【点评】看懂句意.理清句子结构.知道定语从句的用法,能正确解答本题.
21.2020•福建一模Fuzhou is a touristcity hasgood airquality.A.what B.that C.where【考点】定语从句.【分析】福州是一个空气质量好的旅游城市.【解答】that关系代词,指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what什么;where哪里.根据Fuzhou is a touristcity hasgood airquality,可知这里先行词city是一个物,用that引导.故选:B.【点评】本题主要考查定语从句,做此类题目时,应该注意要根据先行词,来判断关系词!就本题而言主要考查先行词是物,故引导词应该是that.
22.2019•香坊区模拟--What do you thinkof Tibet--The mostwonderful placeIve beenin thepast fewyears.A.what B.that C.to which【考点】定语从句.【分析】-你觉得西藏怎么样?-在过去几年里我去过的最精彩的地方.【解答】A what疑问代词;B that既可指人又可指物的关系代词;C to which+关系代词.根据句子结构,空格处所在句子是一个定语从句.先行词是place,指物,在从句中作地点状语,固定搭配have been to somewhere”曾去过某地,所以空格处填to which.故选C.【点评】判断定语从句的关系词,首先判断先行词是指人还是指物,并确定在从句中所作的成分.
23.(2019•广陵区校级三模)---Is thispark you*ve visitedrecently---Yes,its one of the most beautifulparks Pveever visited.()A.that B.what C.the oneD.where【考点】定语从句.【分析】--这个公园是你最近去过的那个吗?--是的,这是我参观过的最美丽的公园之一.【解答】本句youve visitedrecently做空白处的后置定语,是定语从句;that/where/what都引导从句,不可做先行词,可排除.主语park是单数名词,指代单数名词需用ne,特指那个公园,要加the,故选C.【点评】本句虽然考查定语从句,但设空处是先行词,所以不必纠结ABD三个引导词(其中,what不可引导定语从句),直选C项即可.
24.(2019•秦淮区一模)Which of the followingsentences has a relativeclause()A.Some peoplebelieve thatcolors caninfluence ourmoods.B.He studiedso hardthat hemade greatprogress in the exam.C.Tan Dunshowed aninterest inmusic whenhe wasvery young.D.Anyone whocan provideuseful informationshould contactthe police.【考点】定语从句.【分析】下列哪个句子有定语从句?【解答】根据选项,选项A中,that引导宾语从句,选项B中so-that引导结果状语从句,选项C中when引导时间状语从句,选项D中who引导定语从句.故选D.【点评】考查定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
25.(2019•东莞市模拟)Here arethe photosin Beijing.()A-who aretaken B.that tookC.which I was takenD.that weretaken【考点】定语从句.【分析】这些照片是我在北京照的.【解答】答案D who关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.which关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;根据Here arethe photosin Beijing.可知先行词为photos,是物,所以关系代词可以是that或者which.photos是复数,从句中的谓语动词,应该与先行词保持一致,应该用复数,故选D.【点评】本题主要考查定语从句中的主谓一致,所谓定语从句中的主谓一致指的就是,如果关系代词指代先行词是单数,那么从句中的谓语动词就要和单数的先行词保持数的一致;如果关系代词指代先行词是复数,那么从句中的谓语动词就要和复数的先行词保持数的一致.
26.2018•牧野区校级三模I willnever forget the dayswe spentand theplace westayed.A.which,which B.what,which C.when,where D.which,where【考点】定语从句.【分析】我永远也不会忘记我们一起度过的日子和呆过的地方【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句第一空的先行词是days,作spent的宾语、故关系代词用which/that;第二空的先行词是place表地点,故关系副词用where.故选Do【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案
27.2018•邵阳县模拟-Can youlend methe bookthe otherday-Sorry,Jim hasborrowed it.A・that you talked aboutB.you talked about itC・about that you talkedD.which you talked【考点】定语从句.【分析】——你可以借给我前几天你谈论的那本书吗?——对不起,吉姆借走了【解答】考查定语从句.先行词是book,从句不完整,缺少关系代词,指物的关系代词可用that或者which,B项多了一个it,C项介词后用which,排除B,C;talk about意为谈论,文中是讨论的书,排除D故选A.【点评】考查定语从句,学生需熟知如何判断使用关系代词,还是关系副词,并区分具体用哪个引导词.
