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专题08阅读理解七选
五一、2022年高考真题
1.(2022年全国甲卷)Important Thingsto KnowWhen DiningOut Culturaldining etiquette(礼节)might surpriseyou withsome ofits importantrules.
36.Knowing sometips willhelp ensurethat you have anenjoyable mealwith friendsor family-no matterwhere you are in the world.Chopstick RulesThe wayyou handlechopsticks isimportant to avoid annoyingyour companions.When youput them down betweenbites,always put them downtogether sothey areparallel with the edgeof thetable infront of you.
37.Hands orUtensils(餐具)In Indiaand theMiddle East,its consideredvery rudeto eat with yourleft hand.People inFrance expectyou to eat with a utensilin eachhand.
38.instead preferringto use their hands.In Chile,you maynever touchany foodwith yourfingers.People inThailand generallyusetheirforks only to pushfood onto their spoons.Making Requests
39.In Portugal,this wouldbe aserious mistake,because itshows thechef that you dont like theirseasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never ask for extracheese to add to your food.Some of these culturaldining etiquetterules mayseem randomand strange,but they are important in variouscountries.
40、the morecomfortable youllbegin tofeel with its foreigncultural practices.A.The morefriends you make in your lifetimeB.The moretime youspend in any givencountry C.Mexicans considerit inappropriateto eatwith utensilsD.Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE.Its a good signfbr thechef if youmakea mess around yourplate F.Never stickthem uprightin your food orcross themas youuse themG.It mayseem likea simple request to ask forsalt and pepper at a meal【语篇导读】本文介绍了不同国家的餐桌礼仪
36.【答案】D【解析】根据文章标题“Important Thingsto KnowWhen DiningOut(外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知,本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情由此可知,D项“Don、getcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeat arestaurant(不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境,其中“atarestaurant”对应标题中的“When DiningOut”,同时引起下文“Knowing sometips willhelp ensurethat you have anenjoyable mealwith friendsor family—no matterwhere you are inWhat isbeing true to yourselfBeing true to yourselfmeans listeningtoyour own thoughtsand feelings.7,then being true to yourself mightmean saying no tofriends whowant you to play.Or iftheres agame that your friendsare doingthat you dont enjoy,then being true to yourself mightmean doingsomething elseinstead.Being true toyourself is when your actionsmatch how you reallyfeel.8When wekeep doing things wedont likeand ignoreour thoughtsand feelings,it canmake us feel uncomfortable,worried orsad.Naomi Richards,a childrenslife coachsaid,Children need to be aware ofwho they are.If childrenhave thisself-awareness then they aremore likelynot tocompromise whenthey arewith other people.
9、and theywill havehealthy self-esteem.^^Sell-esteem ishow you feel about yourself.How canI be true tomyself
10.and beingok withsaying no.Richards explains,You can betrue toyourselfby learninghow to say noand stickingby yourbeliefs9However,she addsthat beingtrue toyourself is also aboutbeing honestwith yourselfand whatyou wantand need.A.If you,re freeand have nothing to do B・All ofus feelpressure tofit in at timesC.When doyou need to betrue toyourself D.Why isit importantto betrue toyourself E.If you want sometime alone,to relaxor reada bookF.They wontbe influencedto dothings theyknow arewrong G.One part of beingtrue toyourself isin how you speakto other people【解析】本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了什么是忠于内心,其重要性,以及如何忠于内心
6.【答案】B[解析]根据上文“Have youever donesomething that you didntreally want to doJust becauseother peoplewere doingit”(你曾经做过一件你不想做的事,只是因为别人在做)和下文“When wedo this,we^enotbeingtrueto ourselves.可知,空处讲的是我们有时候会迫于压力做事情B.All ofusfeelpressure tofit in at times.(我们每个人都有适应的压力)承上启下,故选B
7.【答案】E【解析】根据下文“then beingtruetoyourself mightmean sayingno tofriends whowant youto play.”可知,此空讲的是不想和朋友玩游戏,E.If you want sometime alone,to relaxor reada book(如果你想一个人呆会儿,放松一下或者读本书)引起下文,符合段意,故选E
8.【答案】D【解析】根据下文When wekeep doing things wedon9tlikeand ignoreour thoughtsand feelings,it canmake usfeel uncomfortable,worried orsad.”可知,本段主要讲述对自己诚实的重要性D.Why isit importantto betruetoyourself(为什么对自己诚实很重耍?)符合本段主旨,故选D
9.【答案】F【解析】根据上文“If childrenhave thisseiawareness thenthey aremore likelynot tocompromise whenthey arew汕otherpeople.”可知,下文讲的是孩子的自我意识强F.They wontbe influencedto dothings theyknow arewrong(他们不会受影响去做他们知道是错的事情)承接上文文意,故选F
10.【答案】G【解析】根据小标题“How canI betruetomyself”可知,本段主要意思是对自己诚实根据下文“and beingok withsayingno.(也不介意拒绝别人)可知,此空讲的是对自己诚实的方法G.One part of beingtruetoyourselfisin how you speakto otherpeople(对自己真实的——部分是你对别人说话的方式)承上启下,故选G Passage3(2022・黑龙江齐齐哈尔・二模)We allknow atleast oneperson showsconfidence andgrace(优雅)without workingat it.
