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现在完成时用法详解
1.现在完成时的定义现在完成时既可表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响此时通常连用的时间状语有already,yet,just,ever,before,也可表示动作从过去某时间开始,一直持续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去此时通常连用的时间状语有this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in thepast few+时间段,since+时间点,for+时间段如I havejust finishedmy work.我把工作做完Have youever been to Beijing你曾经去过北京吗?I havelived forten years.我在这儿住了十年了We havestudied here since
2003.我们自2003年来就在这儿读书了
2.现在完成时的结构现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成
3.现在完成时的应用1非持续性动词go,come,leave,borrow,buy,die,join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词如He hasleft.他走了from www.hxen.com He has beenaway foran hour.他走了一个小时了My grandpa for.4The meetingfinished atsix.The meetingfor sixhours.5I gotto sleeptwo hours ago.I sinee.6They marriedin
1990.The ys ince.6start/begin todo sth.f dosth.begin f be on1I beganto teachat this school in
1995.I atthisschoolsince.2The filmbegan twominutes ago.The filmfor.©borrow fkeep lose f nothave buyf haveput onf wearcatch/get acold—have acold get to know-know1They borrowedit last week.They itsinee.2I boughta pentwo hours ago.I apen for3I gotto knowhim last year.I himsinee4I puton myglasses threeyears ago.I myglasses for
⑧have/has gone to fhave been in1He has gone to Beijing.He Beijingfor twodays.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army―be aleague/a Partymember/a soldier―be amember ofthe league/the Party—be inthe league/the Party/the army1He joined theleaguein
2002.He afor two years.H ea thef or two years.lie theleague for two years.2)My brotherjoinedthearmy twoyears ago.My brotheraforMy brotherin for twoyears.
3.汉译英1)这本字典我已买了三年了2)他离开中国三年了3)我认识他们已经10年了4)他们已去了美国五年了5)自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了6)他们已经结婚10年7)我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年了8)这会已开了多长时间了?9)这门已经关了两天了10)我入团2年了I twoyears ago.I afor twoyears.I ao ffortwoyears.I thefortwoyears.11自从1999年以来他们就认识12我来到农场已5年了
4.划线提问1I have been there fortwodays.you92My fatherhas lived heresince
2000.your father9*3He lefthere yesterday.he4They boughta booktwo hoursago.they abook
3.have been in,have been to与have gone to的用法
一、have has beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,how long等例如Mr.Brown hasbeeninShanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了此外还有这些搭配:havebeen here there/at homeschool/on thefarm havebeenherethere/abroad
二、have hasbeen to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了可与just,ever,never等连用,例如I havejust been to thepost office.我冈U才去邮局了Mary hasnever beento theGreat Wall.玛丽从未去过长城Have youever beento Hangzhou你曾经去过杭州吗?have hasbeento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次例如I havebeentoBeijing threetimes.我去过4匕京三次They havebeentothat villageseveral times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了
三、have has gone to意为“到某地去了,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第
一、第二人称代词作句子的主语例如---Where isTom-----He hasgoneto the bookshop.汤姆在哪里他到书店去了Jack Johnsonhasgoneto London.杰克•约翰逊到伦敦去了练习I.用have hasbeen或have hasgone填空A:Where LiFei B:He to Hainan Island.A:How longhe thereB:He therefor threedays.A:When willhe comeback,do youknow B:Pm afraidhe wont comeback recently.A:Could youtell methe waytoHainanIsland继续阅读Can Iborrow thatbook我可以借那本书吗?How longcan Ikeep the book这本书我可借多久?注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用如He hasnot borrowedthe booksince then.从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了2have/hasbeento表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have/hasgoneto表示现在已去某地,现在不在这儿如He hasbeentoCanada,but nowhe isworking inour company.他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作Mr.Li isnot at home.He hasgonetoShanghai.李先生不在家,他去上海了3完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问句常用yet,但若already用于疑问句时,表示一种出乎意外的惊讶如Have youread italready你就看完了?