28.2018•东营区校级一模Mr.Wang with his visitorsfrom Qingdaoplaying his first visithere.A.who come;is B.that are;are C.who come;are D.who comes;is【考点】主谓一致;定语从句.【分析】王老师和来自青岛的游客是第一次来这里参观.【解答】根据先行词是visitors,所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数,又根据withhis visitors是介词短语修饰Mr.Wang,所以句子的主语还是Mr.Wang,是第三人称单数,所以主句的谓语动词要用单数,因此可知这句话的意思是”王老师和来自青岛的游客是第一次来这里参观.”故选A.【点评】首先要掌握定语从句的用法以及主谓一致的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
29.2018•枣阳市模拟---Whats ateacher---Its a person explainswhy toyou.A.whom B.who C.which D.what【考点】定语从句.【分析】--老师是做什么的?--老师就是为你解释”为什么”的人.【解答】先行词aperson是人,用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句,同时在定语从句中做主语,其它选项不符合语法.故选B.【点评】考查定语从句的引导词,要牢记关系代词的用法和区别,结合句意,选出正确答案.
30.2018•仁寿县模拟Alice prefersstories shortand funny.A.that is B.who isC.who are D.that are【考点】定语从句.【分析】爱丽丝喜欢短小精悍的故事.【解答】该句为含有定语从句的复合句,句子中stories为先行词,对照选项关系代词要用that,不能用who,排除答案B和C,又知关系代词that在句中作主语,根据关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句中谓语动词的单复数由先行词而定,根据现行词stories是复数名词,故be动词为are,故填入that are.故选D.【点评】考查定语从句,首先理解句子的意思,能够找出先行词及定语从句,注意定语从句中动词的形式,采用正确的语法知识答题.考点卡片
1.关系代词【概念】关系代词定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词,通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词,把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词.【结构及分类】关系代词有主格,宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人与指物之分.that的用法最广,that可指人也可指物.见表限定性指人非限定性指物限定性指物主格who/that whichthat宾格whom/that whichthat属格whose ofwhich/whose ofwhich/whose【用法】
①关系代词Who who表示”……的(人)%在定语从句中作主语,不能省略,所引导的定语从句一般修饰指人的名词或代词,在口语或非正式语言中,可作定语从句中的宾语,相当于whom,可省略.彳列I know the ladyis singingover there.She isour Chineseteacher.()A.which B.who C.whom D.whose分析我认识正在那边唱歌的女士,她是我们的汉语老师.解答B.分析句子得知,句子的主干是I knowthe lady,后文is singingover there是一个定语从句,来修饰先行词the lady,在定语从句中作主语,由于先行词the lady,表示人,故可以用关系词that或who,结合选项,故选B.点评解答此类试题时,要充分理解上下文的语境,结合所给词,进行解答.
②关系代词whom whom表示”……的人,在定语从句中作宾语,所引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词或代词,常省略.例Please tellme somethingabout YangLiwei.-He is a greatastronaut ofall theChinese areproud.A.that B.whose C.who D.whom分析--请告诉我有关杨利伟的有关事情?--他是一个伟大的全中国人都引以为豪的宇航员.解答D.that意思是“那个“,引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose意思是“谁的”,引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作定语;who意思是“谁“,引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语;whom意思是谁、在定语从句中作宾语.根据空格前面是介词3因此可知在定语从句中含有一个固定结构be proudof,这时候需要一个可以作of宾语的词,这时把of提前,先行词是astronaut,是表示人的名词,所以还是要用whom来引导定语从句,综上所述,故选D.点评首先要掌握定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
③关系代词that that表示”……的事物所引导的定语从句修饰指事物或人的名词或代词,通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略.彳列I hatethe dogslive in the nexthouse.They makeloud noisesall night.A.who B.that C.what D.whom分析我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音.解答:B.who意思是“谁“指人,在定语从句中作主语;that意思是“那个“,指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what意思是”什么“,不能引导定语从句;whom意思是“谁”指人,在定语从句中作宾语,根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少一个可以作主语的词,综上所述,故选B.点评首先要掌握这几个引导定语从句的词语的意思以及用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.例Ode toJoy欢乐颂is a TV playmany peoplelike.A.why B.that C.who A.whose B.which C.whom D.who
10.(2019•岳阳)PH never forget the story.()A・that cheersme upB.who cheersme upC・what cheersme up
11.(2021•平阳县模拟)Ben plansto visitthis weekend.He cantwait toenjoy thefamous paintings.()A.a parkthat hasmany kindsof flowersB・her grandfatherwho livesin avillage C.a museumthat isfull ofgreat art works D.Mr.Green who is goingback tothe US
