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2022年中考英语全真考场模拟卷(浙江宁波)•解析版试题卷I
一、完形填空(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项Edward was a high school studentwith littleconfidence.His mathteacher noticed that Edwardalways sat in the back of the classroom.She alsonoticed thatEdward had no friends at school and always ate lunch
1.The teacherfelt it was herduty to2him sometime.One dayafter thefinal exam,when thestudents cameinto the teachers officeto gettheir reportcards,the teacherkept3Edward inline,but shedidnt seehim.When shewas gettingready to go home,Edward4walked in.He lookedterrible.He worethe5clothes thathe hadworn for weeks andhis hairwas dirty.He lookedat the teacher and said,“I knowI amgetting alow grade.Ive realizedits a(n)6that I let all the teachers down.No onecan everlove aperson likeme.Im ahopeless personwith no7•The teacherlet him8while holdingback hertears.When hefinished talking,theteacherlooked9into hissad eyesand said,Edward,your finalgrade is an A.He was very10and said,“You giveme anA MeThe teacherwent onsaying,“You mayappear tobe aD student,but youare anA person.I11you!Never forgetyour dream!I will be12you.The teacherswords gaveEdward
13.From thenon,Edwards testscores were
14.Thanks tothis greatteacher whospoke theright words,Edward keptworking hardand nowhe is a world-famous doctor.As thesaying goes,The wordshave the_____15___of life and death.”
1.A.early B.politely C.straight D.alone
2.A.encourage B.punish C,interview D.promise
3.A.talking withB.looking forC.finding outD.laughing at
4.A.exactly B・excitedly C.certainly D.finally
5.A.clean B.new C・same D.different
6.A.shame B・mystery C・lesson D.example
7.A.experience B.future C・decision Shen also pointed out that when burden is lightened,self-discipline(自律)becomes thekey.“Some studentsnow spend more time having funwhen homeworkis finishedearly.But ifyou use all the free time to relax,you mightfall behindother studentsJ hesaid.
23.The“double reduction(双减)“policy aimsto.A.make vacationslonger forstudents B.reduce thepressure puton teachersC.reduce students9schoolwork burdenD.help studentsbecome morecompetitive
24.Which of the followingis TRUEabout the policy A.Homework is not allowedfor primarystudents.B.Junior high schools shouldreduce their homework.C.All after-school traininginstitutions areasked toclose.D.After-school traininginstitutions shouldoffer advancedteaching.
25.Which of the followingis NOTtrue aboutShen Yuzheand ZhangHangming A.They haveless homeworkand fewer exams now.B.They canspend more time in after-school activities.C.They thinkthe bestthing is to havefewerexams now.D.They havemore chancesto learnknowledge fromreal life.
26.What doShen and Zhang mainlywant totell usin thelast twoparagraphs A.Students shouldlearn tobe self-discipline.B.Students shoulduseall thefreetime torelax.C.Exams arentnecessary becausethey onlyshow students9weak points.D.Students shouldspendmoretimehavingfun afterfinishing homework.【短文分析】本文是一篇说明文主要说明“双减政策”带来的变化以及两名学生对这项政策的看法
23.C【解析】细节理解题根据“It hopesto reduceschoolwork burden(负担)on primaryand junior highschool students.»可知,“双减政策”旨在减轻中小学生的课业负担故选C
24.B【解析】细节理解题根据“It shouldtake nomore than90minutes forjunior highschool studentsto finishtheir homework.可知,初中生完成家庭作业的时间不能超过90分钟,因此根据双减政策,中学生作业应该减少是对的故选B
25.C【解析】细节理解题根据“Both Shenand Zhangfind thereare fewerexams now.But theythink its not necessarily a good thing.”可知,这两名学生都认为考试的减少未必是件好事,因此他们认为现在最好的事情是少考试是错误的故选C
