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人称代词与物主代词一,人称代词
1.人称代词的格人称代词的格指的是其主格和宾格两种形式主格就是指代词做主语时所用的形式;宾格则是在句子中做宾语所用的形式使用宾格有几种情况
1.动词,介词之后The LunarNew Yearwas alwaysa happytime forus Chinesechildren.Friends canmake ushappy.
2.做表语What wouldyou doif youwere him
3.单独使用Most of the homeworkwas doneby twomembers of the family,my motherand me.
4.在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以He is older thanme/L
2.人称代词的其他情况
1.当说话者不清楚或没必要清楚对象的性别时,可以用It表示Its alovely baby.Is ita boyor agirl
2.人称代词也可用作为名词Its nota she;its ahe.
3.代词they不分性别指代已经提过的一些人或事The Brownsphoned.Theyre cominground thisevening二,物主代词
1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词其分类如下形容词性物主代名词性物主代词词第一人称my mine第二人称your yours单Ills his数第三人称her hersits its第一人称our-ours复数第二人称your yours第三人称their theirs
2.这两类代词用法的最大区别是:形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质和作用,作定语,修饰名词;名词性物主代词具有名词性质和作用,本身就可以做主语、表语或宾语.换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词,而名词性物主代词后面不得加名词.
1.Is thisyour football,boys-No,it is not ours.Your作定语,置于football之前,ours作表语,置于is之后
2.Our schoolis here,and theirsis there.Our作定i吾,置于school之前,theirs作主语,置于is之前
3.注意1形容词性的物主代词可作动名词的定语Would youmind myopening thewindows
2.名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用构成双重所有格a/an/this/that/That carof mineis alwaysbreaking down.3These/those/some/any/no/every/each/another…+名词+of+名词性物主代词Some friendsof minewill attendmy party.不定代词一,表两者或多者的不定代词都都不任一两者both neithereither多者all noneany注意1all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指两者“都”⑵neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,either指两者之中的任何一个⑶none表示三个或三个以上“都不可用于人,也可用于物,用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,或用于never,hardly,without,if/whether等词之后练习
1.Mr.Alcott refusedto accept任彳可ofthethree suggestionsmade bythe studentsUnion.
2.There aremany treeson side=sides ofthe street.
3.者E不ofthetwo carsis mine.
4.his handswere wounded.
5.He hadlost histemper and his healthin thewar andnever foundof themagain.注意主谓一致
1.表示两者
①either-----肯定含义-----作主语时谓语动词用单数Either ofthe booksis popularwith thestudents.
②neither---否定含义--作主语时谓语多用单数Neither ofthe twinsis correct.
③both—肯定含义-----作主语时谓语动词用复数Both areright.=Both ofthem areright.
④either...or/neither...nor连接两个主语时,谓语适用就近原则Either youor yourmother likesswimming.Neither younor sheis good at drawing.Both与and构成并列连词,做主语时谓语用复数Both heandhisbrother aregoodatEnglish.
2.表示多者
①none-----否定含义------其后可接of短语,可指人指物,作主语时如和f连用指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,指可数名词时,谓语动词用单复均可None ofthis moneybelongs tome.None ofthem has/have seenme before.
②any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个,表示“任何”意义的时候后面接单数可数名词;表示“一些”意义的时候后面可接可数名词复数形式Take anybook youwant.There arentany studentsin theclassroom.
③all:三者或三者以上全部;代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数,代替复数可数名词时,谓语用复数All enjoythemselves.Now allhas beenchanged.注意全部肯定/全部否定/部分否定
①全部肯定al1/both/everyone/everybody/everything/every+^;词Everyone wouldlike towatch youpractice.I knowboth ofthem.
②全部否定no one/none/nobody/nothing/neither/not...any/no+^词There isnobody in the readingroom.None of that moneyon thetable ismine.Neither ofthem cansing verywell.