12.(2021•重庆模拟)I don*t knowthe herothey aretalking about,but Ido knowthe cityhe saveda lotof people.()A.who;where B.which;where C.who;which D.that;which
13.(2021•温州模拟)-Lets booka forfather forhis birthday.-Thats a good idea.He alwayswants tolearn tocook.()A.hotel that has a great seaview B.course which is aboutItalian foodC.trip that is slowand comfortableD.restaurant which plays nicemusic
14.(2021•哈尔滨模拟)I thinkAI(人工智能)in manyfields willto helpus solvemany problemsin thefuture.()A.what isused;be usedB.which isused;be usedC.that isused;use
15.(2020•南岗区模拟)-Frank,look!Who arethe childrenunder thetree waitingin aline-They arethe studentsfrom No.1Middle School.()A.that areB.whichisC.who is
16.(2020•鄂城区模拟)Pm interestedin youhavesaid.()分析《欢乐颂》是一部许多人喜欢的电视剧.解答B.who意思是“谁”引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语,先行词通常是人;that意思是“那个”,引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语,所修饰的先行词通常是物;关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语.根据aTV play”一部电视剧,这是一个表示物的先行词,所以要用that来引导定语从句,综上所述,故选B.点评首先要掌握定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
④关系代词which which表示”……的(事物):所引导的定语从句修饰指事物的名词或代词,其中which通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略.例My hometownis theplace holds all my sweet memories.()A.who B.which C.what分析家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.解答B.首先根据语境推测句意是家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.,分析句子结构,本句中的holdsallmysweetmemories”在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词place为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选B.点评本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.
⑤关系代词whose whose表示“那个(那些)人的、它(它们)的”时,所引导的定语从句修饰指人或事物的名词,其中whose在从句中作定语,修饰名词.例-Who won the first prize inEnglish speechcontest--The prizewent tothe girlspeech was themostnatural andfluent.()A.that B.who C.whose D.不填分析--在英语演讲比赛中谁获得第一名?一等奖属于那个演讲最自然最流利的女孩.解答C.首先分析句子结构,本句中的speech was themostnatural andfluent”在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词是the girl指人,且在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句,指谁的,表所属关系.故选C.点评本题考查定语从句的关系代词.首先要掌握几个关系代词引导定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的语句中的先行词,以及在定语从句作的成分,就可以做出正确选择.【易混淆点】1that和which都指事物时,一般可以通用.但在下列情况下多用that,不用which
①先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,little,few,none,the one等时.例:Say all that youknow.把你知道的全部讲出来.Is thereanything that Icando for you now现在我能为你做点儿什么吗?I meanthe onethat wasbought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个.
②先行词为序数词或被序数词含last修饰时.如This is the firstfilm that I haveseen sinceI camehere.这是我到这里以来看的第一部电影.The lastplace that they visitedwastheSummer Palace.他们最后参观的地方是颐和园.
③先行词被形容词的最高级或the very,the only等修饰时,如This isthe biggest叩pie thatI haveever eaten.这是我吃到的苹果中最大的一个.She isthe verythief that the policeare lookingfor.她就是警方正在寻找的那个小偷.Mary isthe onlyfriend thatI havein Australia.玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友.
④先行词中既有人又有物时.如We weredeeply impressedby the teachers andschools thatwe hadvisited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象.
⑤先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时.如This isa dictionarythat willhelp youa lot.这是一本对你很有帮助的字典.Dont cheatme.Im nolonger thelittle boythatIwas ten years ago.别骗我了,我再也不是十年前的那个小男孩了.2在下列情况下用which,而不用that
①关系代词前有介词时.如This isthe housein which I livedten yearsago.这就是我十年前住过的房子.
②先行词本身是that时.如What wasthat whichhe said3他说了些什么?