26.A[解析]主旨大意题根据“Both Shenand Zhangfind thereare fewerexams now.But theythink it9snot necessarilya goodthing.和Shenalsopointedoutthatwhenburdenislightened,self-discipline(自律)becomes thekey.”可知,这两段主要是说他们认为考试的减少并不完全是好事,并指出,当负担减轻时,自律就成了关键故选A(D)Bats arethe onlymammals(哺乳动物)that cantruly fly.They play a very important role in ecosystems(生态系统)around the world.They helpkill pestsfor farmers.They alsohelp ensurethat rainforestsstay healthy.Bats facemany dangersthough.This meansecosystems acrossthe globeare endangeredtoo.There aremore than1,000groups of bats.The most of bats are insectivores.This meansthat insectsmake upmostof their diet.There are also batsthat arenectar-eaters and fruit-eaters.A smallnumber ofbat groups are blood-eaters.Nectar-eating batsandfruit-eating batsplay an important rolein desertand tropical(热带的)ecosystems.They areconsidered akeystone group”.This meansthey helpensure arich diversity(多样性)of plantlife andfood forother animals.Nectar-eating batshelp pollinate(授粉)plants in these environments.Fruit-eating batshelp spreadseeds in their rainforestenvironment.They alsohelp restore(彳修复)rainforests thathave beencut downby spreadingseeds overlarge areas.Bats aresometimes called the farmersof thetropics.”Bats thatare insectivoreshelp farmersaround the world withpest control.They eatinsects thatcan damageagricultural crops(农作物).One pestthat batslike toeat iscalledthecorn earwormmoth.This typeof mothcauses about$1billion ayear incrop batcorn earwornmoth Batscan eatlarge amountsof insectsat night.For example,the famousbat groupthat lives in Austin,Texas eatsbetween10,000and20,000pounds ofinsects eachnight.The Austinbat groupis madeup of
1.5million Mexicanfree-tailed bats.They restunder theCongress AvenueBridge indowntown Austinduring thesummer months.The numberof the bats isso largein North America thatmany touristscome towatch themleave theirresting placein theevening.Resting placeloss is the biggestthreat facingbats worldwide.Bats inNorth Americaare alsoin dangerbecause ofwhite-nose syndrome.This diseaseaffects batswhile they are livingduring thewinter.White-nose syndromeis adeadly wildlifedisease.Millions ofbats inNorth Americahave diedfrom thedisease sinceitwasfirst recognizedexactly in
2006.Bats around theworldare facingmany otherthreats unknownby usyet.Large numbersofbatgroupsarin dangerof disappearingforever.Scientists believe that almost80groups ofbats are endangered.They alsobelievethatover900groups ofbats willbecome endangered.Conservation organizationsare working hard tosave batsaround theworld.Although somepeople fearbats,they arean importantpart ofthe naturalworld.Protecting batshelps protectthe environment.
27.Why areecosystems acrossthe globeendangered accordingto the passage A.Living thingsin ecosystemsdo notwork properlyaroundtheworld.B.Too manypests thatsome batscatch forfood have been killedinthepast.C.Bats thatplaya very importantroleinecosystems facemany dangers.D.Groups ofbatsare not largeenough tofight againstdeadly disease.
28.What canwe learn from thepassage A.Most ofthebatshave theirresting places.B.Fruit-eating batsare importantto rainforests.C.Farmers aroundtheworlddepend onbats tocontrol pests.D.Tourists canwatch batseat atnight inNorthAmerica.
29.Whats the writers opinionon savingbats A.More batsare neededfor scientiststo study.B.Saving batshelps protectthe environmentthe humanlivesin.C.We canrecognize newdiseases byprotecting bats.D.Many threatsto batswillbeknown toavoid theirdisappearance.