11、make sureto avoidthe followingcommon body-language errors.Slouching(佝背)Slouching is a hugeno-no.12・It maybe causedby ourhabit ofsitting infront of computers forlong periods,but assoon as you getup fromyour chair,its time to straightenout thatback.Try squaringoutyourchest slightlywhile keepingyour shouldersback.Weak HandshakingIts programmedin our.minds toconsider somebodywithaweak handshakeas untrustworthy.Unfortunately,theres noway aroundit-you eitherhave afirm handshakeand appeartrustworthy oryou dont.Its nota goodidea tohave acrushing(太用力的)handshake,either.13Rolling YourEyes This is theclassic way of showingdiscomfort oranger.14,but your partner willdefinitely feel offended by your way of lettingthem knowwhat they said isntworth asecond thought.Leaning(倾斜)Back
15.It showsthat yourenot threatening.However,there9safine linebetween leaningback rightand leaningback wrong.If doneincorrectly,youll appearto beuninterested inwhat your partner hasto say.Its betterto playit safeand keepa straightback.A.So try to standstraight B,If you want yourbody to make the same impressionC.Sitting backwarda bit can begood for your conversationD.All culturesare differentin termsof propersocial conductE.But itsone of the mostcommonly madebody-language errorsF.It can feel goodto respond toasilly statementby rollingyour eyesG.You canrespond withsimilar amountof pressurethat yourshaking partnergives【解析1本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲的是一些错误的肢体语言和纠正方法
11.【答案】B【解析】空格前说We allknow atleast oneperson showsconfidence andgrace(优雅)without workingat it.(我们都知道,至少有一个人不用努力就能表现出自信和优雅)“,空格后说“make suretoavoidthe followingcommon body-language errors.(一定要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误)“,这说明空格处应说如果你也想像人家那样就按照下面的做,B选项承上启下,说明如果想让自己也和别人一样优雅就要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误,因此B选项符合语境故选B
12.【答案】E【解析】空格前说“Slouching is a hugeno-no.(佝背是绝对不可以的)”,空格后说“It maybe causedby ourhabit ofsitting infront ofcomputers forlong periods,but assoon as you getup fromyour chair,its time to straightenout thatback.(这可能是由于我们长时间坐在电脑前的习惯造成的,但一旦你从椅子上站起来,就该把背部拉直了广,空格处应说明佝背非常常见,接下来空格后解释原因,因此E选项承上启下,符合语境故选E
13.【答案】G【解析】空格前说Its nota goodidea tohave acrushing(太用力的)handshake,either.(握手时用力过猛也不是个好主意)”,空格处应说正确的握手应该是怎么做,G选项说明了握手的正确的力度,因此G选项承上启下,符合语境故选G
14.【答案】FC【解析】本段主题句是“Rolling YourEyes(翻白眼户,空格后说“but your partner willdefinitely feeloffended byyour wayof lettingthem knowwhat they said isntworth asecond thought.(但你的同伴肯定会因为你让他们知道他们说的话不值得再想而感到被冒犯),but表转折,因此空格处要说的是和eeloffended”相反的内容,F选项表示的内容和空格后的相反,翻白眼只是让自己感觉好,但是却给他人会有不好的感觉,因此F选项承上启下,符合语境故选F
15.【答案】【解析】空格后说“It showsthat yourenot threatening.(这表明你没有威胁性)”,因此空格处应提到一种让你看起来不那么有威胁性的动作,C选项描述的往后坐的动作会让人看起来不那么有威胁性,且其中的“Sitting backward和小标题的“Leaning(倾斜)Back”相呼应,因此C选项引起下文,符合语境故选C Passage4(2022-贵州•——模)If yourea chronicprocrastinator(慢f生拖延者),youre familiarwith thepain andstress thatgoes handin handwith leavingthings to the lastminute.Even if you want to accomplishor finisha task,youre probablyhaving troublegetting started in thefirst place!
16.Start yourday with the hardest tasks.Make yourselfa planin themorning andpick the hardesttaskfirst.Youll bemost energizedin themorning onceyouve eatenbreakfast andwoken upfully.
17.Youll feelbetter onceits done,and thenyou canmove ontoa few easiertasks for the restof theday.
18.It can be astonishingto think about finishinga wholeessay orgetting throughan entireweeks worthof tasks.Instead ofthinking abouteverything youhave to do likeone bigbarrier,break itall down into tiny pieces.Youll be able toget startedon thesmallest crumband goforward fromthere.Tackle yourmost importanttask for15minutes.Instead ofthinking about the totalnumber ofhours youreabout to work for,just start.19・This willdeal withthe fearfactor,and youlllikely spendmuch longerthan15minutes on your taskbefore youstop workingagain.Promise yourselfyoull geta rewardwhen itsdone.Youre probablyscared of the nexthowever manyhours youneed tofinish thistask.Just tellyourself thatwhen itsover,you get to celebratewith oneof yourfavorite things.20A.Write ato-do listto setgoals first.B.Break tasksdown intosmall parts.C.There areseveral waysthat canhelp you.D.Stop punishingyourself forprocrastinating.E.Tell yourselfyouve onlygot todo itfor15minutes.F.Handle yourhardest thingonyourschedule rightthen.G.Use thatexpectation topush yourselfthrough thepain.【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一些帮助克服拖延症的方法
16.【答案】C【解析】根据上文If yourea chronicprocrastinator(慢性拖延者),youre familiarwiththepain andstress thatgoes handin handwith leavingthings tothe lastminute.Even if you want to accomplishor finisha task,youre probablyhaving troublegetting startedin thefirst place!(如果你是一个慢性拖延症患者,你很熟悉把事情拖到最后一分钟所带来的痛苦和压力即使你想完成或完成一项任务,你可能一开始就有困难!厂和下文提到的具体解决方法可知,空处承上启下,说明有办法可以帮助克服拖延症C项符合语境故选C
17.【答案】F【解析】根据段落主题句“Start yourday withthe hardesttasks.(从最难的任务开始你的一天)”可知,本段建议的方法是先做最难的任务,F项中的“hardest thing”和主题句中的“thehardesttasks”对应F项符合语境故选F
18.【答案】B【解析】空处为段落主题句根据下文“Instead ofthinking abouteverything youhave todo likeone bigbarrier,break itall downinto tinypieces”可知,本段主要介绍的方法是把大的任务分解成小任务,B项中的small parts和下文tinypieces”对应B项Break tasksdownintosmall parts.(把任务分解成小的部分)符合语境故选B
19.【答案】E【解析】根据段落主题句Tackle yourmost importanttask for15minutes.(用15分钟解决你最重要的任务广可知,本段介绍的方法是限制时间,E项中的“for15minutes丁与主题句对应E项符合语境故选E