③在以who,which开头的句子中多用that.【解题方法点拨】
①结合具体的语句中的先行词,以及在定语从句作的成分确定使用哪个关系代词.如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词,如果缺少状语则用关系副词.
②先行词本身是that时,避免重复用which,而不用that.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查关系代词的用法,即关系代词who、whom、that、whose which的用法及其它们之间的区别是考查的重点.
2.一般将来时的被动语态【概念】1一般将来时的被动语态表示将要发生的被动动作.2被动语态被动语态passive voice是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系.英语的语态共有两种主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态.汉语往往用“被”、“受“、丝合”等被动词来表示被动意义.被动语态由”助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.3及物动词在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种及物动词与不及物动词.字典里词后标有vt.的就是及物动词,字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象即宾语,若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语.及物动词可直接跟宾语.【结构】一般将来时的被动语态结构形式主语+be goingto/will/shall第一人称+be+及物动词的过去分词.例The problemwill bediscussed oneby oneatthe meeting.会议上我们将会一个一个的讨论这些问题.
①主语+be goingto/will/shall第一人称+be+by+宾语,其中by意为”被…;由…”,表动作的执行者.彳列The results of the survey willbe published in the newspapers.调查的结果将会在报纸上被公布.
②其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则.如The resultsof thesurvey willbe publishedin thenewspapers.(肯定式)The resultsof thesurvey willnot be publishedin thenewspapers.(否定式)Will theresultsofthesurveybepublishedinthenewspapers(疑问式)Yes,they will./No,they won*t.【用法】
(1)一般将来时态,在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态.彳列A newschool willbe builthere next year.明年一所新学校将会在这里建成.
(2)一般将来时,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态.例We willinvite Mr.Black to our fashion show.(改为被动语态)Mr.Black willbe invitedtoourfashionshow.分析布莱克先生将被邀请去我们的时装展.解答be invited.主语Mr.Black是动词invite的承受者,构成被动关系,结合时态是一般将来时,故用一般将来时的被动语态will+be+过去分词,故答案是be invited.点评被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变.疑问式和否定式的变化也如此.
(3)用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般将来时被动语态.如She wontgo tothe partyif she isnt be allowed byhis mother.如果没被妈妈允许,她将不去参加聚会.【易混淆点】使用一般将来时被动语态时,易遗漏被动结构中的be.例如[误]A newfilm willshown atthe cinema next week.[±E]A newfilm willbe shownatthecinemanextweek.[误]Is thisbridge goingto completed before the end of this year[正]Is thisbridge goingto becompletedbeforetheendofthisyear【解题方法点拨】
①当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,如果题干有时间状语tomorrow明天,the dayafter tomorrow后天,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening明天的什么时间,nextyear/week/month/hour明年,in+段口寸间;inthefuture未来,this afternoon/Sunday/evening;from nowon从现在开始,one day(未来的)某天;soon不久等.可以根据这些时间状语来确定为一般将来时态的被动语态.
②没有时间状语,则根据语境判断句子时态和语态.
③时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般将来时被动语态,应该注意.【中考命题方向】一般将来时态的被动语态,中考英语试题常考,并且是中考考查的重点,经常在单选题,动词应用题,完形填空等题型中出现.
3.主谓一致【概念】主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.
①语法一致原则指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式.Tom isagoodstudent.汤姆是个好学生.They oftenplay football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球.
②意义一致指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式.My familyare havinglunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭.Twenty dollarsis tooexpensive forthe book.这本书20美元太贵了.
③就近一致指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语.例Not onlytheteacherbut alsohis studentslike playingfootball.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球.There isa penand some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.【用法】
①单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式.The deskis Toms.这张桌子是汤姆的.Some wateris inthe bottle.一些水在瓶子里.The studentsare playingfootballon theplayground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球.
②many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式.Many astudent has been toShanghai.许多学生到过上海.
③more thanone+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数.More thanone studenthas everbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京.
④表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式.Two monthsisalong holiday.两个月是一个长假.Twenty poundsisnt soheavy.20英镑并不太重.Ten milesisn*talong distance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离.Five minusfour isone.5减4等于
1.
⑤主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数.Each boyand eachgirl hasgot aseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位.Every manand everywoman isat work.每个男人和女人都在工作.©one anda half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.One anda halfhours isenough.一个半小时足够了.