30.Which ofthe followingwould bethe best title ofthepassage A.Bat:A Mammalin Danger.B.Bat:An ImportantMammal.C.Why theBat Comesout onlyat NightD.How MuchYou Knowabout theBat【短文分析】本文主要讲述了蝙蝠对于环境的重要性,呼吁人们去保护它们
27.C【解析】细节理解题根据“Bats facemany dangersthough.This meansecosystems acrossthe globeareendangeredtoo.”可知,是因为蝙蝠面临着许多危险,故选C
28.B【解析】推理判断题根据Fruit-eating batshelp spreadseeds in their rainforestenvironment.They alsohelp restore(修复)rainforests thathavebeencut downby spreadingseeds overlarge areas.”可矢口,以水果为食的蝙蝠有助于雨林的恢复,故选B
29.B【解析】细节理解题根据“Protecting batshelps protectthe environment.”可知,保护蝙蝠有助于保护环境,故选B
30.A【解析】最佳标题题根据Although somepeople fearbats,theyareanimportantpart ofthe naturalworld.Protecting batshelps protectthe environment.”和全文内容可知,蝙蝠目前处于危险中,我们需要采取措施去拯救它们,因此选项“Bat:A Mammalin Danger.”可以作为本篇文章的标题,故选A
三、任务型阅读(本题有5小题,每小题1分,共计5分)下面的材料A〜F分别介绍了6个不同的APP,请根据以下五位主人公的需求,帮助他们选择合适的APP选项中有一项为多余选项___31___Jason enjoyscooking A.Whafs WorthBuying isan appfor shoppingguide forChinese.It andtrying differentdelicious food.focuses ongiving suggestionson high-quality products,famous brandsHowever,he isand shoppingstores.not good at cookingnow.B.WeChat Readis designedto workwith WeChat.You canread___32___Amys motherseBooks withoutadvertisements.You canalso buyeBooks for your birthdayis coming.Amy doesntfriends asa giftthrough WeChat.know whatto buyfor hermothers C.Pleco ChineseDictionary isaveryuseful appto learnChinese.You birthday.can lookup wordsby Chinesecharacters andPinyin withfullscreen___33___Li WeiisaChinese handwritinginput.who likes travelling,but hecant D.Yummly isa mobileapp that provides differentkinds ofspeak very good English.He plansto travelabroad thissummer holiday.recipes(食谱).If youwant to learn howto cook,you canfind some___34___Eden likesreading usefulinformation.books inhis freetime.He wants to finda readingapp withoutany E.Translate letsyou quicklyand easilytranslate yourvoice andtext advertisements.into anotherlanguage.There are11languages insidethe app.___35___Linda isfond oftaking F.Snapseed isa photo-editing appthatprovidesusers withseveral photosand sheprefers to make thedifferent choices.You canedit yourphotos asyou likewith itbefore photos look better before she shares youshare them on the Internet.them on the Internet.【答案】
31.D
32.A
33.E
34.B
35.F【解析】本文主要是根据五位主人公的需求,帮助他们选择合适的APP
32.根据However,he is not goodat cookingnow”可知,他需要与“烹饪”有关的APP,D选项“Yummly是一款提供不同食谱的移动应用程序如果你想学习如何烹饪,你可以找到一些有用的信息”与之匹配,故选D
33.根据Amy doesntknow whatto buyfbr hermothers birthday”可知,Amy需要与买礼品”有关的APP,A选项“WhatsWorthBuying是一款面向中国人的购物指南应用程序它专注于对优质产品、知名品牌和购物商店提出建议”与之匹配,故选A
34.根据Li WeiisaChinese wholikestravelling,but hecant speakverygoodEnglish”可知,他需要一个在旅行中帮忙翻译的APP,E选项“Translate可以让您快速和轻松地将您的声音和文本翻译成另一种语言该应用程序中有11种语言与之匹配,故选E
35.根据He wantsto finda readingapp withoutany advertisements”可知,需要一个没有任何广告的阅读APP,B选项“WeChatRead被设计为与微信一起工作你可以在没有广告的情况下阅读电子书您也可以通过微信购买电子书作为礼物送给朋友”与之匹配,故选Bo
36.根据Linda isfond oftaking photosand sheprefers tomake thephotoslookbetterbeforeshesharesthemontheInternet”可知,她需要一个拍照APP,F选项“Snapseed是一款照片编辑应用,为用户提供了多种不同的选择你可以在网上分享照片之前用它编辑你喜欢的照片”与之匹配,故选F试题卷n
四、词汇运用(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)A.根据下列句子及所给汉语注释,写空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)