20.【答案】G【解析】根据上文“Just tellyourself thatwhen itsover,you get to celebratewith oneof yourfavorite things.”可知,空处承接上文,说明要用好的期望来激励自己G项符合语境故选Go Passage5(2022•江苏南通•二模)Tea iscurrently the worlds mostpopular drink,only afterwater.However,there was a timewhen tea was knownonly tothe Chinese.21And how did itgettoconquer the world tothe extentthat peopleoften describe something theyreally likeas their“Cup of tea”While weknow thattea drinkstartedin China,its trueorigin remainssomething ofa mystery.Legend hasit thatabout5,000years ago,Shennong cameacross teawhen driedleaves blewinto apot ofboiling water.Following hisdiscovery,tea was used asmedicine,included inmeals andlater offeredas arefreshing drinkto officialsand noblemen.2223over theyears,as teadrinking becamean importantpartofChinas richculture.The greatTang poetDu Fudescribed histea-drinking experiencein poeticlanguage.Lu Yu,a teamaster,wrote TheClassic ofTea,which remainsthe earliestand mostfamous detailedstudy ontea in theworld.It isthen notsurprising that the beautyof tea was eventuallyrevealed toa widerworld.24Porters carryingback-breaking loadsof teabricks madetheir waythrough dangeroussnow-covered mountainpasses,to tradeSichuan andYunnan teafor horses:25As earlyas theTang Dynasty,Japanese monkscame tostudy inChina andtook with them teaseeds andtea-making customswhen returningto Japan.Around the1600s,tea wasshipped toEurope fromChina byPortuguese andDutch seatraders.A.So,howdidtea originateinChinaB.But howwas tea introduced overseasC.Tea becamethe main theme in ancient poems,D.The loveof teainspired manypeople towrite about it,E.Over time,the giftof teawas furtherdelivered toWestern Asiaand EasternAfrica.F.Eventually,it becamea commondrink enjoyedand embracedby allChinese people.G.Tang andSong Dynastiesneeded strongTibetan horses,the TeaHorse Roadwas born.【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要讲述了茶叶的起源及饮茶的历史
21.【答案】A【解析】根据前句However,there wasa timewhen teawas knownonlytothe Chinese.(然而,曾经有一段时间,只有中国人知道茶)以及后句And howdid itgettoconquer theworld tothe extentthat peopleoften describesomething theyreally likeas their“Cup oftea””中的并列连词“and”后有疑问句,所以此处应该也要填疑问句;根据句意可知,此处应该意指“茶的起源工A项符合文意故选A项
22.【答案】F【解析】本段主要在讲述关于茶的起源的一些传说和历史,根据前句“Following hisdiscovery,teawasused asmedicine,included inmeals andlater offeredasarefreshing drinkto officialsand noblemen「可知,此处在讲述刚开始茶是作为官员贵族的饮品,之后饮茶的习惯和文化传播到了普通百姓中F项符合文意故选F项
23.【答案】D【解析】根据后文“Over theyears,as teadrinking becamean importantpartofChinas richculture.The greatTang poetDu Fudescribed histea-drinking experiencein poeticlanguage.Lu Yu,a teamaster,wrote TheClassic ofTea,which remainsthe earliestand mostfamous detailedstudy onteain theworld”可知,该段落主要在讲述许多名人学了许多有关茶的文章诗词D项符合文意故选D项
24.【答案】G【解析】根据后文“Porters carryingback-breaking loadsofteabricks madetheir waythrough dangeroussnow-covered mountainpasses,to tradeSichuan andYunnan teafor horses(搬运工背着沉重的茶砖,穿过危险的雪山关口,用四川和云南的茶叶交换马匹)”可知,该段落主要在讲述茶叶作为重要贸易物资,帮助朝廷和边民交换马匹因此,促成了丝绸之路的诞生G项符合文意故选G项
25.【答案】E【解析】根据后文“As earlyas theTang Dynasty,Japanese monkscame tostudy inChina andtook with them teaseeds andtea-making customswhen returningto Japan.Around the1600s,teawasshipped toEurope fromChina byPortuguese andDutch seatraders.(早在唐代,日本僧人就来中国学习,回国时带着茶籽和泡茶习俗大约在17世纪,葡萄牙和荷兰的海上商人将茶叶从中国运往欧洲)”可知,此处讲述了茶叶传播到了国外E项符合文意故选E项Passage6(2022・北京顺义•二模)When youneed tofind asolution toa designproblem,you couldask yourself“What animalsor plantsface a similar problemin theirlives,and how do theyhandle it26Termites(白蚁)in Africacontrol thetemperature andair currentsin theirnests byhaving thickwalls andair spacesin thetop part.The EastgateCentre inHarare,Zimbabwe wasdesigned ina similarway,with thickoverhangs shadingthe windows,and all the officesconnected toa bigchimney lettinghot airescape.This allowsit tostay coolwhile usingmuch lessair-conditioning.27Engineer Nakatsualso askedhimself the same question28A keenbirdwatcher,Nakatsu realisedthat kingfishersalso experiencean abruptpressure changewhen divinginto the water,but theirbeaks allowthem topierce throughthewatersmoothly.His teamfound thatputting along,pointed noseon thetrain greatlyreduced theloud boomsinthetunnel and allowed it to runfaster.Having a big pictureof theworld welive inalso helpsus understand how technologycan beused toprotect insteadof destroyit.29On the other hand,plastic packagingcreates alot ofwaste andpollution.One companyhas comeup withan alternativematerial madeofcomhusk waste and somebig companiesare startingto useit.30Nakatsu worriesthat childrentoday do not have the opportunityto touchand feelnature.He advisesthat studentsin universityshould studymore thanone narrowfield sothat theydo notjust haveone fixedwayofthinking.A.In nature,everything getsrecycled.B.To mimic(模仿)nature,we mustbe familiarwith it.C.It turnsout thatnatural beautyoften hasa logicalreason behindit.D.Large citiesfull ofpeople areoften comparedto ants,colonies(群).E.This ideawasusedto arrangehundreds ofmirrors ata solarpower plant.F.It couldbe agood solutionforthehot andcrowded citiesin SoutheastAsia too.G.His problemwas that the pressurefrom abullet trainrushing intoa tunnelat highspeed causedloud noises.【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中吸取灵感,以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题
26.【答案】D【解析】根据上文“When youneed tofind asolution toa designproblem,you couldask yourself,“What animalsor plantsface asimilar problemin theirlives,andhowdo theyhandle it””和下文Termites(白蚁)in Africacontrol thetemperature andair currentsin theirnests byhaving thickwalls andair spacesinthetop part.(非洲的白蚁通过在其巢穴顶部有厚壁和空气空间来控制温度和气流)”可知,上文提出遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物,下文则提到了非洲白蚁巢穴的特点由此推知,空处内容应与建筑和蚂蚁相关D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚂蚁的聚居地”符合题意,开启下文,ants呼应下文termites故选D