4.现在完成时与其他时态的区别1现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调动作的结果或对现在的影响,属于现在时的范畴;一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间,属于过去时的范畴因此,过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用,而现在完成时不能与过去时间连用如I read thebooktwo weeksago.我两周前读了这本书I havereadthebook fortwo weeks.这本书我读过两周了from www.hxen.com2现在完成时与现在进行时:现在完成时强调动作持续到现在或刚结束;而现在进行时只强调目前的状态如They havetalked forabout twohours.他们谈了大约两个小时强调动作的持续They aretalking.他们在谈话强调目前的状态现在完成时的构成:主语+助动词have has+过去分词时间状语already,never,ever,just,yet,since+过去时间点,since+从句,for+段时间…意义:L表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果例如I havejust cleanedmy clothes.我刚洗过衣服“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”
2.过去发生的事情一直持续到现在而且继续延续下去I havelived herefor threeyears.I havelivedheresince threeyears ago.我已经住在这儿三年了而且有可能继续住下去现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去试比较The planehas arrived.飞机已经来了(说明现在的情况飞机在这儿)The planearrived aquarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的(强调动作发生的时间在过去)I havetaught herefor fifteenyears.我在这儿已经教了十五年(表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续)I taughtherefora year.我过去在这儿教过一年(表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了)从构成上分析现在完成时与现在进行时基本上相同现在进行时He is playing basketball now.主语+助动词(be)+现在分词+其它现在完成时I haveseen thisfilm.主语+助动词(havehas)+过去分词+其它句子本身具有助动词的,所有的变化围绕助动词变化而且动词的形式不变现在进行时He isplaying basketball now.一般疑问句Is heisplayingbasketballnow.否定句He isnt playingbasketballnow..所以现在完成时一般疑问句和否定句变化一目了然一般疑问句Have youseen thisfilm否定句I havent seen thisfi Im.句子本身不具有助动词的,所有的变化就要借助动词完成而且动词的形式要还原如一般现在时第三人称单数He often goes to school on foot.一般疑问句Does heoftengo toschool onfoot.否定句He doesnt oftengotoschoolonfoot..过去时He boughta car last year.一般疑问句Did hebuy a carlast year否定句He didnt buyacarlastyear.现在完成进行时:过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去这种情况更确切的表达就是现在完成进行时如他滑冰已经三个小时了Hehasbeen skating for three hours.结构:主语+助动词(have、has)+been+现在分词+其它从结构上讲它是现在进行时与现在完成时的一个综合体因为句子本身具有助动词的,所有的变化围绕助动词变化而且动词的形式不变所以现在完成进行时的一般疑问句和否定句变化一目了然一般疑问句Has hebeen skatingforthreehours否定句He hasnt beenskatingforthreehours.练习用过去时或现在完成时填空:u
1.“youhave lunch”Yes.”“When youhaveit”“Ihave itat12:
00.”
2.“youwrite aletter toyour auntyet”“Yes,I,Iwrite onelastweek.”
3.“hefinish hishomework”“Not yet.”
4.they everbeabroad”“Yes,just once.”
5.Your fatherjustfinish his work.
6.Your fatherfinishhisworkjust now.
7.Last termIlearn manyEnglish words.
8.Theynot readthe interestingbooks yet.
9.He nevergoto thescience museum.
10.you everdrinkcoke
11.“youbuy adictionary”Yes,I,,u Whereyoubuy it“I buyit ina bookstore.”“When youbuyit”“Yesterday.”注意
1.Since和for的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for,since,how long,so far,these days等Since+过去点的时间,for+一段时间数词+量词,此划线部分用how long提问
一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点如Mr.Smith hasworked heresince
1984.1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作He slearned about5,000English wordssince hewent tocollege.他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词
二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段如We haveknown eachother fortwenty years.我]认识有二十年了I haven,tseenher fora longtime.我好久没有见到她了
2.短暂性转换延续性:现在完成时肯定句中若与段时间连用动词必须用延续性动词注意下列非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换
①arrive at/in sw.getto/reach sw.come/go/move tosw.一be insw./at school/athome/on thefarm/be here/be there1He gottoBeijingfive minutesago.He Beijingfor2I movedtotheUSA lastyear.I theUSA since3I wenthome yesterday.I homefor4They camehere lastweek.They heresinee.
②come/go back,return—be backcome/go out—be out1He cameout twoyears ago.He for2We returnto Fuzhouyesterday.We toFuzhou since
③become—be1I becamea teacherin
2000.I ateacher for2The riverbecame dirtylastyear.The riverdirty for
④close f be closedopen f be open1The shopclosed twohoursago.The shopfor2The dooropened atsix inthe morning.The doorfor sixhours.
⑤get upf beup diefbedead leavesw.fbeaway fromsw.fall asleep/g ettot sleepfbeasleep finish/end fbe overmarry-be married1I gotup twohoursago.I sinee2He leftFuzhou justnow.He Fuzhoufor fiveminutes.3My grandpadied in
2002.。