37.Jane is(疯狂的)about readingand this is theeleventh bookshe hasread thismonth.【答案】crazy【解析】句意Jane对阅读着迷,这是她这个月读的第十一本书此空为形容词作表语,crazy表示“疯狂的be crazyabout表示“对.....着迷故填crazy o
38.She wasnot happyand ranaway(生气地),we wereall surprised.【答案】angrily【解析】句意她不开心,生气地跑开了,我们都很吃惊此空为副词修饰动词,angrily表示“生气地:故填angrily o
39.Walk(穿过)the forestand youwill see the lake.【答案】across【解析】句意穿过森林,你就会看到湖动词短语walk across表示“穿过”故填across
40.The peacefulmusic willmake youfeel(放松).【答案】relaxed【解析】句意这平静的音乐让我感觉放松feel连系动词,后接形容词作表语,relaxed表示“放松的”故填relaxedo
41.How exciting!We arenow holdingWorld Expo2019inthe(首都)of China.【答案】capital【解析】句意多么令人兴奋!我们正在中国首都举办2019年世界博览会“the”后接名词,capital首都,名词故填capital
42.Dont keep(哭)and havea happier,healthier andbetter life.【答案】crying【解析】句意不要一直哭,过一个更快乐、更健康、更好的生活cry哭;keep doingsth持续做某事,动名词作宾语,故填crying
43.E-book readersare similarto iPads,but(小的)and lighter.【答案】smaller【解析】句意:电子书阅读器类似于ipad,但更小更轻小的:small;由“and lighter”可知,空处应用比较级,与lighter构成并列关系故填smaller
44.Every playermade aneffort forthe teams(成功)・【答案】success【解析】句意每个队员都为球队的成功而努力success“成功”,是名词,空格前有team,s修饰,空处应用名词形式,故填success
45.Mr.Smith beganto learnEnglish inhis
(四十)and nowhes quitegoodatit.【答案】forties【解析】句意史密斯先生四十多岁时开始学英语,现在学得相当好了“in ones+基数词复数”为固定搭配,意为“在某人几十岁的时候:根据中文提示,可得基数词forty,其复数形式为forties,故填forties o
46..Chinas womensnational footballteam winshigh(赞扬)from allover theworld.【答案】praise【解析】句意中国女子国家足球队赢得了全世界的高度赞扬praise“赞扬”,是不可数名词,故填praise oB.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次(每空一词)for ablebecause interestedrapidly Thetopic I am most46in isCOVID-19pandemic prevention and controlmeasures”.I thinkthisisimportant47other pandemicscould come.It couldtake atoll(造成损失)ontheeconomy.So beingaware anddealing withpandemics areveryimportant.China hasdone agreat jobcontrolling thepandemic sofar andmaking sureit doesntspread
48.My parentsmoved toChina49work severalyears ago.We livedin Beijing,China,together asa family.I lovedliving there.I amlooking forwardto being50to goback toChina.【短文分析】本文作者先表达对中国控制疫情的赞赏,然后表达想要回到中国的心情【答案解析】
46.interested【解析】句意我最感兴趣的话题就是“新冠肺炎的预防和控制措施”be interestedin表示“感兴趣此空为形容词作表语故填interested
47.because【解析】句意我认为这很重要,因为其他传染病会来根据“…other pandemicscould come.”可知空后是空前的原因,用because引导原因状语从句故填because
48.rapidly【解析】句意到目前为止,中国己经在控制疫情方面做得很好,保证它不会快速传播此空为副词修饰动词,rapidly表示“快速地”故填rapidly
49.for【解析】句意我父母很多年前搬来中国工作根据work”可知此处指为了工作,用介词for故填foro
50.able【解析】句意我期待能够回到中国be ableto表示“能够”故填able
五、语法填空本题有10小题,每小题1分,共计10分阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式It wasgoing torain whileI waswalking inthe parknear myneighborhood.Even so,I didtwant togo home.I hada terribleargument withmy momand ranout just1051minute earlier.“Can youplay withme”A littlegirl cametoward me with52ball inher hands.I agreedand the ball53hand tomewitha sweetsmile.When it54begin torain,allthechildren at the lakesidewent homewith theirparents.“Where areyour parents^^I askedthe girl.“My momis thewoman55sells fruitoutside thepark.She seldomtakes careof meJ the girl explained.And mydad is56busy thanher.I usuallyplay alonehere.Its OK.“But itsraining,1said.Youd betternot behere alonewhen itsdark.”“Its noproblem.Mom wontleave mealone,even ifshe seldomcares57me.^^thegirlreplied.A5-year-old girltaught me58love andbelieve inmy mom.Should Ilisten toher andsay sorryto my mom Inthe end,I tookthe littlegirl toher momsvending cart售货摊and thenran home59quick.Opening thedoor,mymomwas closeto tears.Where haveyou beenI lookedforyoueverywhere!See60wet yourclothes are!”She shoutedloudly,but Iknew shewasnt angryanymore.【答案】D.resolution