⑦动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.To seeis tobelieve.眼见为实.Doing eyeexercises is good foryour eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益.
⑧a/an+单数名词+ortw作主语,谓语动词用单数.A studentor twohas failedthe exam.一两个学生考试不及格.
⑨当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as wellas,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但名词+aswellas+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致.Mike withhis fatherhas beento England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰.Mike,like hisbrother,enjoys playingfootball.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球.The studentsas wellastheteacher werepresent atthe meeting.⑩由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数.这两种情况区分如下a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物.The writerand teacheris coming.那位作家兼教师来了.(作家和教师指同一个人)The writerand theteacher arecoming.作家和老师来了.(作家和老师是两个人)(ll^eople,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式.People hereare veryfriendly.这儿的人很友好.His familyisn!t large.他家的人不多.My familyall likewatching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视.定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数.Is everyonehere today.今天大家到齐了吗?Something iswrong withhim,他有毛病.Nobody wasin.没有人在家.⑬bach,either,neither,another,the othei•作主语,谓语动词用单数.Each of them has an Englishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典.Neither answeris correct.两个答案都不正确.⑭以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等.No newsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息.Maths is very popularin ourclass.在我们班数学很受欢迎.⑮由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式.Either mywife orI amgoing.Neither you,nor I,nor anyoneelse knowsthe answer.Not onlyyou butalso heis readyto leave.⑯如果主语是由“a seriesof,a kindof,a portionof+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式.但a variety of,a numberof+名词复数,动词要用复数形式;而the numberof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数.A seriesof pre-recorded tapshasbeenprepared forlanguage laboratoryuse.On exhibitionthere area greatvarietyofconsumer goods.The numberofthestudents isover eighthoundred⑰以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致There isa bookand threepens onthe desk.Here aresomebooksand paperforyou.⑱the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式.The poorare veryhappy,but therich aresad.The beautifullives forever.美是永存的.【解题方法点拨】
①先从语法一致,意义一致,就近一致三个方面审题考查什么.
②再根据各用法具体的知识点考虑一些固定用法.
③下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化.We*ve hadsome money.—We haventhad anymoney.Iwastalking tosomeone,f Iwasnt talkingto anyone.They sometimesvisit us.f Theyrarely never,seldom visitus.He hasarrived already,f Hehasnt arrivedyet.Li iscoming too.f Liisn*t comingeither.Both ofus aregoing.Neither ofus aregoing.He likesboth ofthem,f Hedoesn11like eitherofthem.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查就近一致,是考查主谓一致的重点.
4.定语从句【概念】
(1)定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种,初中只要求掌握限定性定语从句.
(2)先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.
(3)关联词引导定语从句的词被称为关联词.关联词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词.
(4)关系代词和关系副词
①关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
②常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as等.这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等.关系代词在定语从句中起到代替先行词、充当句子成分、连接先行词与定语从句的作用.
③常见的关系副词有where,when,why,that等.这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
(5)限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间的紧密程度,可以将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整.【关系代词和关系副词的功能】
(1)关系代词的功能关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语,宾语,定语等.
①作主语.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时一,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例如例-I reallywant torelax myself.Could wesee CityDanger tonight-Sure!The actora heroused tobeaschoolteacher.I likehim verymuch.()分析--我真的想放松一下自己,今晚我们可以去看《危险城市》吗A・who playB.whichplaysC.who playsD.that play--当然,那个扮演英雄的人过去是一名老师,我非常喜欢他.解答c.首先分析句子结构,本句中的”ahero”在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词theactor为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who,另外定语从句的谓语动词由先行词决定,先行词the actor是单数名词,且从句表述的是一般性的事实,所以用一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,所以选C.点评本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.
②作宾语.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略.例如He isthe manthatImet atthemeetinglast weekend.The bookwhich myteacher gaveme iscalled HGone Withthe Wind”.
③作定语.关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语.例如The boywhose fatherisateacher studiesvery hard.Whats the nameofthe manwhose brotherisadirector2关系副词的功能关系副词在定语从句中作状语.作状语.做地点状语用where,做时间状语用when.例如This isthe housewhere myfather wasborn.Fil never forget theday whenI firstcame toBeijing.【用法】1关系代词的具体用法.