27.【答案】F【解析】空处位于段末,应承接上文根据上文“The EastgateCentre inHarare,Zimbabwe wasdesigned inasimilarway,with thickoverhangs shadingthe windows,andall the officesconnected toa bigchimney lettinghot airescape.This allowsit tostay coolwhile usingmuch lessair-conditioning.(津巴布韦哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了类似的设计方法,厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户,所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱,让热空气逸出这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽广可知,这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于炎热地带的城市由此推知,空处继续陈述这种设计的应用F项符合题意,also表明上下文的并列关系故选F
28.【答案】G【解析】根据上文“Engineer Nakatsualso askedhimself thesame question.(工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题广推知,空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪音”符合题意,problem是关键词,选项中的his指代Nakatsu故选G
29.【答案】A【解析】根据下文“On the other hand,plastic packagingcreates alot ofwasteandpollution.“中的ntheother hand推知,空处内容与下文形成对照,即空处陈述环保的一方面A项符合题意故选A
30.【答案】B【解析】根据下文“Nakatsu worriesthat childrentoday donot havethe opportunityto touchand feelnature.He advisesthat studentsin universityshould studymore thanone narrowfield sothat theydonotjust haveone fixedwayofthinking.”可矢口,Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触自然,这样就可以熟悉自然,并从中学习一些解决问题的方法B项“要模仿自然,我们必须熟悉它“符合题意,nature是关键词故选B Passage7(2022•广东佛山•二模)Understanding YourFeelings HelpsYou NameAnd Tame(驯服)Them Weall experiencevarious feelingsall the time.Some ofthem feelgreat,some feelunpleasant,and itshelpful to be able to recognizeand understandhow you9re feelingso youknow how to deal withit.31They caninclude anger,sadness,worry,loneliness andshame,as wellas surprise,happiness,courage andhope,among manyothers.32All feelingsare thereto befelt andsome can be moreuncomfortable thanothers.Its OKand naturalto experiencedifferent emotions-and thatincludes emotionsthat mightnot feelnice.To deal with yourfeelings youneedtorecognize what theyare.33Are yourfists clenched(攥紧)?Does itseem liketheres aknot in your stomachNext,pay attention to whatyou9re thinkingat thistime.34Or areyou thinkingthat youreally dontwant todo somethingOnce youhave identifiedhow yourefeeling,you canlabel itby saying,for example,Im feeling angry or“Im feelinglonely”.You canunderstand a difficult feelingand help yourselfto handleit.35If youreupset abouta difficultfeeling,like Imfeeling angry”,you mightcount toten tocalm down.Perhaps younotice Imfeeling nervous”,and you might talkto someoneabout it.The personyou talkto maybe able to give you reassurance,more information,a differentpoint ofview,or evenhelp youtake actionto deal withthecause of your difficultfeeling.A.Experts callthis nameittotame it”.B.How canyou dealwith differentfeelings C.Perhaps youhavethethought,Its notfair
95.D.Feelings arehow peopleexperience emotions.E.First of all,notice whatsgoing onwith yourbody.F.They areshown throughvarious bodymovements,to beginwith.G.Feelings aresometimes labelledas goodor badbut that isnt helpful.【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是处理不太好的感觉的办法
31.【答案】D【解析】空格后说“They caninclude anger,sadness,worry,loneliness andshame,as wellas surprise,happiness,courage andhope,among manyothers.空格处应弓I出各种各样的感觉,D选项“Feelings arehow peopleexperience emotions.(感觉是人们体验情绪的方式)”引出了什么是感觉,后文对其作具体说明,因此D选项引起下文,符合语境,故选D
32.【答案】G【解析】空格后说“All feelingsare thereto befelt andsome canbe moreuncomfortable thanothers.(所有的感觉都可以被感受到,有些感觉可能比其他感觉更不舒服广,说明感觉不分好坏,G选项说明不能简单地说感觉是好或坏,和空后内容呼应,因此G选项承上启下,符合语境,故选G
33.【答案】E【解析】由后文的Next,pay attentionto whatyoure thinkingat thistime.(接下来,注意这个时候你在想什么)”可知,空格处应说“首先该干什么”,E选项“First ofall,notice whafsgoing onwith yourbody.(首先,注意你的身体状况广说明了首先要干什么且其中的“what、going onwith yourbody(你的身体状况)”和空格后的“Are yourfists clenched(攥紧)?Does itseem liketheres aknot in your stomach(你握紧拳头了吗?你的胃好像有点难受吗?广相呼应,空后就是说的身体的情况,因此E选项承上启下,符合语境,故选E
34.【答案】C【解析】空格前说“Next,pay attentionto whatyoure thinkingat thistime.(接下来,注意这个时候你在想什么)”,因此空格处应提到你可能的想法,C选项说明了你的可能的想法,因此C选项承接上文,符合语境,故选C
35.【答案】A【解析】空格后说If youreupset aboutadifficultfeeling,like Tmfeelingangry”,youmightcount toten tocalm down.Perhaps younotice Imfeeling nervous”,and youmight talkto someoneabout it.(如果你因为一种困难的感觉而难过,比如“我很生气”,你可能会数到十来冷静下来也许你注意到“我感到紧张”,你可能会和别人谈论这件事)”,因此这里是在说人如何处理这些感觉,A选项说明了人会识别出感觉,并想办法解决它,因此A选项承上启下,符合语境,故选A Passage8(2022・广东广州•一模)How doesit feelwhen yousolve yourproblem byyourself Thingsmay notalways goas planned,but being resourceful canhelp youstay calmand workyour wayout oftricky situations.Being resourcefulmeans findingsmart andcreative waysto solvea problem,using whateverresources youhave atthe time.36They canalso be anything elsethats useful,such asinformation,advice oryour ownexperience.It alsomeans trustingyour instincts,the abilityyoure bomwith,rather thanthrough trainingand beingconfident aboutyour abilityto facechallenges.A resourcefulperson isnot the one gettingcross orpanicking whensomething goeswrong.Theyre thinkingabout how to solvethe problem.37when welearn toproblem solvefor ourselvesrather thanimmediately goingto othersfor help,it canhelp tobuild ourconfidence,help usfeel moreindependent,and feelbetter aboutmaking decisions.Being resourcefulmay nothelp youavoid problems,but thinkingcreatively about how youcan dealwith themwill makeyou feelless stressedand moreprepared next time.38This canboost self-esteem,that is,how you feel aboutyourself.When yourefacing a challenge,trytofocus on the actualproblem ratherthan how you feel aboutit.Think aboutwhere andwhen ithappened and whatthecauses are.Next,think upas manysolutions tothe problemas youcan.39Finally,review whathas andhasnt worked,so youreequipped todealwitha situationnexttime.And remember,if youhave atricky problemthat youre unable to solve,then aska trustedadult forhelp.40A.You alsolearn whatyoure goodat.B.Here ishow youcanbemore resourceful.C.These maybe practicalthings likepens andpaper.D.No oneis expectedto solveall problemsby themselves.E.Resourcefulness is a skillthafs goodfor youin lotsof ways.F.They canbe famousmottos thatalways inspireus tomove on.G.Weigh upwhats goodand badabout eachone andchoose thebest.