8.A.compare B・research C.continue D.leave
9.A.shyly B,directly C,carefully D.comfortably
10.A.sad B.worried C.nervous D.surprised
11.A.believe inB.give upC.look forwardto D.run after
12.A.visiting B・preventing C.thanking D.watching
13.A.skills B,knowledge C,hope D.honor
14.A.checked B.improved C,broken D.hidden
15.A.force B.energy C.nature D.power【答案】1-
5.DABDC6-
10.ABCBD11-
15.ADCBD【解析】本文主要讲述了老师鼓励学生爱德华重拾信心的故事
1.句意她还注意到爱德华在学校没有朋友,而且总是一个人吃午饭early提早;politely礼貌地;straight直率的;alone独自根据She alsonoticedthatEdward hadno friendsat school”可知,爱德华没有朋友,所以应是独自吃午饭故选D
2.句意老师觉得她有责任在某个时候鼓励一下他encourage鼓励;punish惩罚;interview采访;promise承诺根据“Edward wasa highschoolstudentwith littleconfidence...satinthebackoftheclassroom...hadnofriendsatschoolandalwaysatelunch...”可矢口,上文中老师发现了爱德华的问题,所以空处是指有责任鼓励一下他,故选A
3.句意期末考试后的一天,当学生们走进老师办公室拿成绩单时,老师不停地在队伍中寻找爱德华,但她没有看到他talking with与...交谈;looking for寻找;finding out查明;laughing at嘲笑根据“but shedidnt seehim”可知,此处指“在队伍中寻找爱德华工故选B
4.句意当她准备回家时,爱德华最后走了进来exactly确切地;excitedly兴奋地;certainly确定;finally最终上文讲到老师一直在寻找爱德华,但
51.minutes
52.a
53.was handed
54.began
55.who##that
56.busier
57.for##about
58.to love
59.quickly
60.how【解析】本文主要讲述了作者和妈妈吵架了,通过在公园和一个小女孩的交谈,跑回了家,发现妈妈到处找他,作者感觉到了妈妈的爱
51.句意我和妈妈发生了一场可怕的争吵,并在10分钟前跑了出去数词1后应加名词复数minutes“分钟故填minuteso
52.句意一个小女孩手里拿着一个球向我走来此处泛指“一个球”,目.ball以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词Ho故填Ho
53.句意我同意了,她带着甜蜜的微笑把球递给了我句子主语“theball”和谓语“hand”之间是被动关系,且故事发生在过去,此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done,主语是单数,be动词用was,hand”递给的过去分词为handed0故填was handedo
54.句意开始下雨了,湖边的孩子们都跟着父母回家了故事发生在过去,此处用一般过去时,动词用过去式began“开始”故填began
55.句意我妈妈是公园外卖水果的女人句子是定语从句,先行词是人thewoman”,关系词在从句中作主语,用who/that引导定语从句故填who/that
56.句意而且我爸比她还忙than前加形容词的比较级busier更忙碌的故填busier
57.句意妈妈不会让我一个人呆着,即使她很少关心我根据Mom wontleave mealone,even ifshe seldomcares…me”可知此处是关心我,care for/about“关心,固定用法故填for/abouto
58.句意一个5岁的女孩教会了我爱和相信我的妈妈teach sb.to dosth.“教某人做某事作宾语补足语用动词不定式to love“爱工故填to loveo
59.句意最后,我把小女孩带到她妈妈的自动售货车上,然后快速跑回家修饰动词“ran”用副词quickly“快速地”故填quickly o
60.句意看看你的衣服有多湿!句子是宾语从句,空格后是形容词,此处用how引导宾语从句故填howo
六、书面表达(共计20分)假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jim对短视频在中国的流行很感兴趣,写信向你询问,请你根据以下特点用英语回信,向他介绍短视频的特点,并谈谈你对短视频流行的看法特点时间不长易于制作积极因素记录生活传播知识……消极影响沉溺其中浪费时间……你的看法...注意
(1)短文必须包括导图的所有要点,并适当发挥;
(2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名;
(3)词数80-100;标题已给出,不计入总词数参考词汇addicted adj.沉溺的Dear Jim,Im gladto hearfrom you.Let metell yousomething aboutshort videosin China.Yours,Li Hua【参考答案】Dear Jim,Im gladto hearfrom you.Let metell yousomething aboutshort videosin China.As thename suggests,most shortvideos areshort.It iseasy tomake.And itis possibleto enjoyseveral videosin ashort time.They alwayscover differentcontents likecooking,singing,travelling,or justthe funnymoments inlife.Its agood wayto sharelifeandspread knowledge.Through shortvideos,people canrelax as well.However,every coinhas twosides.Some peopleare addictedto thesevideos andwaste theirtime.They havepoor eyesightby watchingvideos fora longtime withoutrelaxing.And somevideos maymislead themin someway.So Ithink weshould makegood useof shortvideos.Never followthe trendsblindly.Yours,Li Hua听力音频自助获取是一直没找到,所以此处是指“在老师准备回家时,他最后来了”故选D