①who指人,在定语从句中作主语.例如The manwho ismending themachine hasbeen retired.The boywho iswearing theblack jacketisveryclever.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可以用who代替,也可以省略.例如Do youknowtheyoung manwho/whom wemet atthe libraryThis isthe policemanwho/whom theywere talking about yesterday.
③whose指人,在定语从句中作定语.例如I likethe boywhose motheris anactor.I knowthe girlwhose brotherwon thefirstprize.
④which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略.例如A.all what B.all which C.allthatD.that
17.(2020•鹿城区一模)My cousinlikes toread magazines.He canget someideas aboutwhich placesto travel.()A・that talkabout popularcartoons B・that explainscience experimentsC.which tellstories offamous peopleD.which introducewonders ofthe world
18.(2020•东海县一模)以下各句中含有定语从句的是.()
①The policehave confirmedthatthevictimwasacomputerengineer.
②They weretryingtofind outwhether thevictimwaskilledatthescene.
③Were askinganyone whosawanythingunusualtocontactus.©They werechecking thescene formore cluesthat willhelp solvethe case.A.
①②B.
②③C.
③④D.
②④
19.(2020•香坊区二模)-Is thisfilm manychildrenwatchedduringtheholiday-Right.It tellsus somestories abouta boyis disabledbut overcamea lotof difficulties.()A.that,who B.the one,that C.which,who
20.(2020•连云港一模)That washisfirstinvention.It wasa machineclothes.()A・that used towashB・which wasusedtowashing C.which gotusedtowashing D・that wasusedtowash
21.(2020•福建一模)Fuzhou isa touristcity hasgood airquality.()A.whatB.that C.where
22.(2019•香坊区模拟)--What doyou thinkof Tibet--The mostwonderful placePve beeninthepast fewyears.()A.whatB.that C.towhich
23.(2019•广陵区校级三模)---Is thispark you*ve visitedrecently Adictionary isa bookwhich givesthe meaningof words.The computergame whichheisplaying ishis favorite.
⑤that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略.例如:Did youfind thenotebook thatJim hadgiven mefor mybirthday Iveread thenewspaper thatcarries theimportant news.Who isthe person that isreading thenewspaper overthere2关系副词的具体用法
①when指时间,在定语从句中作状语•例如Ill neverforgetthetime whenwe workedonthefarm.He arrivedin Beijingontheday whenI left.
②where指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例如This isthe housewhere welived lastyear.The factorywhere hisfather worksis inthe eastofthe city.【易混淆点】1只能使用that,不用which的情况
①先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时.例如:All that he saidis right.
②先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.例如This isthe onlyoneofthese booksthat isworth reading.
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如He wasthe secondpersonthattold methe secret.
④先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.This isthe bestmovie thatI haveseen thisyear.
⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如They alwayslike totalkaboutthe manand thethings that they seeontheroad.2只能用which,不用that的情况:
①在非限制性定语从中.例如The flightwas putoff,which wasnot goodnews.
②定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如The thingaboutwhichhe hastold usis ofgreat importance.
(3)关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如That wasthe roomin which we had lived forten years.=That wasthe roomwhichwehadlivedin fortenyears.【解题方法点拨】
(1)分析先行词先行词分为人,物,人和物,无先行词四种情况.
①人作为先行词,可供选择的关系词有who(主宾表),whom(宾表),whose(定),that(主宾表).
②物作为先行词,可供选择的关系词有that(主宾表),which(主宾表),whose(定),when(状),why(状),where(状).
③人和物共同做先行词时,关系词只能用that.
④无先行词,即指代一个句子时,关系词可用的有as,which.
(2)分析从句成分分析从句成分是解决定语从句试题的最为重要的一个步骤.分析从句成分时以动词为中心,动作发出者为主语,动词承受者为宾语,连系动词之后为表语.句子是否有主语,直接看动词之前有没有动作的发出者,动词有没有宾语,一方面要考虑动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,不及物动词不需要宾语,及物动词必须跟宾语.分析成分之后,我们遵循“缺啥补啥”的原则.
(3)考虑特殊情况
1.只用that的情况
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing-••
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰,
③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰.