【解析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法,要足智多谋,随机应变
36.【答案】F theworld.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方广故选D
37.【答案】F【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知,本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则根据上文“When youputthemdown betweenbites,always putthemdowntogether sotheyareparallel withthe edgeofthetable infront ofyou.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候,一定要把它们放在一起,这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了户可知,此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式由此可知,F项“Never stickthem uprightin yourfood orcross themas youuse them(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中,也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项,符合此处语境,其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”故选F
38.【答案】C【解析】根据本段小标题“Hands orUtensils(餐具)”可知,本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题根据上文“In Indiaand theMiddle East,ifs consideredvery rudeto eatwith yourleft hand.People inFrance expectyoutoeatwitha utensilin eachhand.(在印度和中东,用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferringto usetheir hands(相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知,此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题由此可知,C项“Mexicans considerit inappropriatetoeatwith utensils(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境,与下文形成转折关系故选C
39.【答案】G【解析】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知,本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题根据下文“In Portugal,this wouldbe aserious mistake,because itshows thechef thatyou dontlike theirseasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never askfor extracheese toadd toyourfood.(在葡萄牙,这将是一个严重的错误,因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧同样,在意大利,永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪厂可推知,在一些国家,用餐时提出要求是很无礼的由止匕可矢口,G项“It mayseem likesimplerequestto ask fbr saltandpepperatameal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)“符合此处语境,其中“request”是关键词,说明,在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的故选G
40.【答案】B【解析】根据下文“the morecomfortable you911begin tofeel withits foreigncultural practices.(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知,此处指在一个国家待得越久,就会越习惯当地习俗,且此处是“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,B项“The moretime youspend inany givencountry(你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意,引出下文故选B
2.(2022年全国乙卷)Friendship needscare andattentiontokeep itin goodhealth.Here arefive waysto sustain【解析】根据上——句Being resourcefulmeans findingsmart andcreative waysto solvea problem,using whateverresources youhave atthetime.和下文“They canalso beanything elsethats useful,such asinformation,advice oryourownexperience.(它们也可以是任何其他有用的东西,例如信息、建议或您自己的经验)”上文提到可以使用拥有的任何资源,下文提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”可知,设空处需要第一次例举这些有用的东西结合选项可知,选项F承上启下,符合题意;此处they和空后they指代相同故选F
37.【答案】E【解析】挖空处在段首,有可能是段落的主旨句而后面“・・・it canhelp tobuild ourconfidence,help usfeel moreindependent,and feelbetter aboutmaking decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心,帮助我们感到更独立,在做决定时感觉更好广及“Being resourcefulmay nothelp youavoid problems,but thinkingcreatively about how youcan dealwiththemwill makeyoufeelless stressedand moreprepared nexttime.”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处,E选项意思就是resourcefulness能带来很多好处故选E
38.【答案】A【解析】该段首句说的是“beingresourceful”会对你有好处,前面两句”...itcanhelp tobuild ourconfidence,help usfeel moreindependent,and feelbetter aboutmaking decisions.”及“Being resourcefulmay nothelp youavoid problems,but thinkingcreatively abouthowyoucan dealwiththemwill makeyoufeelless stressedand moreprepared nexttime.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题,但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小,下次准备更充分广具体列举了“being resourcefill”带来的好处,A选项契合下一句This canboost selfesteem,thatis,howyoufeelaboutyourself.这能提高自尊心这是又一个好处,A项最符合语境故选A
39.【答案】G【解析】该段在讨论遇到困难时,要专注于问题本身,并列出了具体的步骤上一句“Next,think upas manysolutions tothe problemas youcan.(接下来,想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题厂讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”,G选项填到此处最合适故选G
40.【答案】D【解析】上——句“And remember,ifyouhave atricky problemthatyou,reunable tosolve,then aska trustedadult forhelp.(记住,如果你有一个棘手的问题,你无法解决,然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助厂表示自己实在解决不了,你还可以求助其他人,D选项与上文意义一致故填D(保持)long-distance friendships.•Set aregular dateLong-lasting friendshipsshare thecharacteristic thatboth sidesequally contact(联系)and sharewith oneanother.With busyschedules,squeezing inphone callscanbea challenge.36•More isntalways merrierMake sureyouhavecommunicated with your friendabouthowfrequently eachofyouwants to be contactedand whatmethod worksbest for you both.