5.句意他穿着已经穿了好几个星期的相同的衣服,头发很脏clean干净的;new新的;same相同的;different不同的根据“He lookedterrible.”可知,他穿着已经穿了好几个星期的衣服,衣服没变,用same故选C
6.句意我已经意识到让所有的老师失望是一件羞愧的事shame羞愧;mystery奥秘;lesson课程;example例子根据“I knowIamgetting alow grade和Iletalltheteachersdown.”可知,考了低分,让老师失望是很羞愧的一件事,故选A
7.句意我是一个没有前途的人experience经验;future未来;decision决定;resolution解决方案根据Im ahopeless person”可知,此处指未来没有希望,故选B
8.句意老师忍住泪水,让他继续说下去compare比较;research研究;continue继续;leave离开根据while holdingback hertears.”和“When hefinished talking”可知,忍住泪水是让他继续故选Co
9.句意当他讲完时,老师直接看着他悲伤的眼睛说shyly害羞地;directly直接地;carefully细心地;comfortably舒服地根据theteacherlooked...into hissad eyesandsaid”可知,此处指“直视着他的眼睛”,故选B
10.句意他非常惊讶地说sad悲伤的;worried担心的;nervous紧张的;surprised惊讶的根据“You giveme anA Me”可知,爱德华对自己的感到很惊讶故选D
11.句意我相信你!believe in相信;give up放弃;look forwardto期望;run after追赶根据Never forgetyour dream!I willbe…you”可知,此处是老师对爱德华的鼓励,应是“相信你”故选A
12.句意我会一直看着你的visiting拜访;preventing阻止;thanking感谢;watching关注根据Never forgetyour dream!I willbe...you.”可知,此处指老师对爱德华的鼓励,结合选项,此处指“我会一直关注你的“,watching最符合语境故选D
13.句意老师的话给了爱德华希望skills技能;knowledge知识;hope希望;honor荣誉根据上文“Im ahopeless person”可知,爱德华觉得自己没有希望,老师鼓励了他,所以应是老师的话给了他希望故选C
1.句意从那以后,爱德华的考试成绩提高了checked检查;improved提高;broken弄坏;hidden隐藏上文讲到老师的话语给了爱德华希望,根据“Thanks tothis greatteacher whospoke theright words,Edward keptworkinghardand nowhe isa world-famous doctor.”可知,此处指他的分数提高了故选B
15.句意俗话说“语言拥有决定着生死的力量”force武力;energy能量;nature自然;power力量根据“The wordshave the...of lifeand death”可知,此处指“话语拥有决定生死的力量”故选D
二、阅读理解本题有15小题,每小题2分,共计30分阅读下面材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A WhyDo TopAthletes ChokeUnder PressureAccording toclassic economictheory,the higherthe reward,the betterthe expectedperformance.As aresult,we couldexpect the best performanceatthe most importantmoments.But whydo weso oftenseethemost talentedand experiencedathletes performmuch worsethan expectedin important competitions likethe OlympicsWhy theDrop inPerformance Itisnotnecessarily truethat theresa directrelationship betweenincentives(激励)and achievement.Research hasshown thatincreased motivation(动机)beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance.We callthis phenomenonchoking underpressure^.Greater incentivesmay leadto higherlevels ofarousal(兴奋).The relationshipbetween performanceand arousallooks like an invertedU shape(彳到U形),meaning thatperformance is the bestat certain levels ofarousal anddrops withover-arousal.The desireto performaswell as possibleis thoughtto createperformance pressure.Many studieshave shownincreased pressurehas abad effecton athletes9performance inskill-based games.When peopleoverthink orconsciously monitoreach step,the dropin performancehappens.17Beyond thepressure comingfrom theimportantcompetitions,another thing that mayadd pressureisthelevel ofexpectations.An experimentsuggested highaudience expectationsharm performance in askill-based task.For example,one ofthemostfamous biathletesin history,Martin Fourcade,said itwasveryemotional forhim tocompete inhis home country andalso muchharder thancompeting abroadbecause