2.只用which而不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句,
②代表整个主句的意思,
③介词+关系代词.【中考命题方向】定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目,同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点.综观近年来各地的中考英语试题,定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面一是考查指物的关系代词的用法,二是考查指人的关系代词的用法.另外,它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面,但相对考得比较少.---Yes,its oneofthemost beautifulparks Iveever visited.A.that B.what C.the oneD.where
24.2019*秦淮区一模Which ofthe followingsentences hasa relativeclauseA.Some peoplebelieve thatcolors caninfluence ourmoods.B・He studiedso hardthathemade greatprogress inthe exam.C.Tan Dunshowed aninterest inmusic whenhe wasvery young.D.Anyone whocan provideuseful informationshould contactthe police.
25.2019•东莞市模拟Here arethe photosin Beijing.A-who aretaken B.that tookC.whichIwas takenD.that weretaken
26.2018•牧野区校级三模I willneverforgetthe dayswe spentand theplace westayed.A.which,which B.what,which C.when,where D.which,where
27.2018•邵阳县模拟-Can youlend methe bookthe otherday-Sorry,Jim hasborrowed it.A.thatyoutalkedaboutB.youtalkedabout itC.about thatyoutalkedD.which youtalked
28.2018•东营区校级一模Mr.Wang withhisvisitorsfrom Qingdaoplaying hisfirst visithere.A.who come;isB.that are;are C.who come;areD.who comes;is
29.2018•枣阳市模拟---Whats ateacher---Its aperson explainswhy toyou.A.whom B.who C.which D.what
30.2018•仁寿县模拟Alice prefersstories shortand funny.A・that isB.whoisC・who areD-that are2022年中考英语一轮复习之定语从句参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(共30小题)
1.(2021•西宁)---I haveread bookswere writtenby CharlesDickens.---So doL DavidCopperfield ismy favorite.()A.howB.who C.what D.that【考点】定语从句.【分析】——我读过查尔斯•狄更斯写的书——我也是,《大卫•科波菲尔》是我的最爱【解答】考查定语从句首先分析句子结构,本句中的were writtenby CharlesDickens.”在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词books为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that在这句话中,that其实是代替了先行词books,在从句中作were written的主语who指人,在定语从句中作主语that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语how指怎么样,how不能引导定语从句what是不能引导定语从句的what只能用来引导名词性从句,比如主语从句或者宾语从句,而定语从句属于形容词从句故选Do【点评】本题考查定语从句的关系代词做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词
2.(2021•株洲)The activeladies likemusic theycan danceto.()A.that B.where C.who【考点】定语从句.【分析】这些活跃的女士们喜欢可以随着跳舞的音乐【解答】分析句式,题干设空后是一个定语从句,修饰先行词music(音乐),music是物质名称,因此应用关系代词that引导,且在从句中作danceto的宾语,表示“他们可以跟着跳舞的音乐”故选Ao【点评】解答定语从句考查点的题目时,需根据语境分析定语从句和其所修饰的先行词之间的关系,同时还要判断定语从句中所缺的成分,再正确作答
3.(2021•鄂州)---Yuan Longpingisahero isknown fordeveloping hybridrice(杂交水稻).---Yes.He isagreatman.()A.which B.whom C.what D.that【考点】定语从句.【分析】-袁隆平是一个以培育杂交水稻而闻名的英雄-是的他是个伟大的人【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是hero,指人,作主语,所以关系代词用who/that.故选Do【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案
4.(2021•长春)I willneverforgetthe peoplehelped mea lotduring myhard time.()A.which B.who C.whose D.whom【考点】定语从句.【分析】我永远不会忘记那些在我困难的时候帮助过我的人【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是people,指人,作主语,所以关系代词用who.故选Bo【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案
5.(2021•毕节市)Great changeshave takenplace here.Everything comesinto myeyes isso newto me.A.that B.whichC.who D.whom【考点】定语从句.【分析】这里发生了巨大的变化我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是everything,关系代词只能用that故选Ao【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案
6.(2021•湘西州)---What kindof musicdoyoulike---I likemusic Ican singalong with.()A.that B.who C.what【考点】定语从句.【分析】-你喜欢什么类型的音乐?-我喜欢能跟着唱歌的音乐【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是music,指物,作宾语,关系代词用that.故选Ao【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案
7.(2021•岳阳)All ofthe classmatesprefer thesong ShaoNian.()A.thattheycan singalong withB・which canthey singalong withC・who theycan singalong with【考点】定语从句.【分析】所有的同学都喜欢他们能跟着唱的歌曲《少年》【解答】分析句子结构,横线处是定语从句,先行词hesongShaoNian”指物,用that/which引导,定语从句中用陈述语序故选Ao【点评】分析句子结构,判断先行词,选择正确的关系代词和语序进行作答
8.(2018*达州)---Have youwatched theTVplayn Inthenameof people”(人民的名义)?---It*sthemost popularplay ourPartys tryingto struggleagainst corruption(反对腐败).()A.where showB.which showC.that showsD.who shows【考点】定语从句.【分析】--你看了电视剧《人民的名义》了吗?--这是一部最受欢迎的展示了我们党正努力与腐败作斗争的剧作.【解答】定语从句的先行词play是物,并且用形容词的最高级修饰,用that引导定语从句,在从句中做主语,play是三单,谓语动词用三单形式.故选Co【点评】考查定语从句的引导词,要牢记关系代词的用法和区别,结合句意,选出正确答案.