37.There are alternatives toconstant writtencommunication,such asleaving voicemessages orhaving agroup chat.•Practise empathy(共情)
38.The friend who isremaining needs to besensitive toalltheadditional timedemands placedon thefriend whohas moved.The oneinthenew environmentshould besympathetic tothe factthatyour friend mayfeel abandoned.・39Anniversaries andbirthdays carryeven moreweight inlong-distance friendships.Although technologymight makeday-to-day communicationpossible,extra effortgoes along wayon specialdays.Simply keepinga diarythat keepstrack offriends1birthdays andother importantdates willmake surenothing slipsbyyou.•Dont relyon technologyalone40,but long-distance friendships-even closeones-may requiremore consciouseffort tosustain.Try toseek outchances torenew friendships.How todo itJust spendface-to-face timetogether wheneverpossible.A.Remember importantdates B.Compensate bywriting lettersC.It isalso helpfulfor youtobea friendshipkeeper D.Try tofind atime thatworks forboth ofyou andstick toit E.Friends needto talkabout theirpreferred methodsof communicationF.It iseasy tohave asense ofconnectedness throughsocial mediaG.You maybe thefriend wholeft orthe onewho wasleft behind[语篇导读】本文主要介绍了如何维持和呵护维持异地友谊【答案及解析】
36.D【解析】根据前面With busyschedules,squeezing inphone callscanbeachallenge.在繁忙的日程中,挤时间打电话可能是一个挑战可知,此空与时间有关,故D项试着找到一个适合你们两个人的时间并坚持下去,与其意义相符,故选D
37.E【解析】根据前面一句Make sureyouhavecommunicated withyourfriendabouthowfrequently eachofyouwants tobe contactedandwhatmethod worksbest foryou both.确保你已经与你的朋友已经沟通过关于你们每个人希望被联系的频率,以及什么方法对你们双方都最有效可知,E项Friends needto talkabout theirpreferred methodsof communication朋友们需要说出他们喜欢的交流方式,与互为解释关系,故故E
38.G【解析】根据小标题Practise empathy做到共情,和后面一句The friend who isremaining needs tobesensitive toalltheadditional timedemands placedon thefriendwhohas moved.留下来的朋友需要敏感地认识到对搬家的朋友提出的所有额外时间要求可知,G项You maybe thefriendwholeft ortheonewho wasleft behind你可能是那个离开的朋友,也可能是那个被留下的人,与上下文其意义相符,故选G
39.A【解析】根据设空位置可知,此处为主旨大意题,第二句是对此空的解释说明本段主要介绍Anniversaries andbirthdays cairyeven moreweight inlong-distance friendships.在远距离的友谊中,纪念日和生日的分量甚至更重Anniversaries和birthdays都是重要的日期,故A项记住重要的日期符合段意,故选A
40.F【解析】根据后面一句but long-distance friendships-even closeones-may requiremore consciouseffort tosustain.但远距离的友谊一即使是亲密的友谊一可能需要更多有意识的努力来维持可知,前句与其构成转折关系,故F项It iseasy tohave asense ofconnectedness throughsocial media通过社交媒体很容易有一种联系的感觉,与上下文其意义相符,故选F
3.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)Fitness Magazinerecently ranan articletitled FiveReasons toThank YourWorkout Partner.”One reasonwas:“Youll actuallyshow upifyouknow someoneis waitingforyouatthegym,“while anotherread:36With a workout partner,you willincrease yourtraining effortas thereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyou findaworkout partner First ofall,decide whatyouwantfrom that person.37Or doyou justwant tobe physically fit,able tomove withstrength andflexibility Thinkabouttheexercises youwould liketodowithyour workoutpartner.You mightthink aboutposting whatyouarelooking foron socialmedia butit probablywont resultinauseful response.38If youplan onworking outinagym,that personmust belongtothesame gym.My partnerposted herrequest onthe noticeboard ofa localpark.Her noticeincluded whatkind oftraining shewanted todo,how manydays aweek andhow manyhours shewanted tospend oneach session,and herage.It alsolisted herfavorite sportsand activities,and providedher phonenumber.39You andyour partnerwill probablyhave different skills.40Over timeboth ofyou will benefit—yourpartnerwill beabletolift moreweights andyou willbecome morephysically fit.The core(核心)of yourrelationship isthatyou will alwaysbe thereto helpeach other.A.Your firstmeeting maybealittle awkward.B.A workoutpartner usuallyneedstolive closeby.C.Youll workharder ifyou trainwith someoneelse.D.Do youwanttobeabetter athletein yourfavorite sportE.How canyou writeagoodseeking training partner noticeF.Just acceptyour differencesand learnto workwith eachother.G.Any noticefor atraining partnershould includesuch information.【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴
35.【答案】C【解析】根据前文“Fitness Magazinerecently ranan articletitled FiveReasons toThank YourWorkout Partne.One reasonwas:“Youll actuallyshow upifyouknow someoneis waitingforyouatthegymJ(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章一个理由是“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就会去锻炼可知,这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由第一个理由是“YouR…if,的结构,根据句式一致的原则,可优先看选项Co在根据句意,C选项正是另一个理由,所以选择项C“Youll workharder ifyou trainwith someoneelse.(如果你和别人一起训练,你会更努力广符合上下文语境故选C
36.【答案】D【解析】根据前文“Firstofall,decide whatyouwantfrom thatperson.(首先,决定你想从那个人身上得到什么o)和后文Or doyou justwanttobe physicallyfit,abletomove withstrength andflexibility(或者你只是想要身体健康,能够移动的力量和灵活性),根据关键信息“Or”以及“or”后面的问句,可确定空格处应该也是一个类似结构的问句,可确定答案在DE中根据内容,空格处应该填写反问自己结伴锻炼的目的所以选择项D“Do youwanttobeabetter athleteinyourfavorite sport(你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗)“符合上下文语境故选D
37.【答案】B【解析】根据前文“You mightthinkaboutposting whatyouarelooking foron socialmedia,but probablywont resultinauseful response.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西,但可能不会得到有用的回应)和后文“If youplan onworking outinagym,thatpersonmust belongtothesame gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼,那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知,选择的伙伴应该是同一个地区的,或者离的比较近所以选择项B“A workoutpartner usuallyneedstolive closeby.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近户符合上下文语境故选B