ofgreater expectations.We testedthis homedisadvantage byusing datafrom biathlon(冬季两项)competitions over17years.We havefound themost titledathletes missa lotmore shotswhen competingintheirhomecountrycompared towhen theycompete abroad.The mostreasonable explanationlikely relatesto thelevel ofexpectations from the homeland.How toDeal withIt Thereare severalways to reduce stress,such asa countdownor takinga deepbreath beforethe task.But thebase forany solutionis torealize thatstress affectsperformance.Choking underpressure canhappen tothe bestathletes anditsnota shameto admitit.The moreathletes knowabout theeffect pressurecan haveon them,the morelikely theyare tosucceed atthe highestlevel.
16.What canwe learnfrom“choking underpressure59A.The higherthe reward,the betterthe expectedperformance.B.Better achievementin gamesresults froma dropin pressure.C.Arousal beyond acertainlevelharms anathletesperformance.D.Athletes9performanceingames hassomething to do withtheir training.
17.Which ofthe followingwould bethe bestheading forParagraph4and5A.Pressure asa Keyto ImprovingPerformance.B.Pressure asa Pushfor BecomingTop-level Athletes.C.High ExpectationsasaCause ofChoking UnderPressure.D.High Expectationsas anIncentive toCompete inthe HomeCountry.
18.To dealwith pressure,the athletesshould first.A.avoid thepossible feelingsof pressureB.share theirworries withfriends andcoaches C,try theirbest tosucceed atthe highestlevel D.recognize theeffect ofstress onperformance【答案】
16.C
17.C
18.D【导语】本文主要讲述了为什么顶尖运动员在压力下会表现不好【解析】
16.细节理解题根据“Research hasshown thatincreased motivation动机beyondacertainlevelharmsanathlete^performance.”可知,研究表明,超过一定水平的动机增加会对运动员的表现产生不好的影响故选Co
17.推理判断题根据
4、5段所阐述的主要是运动员们在高预期的情况下在比赛中发挥失误的例子其实就是在告诉我们高预期是造成运动员很大压力,发挥失常的主要原因,故选C
18.细节理解题根据“But thebase forany solutionistorealize thatstress affectsperformance.”可知,解决问题的关键还是需要意识到压力会影响比赛的发挥,故选Do B“We arerunning outof spaceand the only placestogoto areother worlds...Spreading outmay bethe onlything thatsaves usfrom ourselves.I believethat humansneed toleave Earth“These arethe wordsofthefamous scientistStephen Hawking.Hawking wasnot alonein thisview.Many experts(专家)feel thatthe onlyway forhumans tolast farinto thefuture isto colonize(殖民)other planets.That way,if anasteroid(小彳亍星),a terribledisease or some other disasters hitthe Earth,we wouldstill havea chance.Mars isone ofthe bestchoices.NASA,the privatecompany SpaceX,and otherorganizations allhave plansto sendhumans there.Either wespread Earthto other planets,orwego outoftheearth;SpaceX founderElon Musksaid.But noteveryone agreesthat colonizingMars orany otherplanet issuch agreat plan.The mostcommon disagreementabout goingis thatits justtoo expensiveor dangerous.It willtake agreat dealof moneyand otherresources justto getpeople there,let aloneset upa placefbr themto live.Ifs noteven clearif humanscould surviveon Mars.Maybe allthe timeand moneypeople wouldpour intoa Marstask would be betterspent onmore importantprojects here on Earth,like solvingthe problemsin poorareas or changes inthe worldsweather.Some expertsdisagree thatworking outa problemlikeanasteroid crashor diseaseoutbreak while staying hereon Earth wouldbe much easier and less expensive than surviving ona new planet.Whats more,moving toa newplanet couldharm ordestroy(破坏)anything that already lives there.Mars seemsunsuitable forhumans tolive on,but itcould possiblyhost somelife.Human visitorsmay destroythis lifeorchangethe environmenton Marsforever.What doyou thinkShould humanscolonize outerspace orstay athome