9.(2018•大庆)Now machinesdo thework menonce didby hand.()A.whose B.whichC.whom D.who【考点】定语从句.【分析】现在机器做人类过去用手工做的工作.【解答】根据句意现在机器做人类过去用手工做的工作.可知,考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是work,指物,所以关系代词用that/which.结合选项,A.谁的B.哪个C.谁,宾格D.谁,主格.故选Bo【点评】熟悉定语从句的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
10.(2019•岳阳)Ill neverforgetthestory.()A・that cheersme upB.who cheersme upC・what cheersme up【考点】定语从句.【分析】我将永远不会忘记那个使我兴奋的故事.【解答】本题考查的是定语从句的相关知识.thestory(指物)是先行词,在所给的答案中,可排除B和C,因为who引导定语从句只能指代人,what不能引导定语从句.that引导定语从句时既可指人也可指物.故选A.【点评】解答定语从句相关问题时,要弄清先行词是指人的还是指物的.
11.(2021•平阳县模拟)Ben plansto visitthis weekend.He cantwait toenjoy thefamous paintings.()A.a parkthathasmany kindsof flowersB・her grandfatherwho livesin avillage C.a museumthatisfull ofgreat artworks D.Mr.Green whois goingback tothe US【考点】定语从句.【分析】Ben计划这个周末去参观一个充满伟大艺术作品的博物馆他迫不及待地想要欣赏这些名画【解答】根据下句He cantwait toenjoy thefamous paintings”可知,Ben应该去参观跟画有关的话题,结合选项可知,只有C项中提到artworks,意为“艺术作品”,所以正确选择为Co故选Co【点评】考查定语从句,做题时结合选项选出跟所给信息相关的关键词,进行作答,最后选出正确答案
12.2021•重庆模拟I don*t knowthe herothey aretalkingabout,but Ido knowthecityhe saveda lotof people.A.who;where B.which;where C.who;which D.that;which【考点】定语从句.【分析】我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄,但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市【解答】结合语境,第一句,要表达的是我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄,先行词是hero,英雄,所以关系词用who.第二句,要表达的是“但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市”,先行词是city,结合语境,可知要用关系副词where.故选Ao【点评】结合题干,确定好先行词,然后确定相关的关系词,关系代词或者关系副词,即可选出正确答案
13.2021*温州模拟-Lets booka forfather forhis birthday.-Thats agood idea.He alwayswants tolearn tocook.A・hotel thathasagreat seaview B・course whichis aboutItalian foodC・trip thatis slowand comfortableD.restaurant whichplays nicemusic【考点】定语从句.【分析】--咱们为爸爸的生日预定一门关于意大利菜的课程吧--那真是个好主意他一直想学习烹饪[解答】hotel thathasagreat seaview可以看海景的酒店;course whichis aboutItalian food关于意大利菜的课程;trip thatis slowand comfortable缓慢而舒适的旅行;restaurant whichplays nicemusic播放好听音乐的餐厅答语对前者的提议表示赞同,并且说爸爸一直想学习烹饪,可知前面的提议跟烹饪有关,所以B项符合题意故选Bo。