39.【答案】E【解析】根据前文“My partnerposted herrequest onthe noticeboard ofa localpark.Her noticeincluded whatkind oftraining shewanted todo,how manydays aweek andhow manyhours shewanted tospend oneach session,and herage.It alsolisted herfavorite sportsand activities,and providedher phonenumber.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼,每周多少天,每次培训要花多少小时,以及她的年龄它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动,并提供了她的电话号码厂可知,本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例,说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息所以选择项G“Any noticefor atrainingpartnershould includesuch information.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告者E应包括这些信息)中的notice”以及“such informatiorT符合上下文语境故选G
40.【答案】A【解析】根据前文“You andyourpartnerwill probablyhave differentskills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time,both ofyou willbenefit-yourpartnerwillbeabletolift moreweights andyou willbecome morephysicallyfit.(久而久之,你们双方都会受益----------------你的伴侣会举起更多的重量,你也会变得更健康广可知,“differentskills”和“both ofyouwillbenefit”暗示要学会求同存异,一起合作,共同提高所以选择项FJust acceptyour differencesand learnto workwith eachother.(接受你们的不同,学会彼此合作)“符合上下文语境故选Fo
4.(2022年1月浙江卷)I havethesame24hours ina dayasyoudo,but I have madespecific choicethat allowmetomake the most of every dayand stillfeel happyand relaxed.11Pick the most important.12Focus onspending timethat foryou isfun andproductive.I chosethe life of anadviser becauseI liketoworkwith companies,but dontwant thelifeofa bigcompany CEO.My choicesare basedonthelifestyle Iwant.Combine youractivities.Many peoplego crazytrying tofigure outhowtospend timewith friendsfamily,work,play,etc.13Find waysto enjoythem ina combinedmanner.Build yoursocial lifearound peopleyourworkenvironment.Find peopleinyourcompany whoshare commoninterests anddevelop yourcareer(职业)around thepeople andactivities youlove.14You wouldthink learningtakes moretime fromyou,but actuallythere are always newways ofdoingthingsthat cansave youtime ondaily tasks,freeing youup forthe most important.Always belooking fora newway togain backan hourhere orthere.Lighten up.The worldwont cometo anend inmost casesjust becauseyou lefta fewthings undone.Celebrate progressand keeprefining(改进)toward ahappy productiveexistence.15Every completionisasmall victorythat addsup ina bigway.A.Speed up.B.Be anactive learner.C.Stop trying to balancetime betweenthem all.D.Make choicesabout what is meaningful inyourlife.E.The thingsyoudowell usuallygiveyougreater joy.F.Perhaps thesetips willhelp youmake the most ofyour time.G.Thisiswhy making lists isimportantinany productivityhandbook.【分析】本文是说明文作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议
11.【答案】F【解析】上文“Ihavethesame24hours ina dayasyoudo,but1have madespecific choicethat allowmetomake themost ofevery dayand stillfeel happyand relaxed.(我和你——样,每天者、有24小时,但我做了具体的选择,让我充分利用每一天,仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择,充分利用每一天,但仍旧感到快乐和轻松,根据下文段落小标题可知,下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议,因此空格处应是承上启下,F项中的“helpyoumake themost ofyour time”与上文tomakethemostofeveryday一致,tips”引出下文的建议,因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境,承上启下故选艮
12.【答案】D【解析】根据段落标题“Pick themostimportant.”可知,本段建议挑选最重要的,下文“Focus onspending timethat foryou isfun andproductive.(把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做,D项中的“whatismeaningfulinyourlife”与标题中的“themostimportant”一致,下文是对“Make choices”具体解释因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境故选D
13.【答案】C[解析]上文“Many peoplego crazytryingtofigure outhowtospend timewith friends,family,work,play,etc.(许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友,家庭,工作,娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间,下文“Find waysto enjoythem ina combinedmanner]找到一种结合的方式来享受它们厂说明可以把事情组合在一起享受,因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系,说明不要试图均衡时间,C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境故选C
14.【答案】B【解析】空格处为段落小标题根据下文“You wouldthink learningtakes moretime fromyou,but actuallythere arealways newways ofdoingthingsthat cansave youtime ondaily tasks,freeing youup forthemostimportant.Always belooking fora newway togain backan hourhere orthere.Always belooking fora newway togain backan hourhere orthere.(你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间,但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间,为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法户可推断,本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间,但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情,因此要做有效的学习者因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题,故选B
15.【答案】G【解析】下文“Every completionisasmall victorythat addsup inabigway.(每——次的完成者K是一个小的胜利,累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做,G项中的“makinglists”与之呼应,因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境,this指代上文“The worldwont cometo anend inmost casesjust becauseyou leftafewthings undone.Celebrate progressand keeprefining(改进)toward ahappy productiveexistences在大多数情况下,世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日庆祝进步,不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)“解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因故选G
二、2022届模拟题Passage1(2022・湖南湘潭•三模)How toRespond whenSomeone JudgesYou Dealingwith judgmentfrom otherpeople canbe tough,especially whenits coming from afriend,family member,or colleague.Judgmental peopleare unavoidable,but youcan easilydealwiththeir criticismusing positivityand compassion.Rid yourselfofthejudgment.Remember thata judgmentalpersons wordsareareflection oftheir ownbeliefs-and notyours.Critical peoplecriticize themselvesmore thananyone else.