19.In writingParagraph1,thewriterwantsto.A.provide anexplanation B.make acomparison C,reach aconclusion D.introduce adiscussion
20.In Paragraph2,many expertsrecommend colonizingMars inorder to.A.protect humansfrom dyingout B.make Hawkingsdream cometrue C.find morespace forhumans tolive inD.encourage organizationstomakechoices
21.Whats theauthors attitude(态度)towards colonizingMars A.He feelsconfident aboutcolonizing other planets.B.He feelssurprised atcolonizing otherplanets.C.He disagreesto colonizeotherplanets.D.He supportsthe ideaof colonizingotherplanets.
22.Whats thebesttitleofthepassageA.Mars,Our FuturePlanet.B.Moving toa NewPlanet.C.Should WeColonize MarsD.Is moving to Marsthe onlychoice【答案】
19.D
20.A
21.C
22.C【导语】本文主要讨论了人类应该呆在地球还是殖民其他星球【解析】
19.推理判断题根据第一段“Spreading outmay betheonlythingthatsaves usfrom ourselves.I believedthat humansneed toleave Earth”可知,文章开头通过Stephen Hawking的话引出话题故选D
20.推理判断题根据第二段“That way,if anasteroid,a terribledisease,orsomeotherdisasterstrikes Earth,we wouldstill havea chance.“可知,殖民火星是为了保护人类,以免人类灭绝故选A
21.推理判断题根据第四段whilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethansurvivingona newplanet.及“movingtoanewplanet couldharm ordestroy anythingthatalreadylivesthere.”可知,作者不同意移民其他星球这个问题故选C
22.最佳标题题根据最后一段“Should humanscolonize outerspace orstay athome^^结合全文可知主题为“是否移民到火星”故选C(C)In July,2021,China introducedthe“double reduction(双减)“policy.It hopestoreduceschoolwork burden(负担)on primaryand juniorhighschool students.The policycalls forreducing homeworkand after-school classes.According tothepolicy,children belowthe thirdgrade willnot havehomework anymore.It shouldtake nomore than90minutes forjuniorhighschoolstudentsto finishtheirhomework.After-school traininginstitutions(校夕卜培训机构)arenotallowed tooffer extraeducation coursesor advanced(超前的)teaching onweekends,holidays orduring winterand summervacations.One monthhas passedsince thenew semesterbegan.How dostudents feelabout thisnew policy“Our homeworkis clearlyless thanbefore/9said13-year-old ShenYuzhe fromBeijing.We arenot encouragedto buyworkbooks anymore.The exercisesare mainlyfromthetextbook,According toShen,students haveenough timeto processnew knowledgenow.Our teachersarealsogiving usmore chancestodoexperiments andlearnfromreal life/9said Shen.For example,we wentto researchearthworms(蚯蚓)inafield duringa biologyclass.This isa muchbetter waytolearnthings thanjust hittingthe books.^^For13-year-old ZhangHangming fromTianjin,thebestthing about“double reduction^^istheincreased timein after-school activities.We cannow spendmoretimetaking partin clubsand activities,such asdancing,volleyball anddrama.I havejoined agroup calledleadership developmentwhere Ican learnall kindsof skillsbeyond schoolwork,said Zhang.Both ShenandZhangfind thereare fewerexamsnow.But theythink itsnotnecessarilyagoodthing.“Exams pushmetostudy harder.Each examshows myprogress aswellasmy weakpoints JZhang said.。