1.Be sympathetic.Practice sympathyto understandthe sourceof thispersons judgment.It couldbe thatthey werejudged byparents,family,or friends,in whichcase thispersons criticalattitude wouldbesomethingthey leamed(and notnecessarily intentional).While thatdoesnt excusetheir behavior,having sympathycan informyour response.Say thingslike“2J or“I see where youre comingfrom,but...”when yourespondtosomeones judgment.Ask forclarification.
3.Ask thisperson toexplain whattheysaid,and findout theirmotivation forsaying itYou couldask then,What areyou tryingto sayIf youhave constructivecriticism,Im opento hearingit“That way,youre givingtheotherperson agentle reminderto phrasetheir wordsconstructively.
4.Be politebut firmwhen youcall outjudgmental people.If somebodycrosses aline andmakes youfeel criticized,tell themhowyoufeel.If someoneis givingyou criticismyou didntaskfbr,you couldsay,
5.and Ihave aplan thatworks for me.”A.Stop talkinglike thisB・Set boundariesintheconversation C,I understandwhy youfeel thatway D.I feellike Ineedtodealwiththis inmy wayE.I knowyouwantto talkbut thisisasensitive subjectformeF.Judgmental peoplemay notknow theyrebeing rudeor unreasonableG.So thejudgment theypass isntactually aboutyou,though itcanfeelpersonal【解析】这是一篇说明文处理来自他人的判断可能会很困难,尤其是来自朋友、家人或同事的判断爱评头论足的人是不可避免的,但你可以用积极的态度和同情心轻松地应对他们的批评文章主要说明了一些应对他人批评的方法
1.【答案】G【解析】根据上文“Rid yourselfofthejudgment.Remember thata judgmentalpersons wordsareareflection oftheir ownbeliefs-and notyours.Critical peoplecriticize themselvesmore thananyone else”可知,上文提至仁爱批评的人批评自己多于批评别人”,故本句与上文构成因果关系,指出爱批评的人实际上针对的是谁,故G选项“所以他们的评判实际上不是针对你的,尽管它可能会让人觉得是针对你的符合语境,故选G
2.【答案】C【解析】根据上文“While thatdoesnt excusetheir behavior,having sympathycan infonnyour response.(虽然这不能成为他们行为的借口,但同情可以让你的反应更有意义广以及后文力seewhereyourecomingfrom,but…(我明白你的意思,但是)”可知,本句是在列举表达同情的话语,故C选项“我理解你为什么这么想”符合语境,故选C
3.【答案】F【解析】根据后文“Ask thisperson toexplain whattheysaid,and findout theirmotivation fbrsaying it.You couldask then,“What areyou tryingtosayIf youhave constructivecriticism,Im opento hearingit.That way,youre givingtheotherperson agentle reminderto phrasetheir wordsconstructively.(请这个人解释他们说了什么,并找出他们这么说的动机你可以问“你想说什么?如果你有建设性的批评意见,我愿意听取”这样,你就给了对方一个温和的提醒,让他们用建设性的方式来表达)”可知,后文主要说明了通过建设性的方式来表达给对方的提醒,说明爱评头论足的人要靠他人来提醒自己的无礼故F选项“爱评头论足的人可能不知道自己很粗鲁或不讲理”符合语境,故选F
4.【答案】B【解析】根据后文Be politebut firmwhenyoucall outjudgmental people.If somebodycrosses aline andmakes youfeel criticized,tell themhowyoufeel.可知,后文列举的情景说明在对话中要设定一些界限,B选项中boundaries对应后文中line故B选项“在对话中设定界限”符合语境,故选B
5.【答案】D【解析】根据上文If someoneis givingyou criticismyou didntaskfor,you couldsay(如果有人在你没有要求的情况下批评你,你可以说)”以及后文“and Ihave aplan thatworks forme.(我有一个适合我的计划广可知,本句是在列举对待别人批评的话语,结合后文可知与自我处理事情的方式有关,故D选项“我觉得我需要用我自己的方式来处理这件事”符合语境,故选D Passage2(2022・四川•石室中学模拟预测)Have youever donesomething thatyou didntreally wanttodo,just becauseotherpeoplewere doingit
6.When wedo this,were notbeingtrueto ourselves.。