③部分否定not+全部肯定、everywhere/always/altogether Allthat glistersis notgold.=Not allthat glistersis gold.You cannot foolall thepeople allthe time.Both methods are notpractical.=Not bothmethodsarepractical.二,表另外的不定代词other/others/the other/another lother意为“其他的”,其后常接可数名词复数形式,如果前面有the,some,any,each,every,no以及形容词性物主代词,也可以与可数名词单数连用Do youhave anyother questions2others意为“其他的人或物”,相当于other+复数名词”,可构成some...others...一叱另一叱Some peopletake greatpleasure inhelping andgiving someoneelse whileothers feelhappy doingthe opposite.3the other有两种常见用法
①the other意为“其他的”,其后常接可数名词复数形式,也可接不可数名词,表示特指概念;
②the other意为“两者中的另一个”,常用于one…the other…”结构He hastwo daughters.One is a nurse,the otheris aworker.Mary ismuch tallerthan theother girls.4another意为“又/再・・・・・.”,指三者或三者以上中的另一个常用于“another+基数词+名词”结构该结构相当于“基数词+more+名词”If Ichoose totake the next bus,I wouldhave towait foranother30minutes.三,表每一的不定代词each everyleach强调个体,而every则强调整体,与all相当因此,与almost,nearly,without exception等连用时,可用every,不能用each.Every studentin ourclass hasa dictionary.定语,强调班上“所有的人Each studentin ourclass hasa dictionary.定语,强调各个个体2each可指两者,而every则不能He hada cuton eachfoot.3each还可用作代词,而every只能用作形容词,且只能作定语Each hashis advantages.Every childin theclass passedthe exam
(4)every可表示“每(隔)”,但each不能The OlympicGames isheld everyfour years.四,表一些的不定代词some any
(1)some用于肯定句中,或用于建议、请求、邀请的疑问句中,或用于希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中,也用于表示反问的否定疑句中Would youlike somemore bananas
(2)any用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,或用于never,hardly,without,if/whether等词之后Pd beenexpecting someletters thewhole morning,but therewerent anyfor me.(全国)五,复合不定代词(something/anything/nothing)注意⑴复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数Everything isgood whennew,but friendswhen old.东西是新的好,朋友是老的荥O⑵修饰复合不定代词的形容词要位于后面something important重要的事
(3)something,somebody/someone,anything还可作名词,意为“重要的事情(或人物广His wifeis nowsomebody intelevision.
(4)一些固定搭配all but(差不多),anything but(根本不),nothing but(只不过,仅仅),none but(仅仅,只有)指示代词反身代词一,指示代词的用法1)作主语This isthe wayto doit.2)作宾语I likethis better than that.3)作表语My pointis this.4)作介词宾语I dontsay noto that.There isno fearofthat.注意事项
(1)this和these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that和those是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用This isa pen and thatisapencil.We arebusy thesedays.In thosedays theworkers hada hardtime2that和those指前面讲到过的事物;this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物I hada cold.Thats whyI didntcome.What Iwant tosay isthis;pronunciation isvery importantin learningEnglish.3有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替Television setsmade in Beijing arejust asgood asthose madein Shanghai.4this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方,不用I或you Hello!This isMary.Is thatJack speaking⑸this和that还可表示程度,意为“如此,那么,相当于so,作状语The endingisnotthat satisfactory.二,反身代词的用法
1.作宾语1动宾Tom taughthimself Chinese.2介宾The boyisoldenough totake careof himself.
3.用作表语I amnot myselftoday.
4.用作同位语The thingitself isnot important.
5.在不强调的情况下,but,except,for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可No onebut myselfme ishurt.注意1反身代词本身不能单独作主语Myself drove the car.错I myselfdrovethecar.对2但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself作主语Charles andmyself sawit.查尔斯和我看见了这件事三,替代词l.it表同类同物表单数Yesterday,I boughta football,but nowI cant findit.
2.one表同类但不同物,表单数,可用形容词修饰,泛指There aremany TVsets inthe store;Would youlike totake onea TVset
3.ones表同类但不同物,表复数,可用形容词修饰,泛指I dont likegreen apples;I likered ones.
4.the one表同类但不同物,表特指,表单数The bridgemade ofstone ismuch strongerthan theone madeof wood.
5.that表同类但不同物,指代单数或不可数The boytold mehis storyand thatof hissister s.The populationof Chinais largerthan thatof anyother countryin Asia.
6.the ones/those表同类不同物,表特指,表复数The bookson the desk arebetterthanthe ones/those underthedeskit的用法一,it用作实词
1、指前面已提过的事物、想法或情况等e.g.He sentme apenandI likedit verymuch.
2、性别不明或不重要的人或动物e.g.The babyis crying.It mustbe hungry.
3、在语境中确认的某人或某事物e.g.-Who isit overthere-It maybe Mr.Li.二,it用作虚词
1、指时间、天气、距离、环境等e.g.It s5kilometers fromhere tomy school
2、形式主语或形式宾语,真正的主语或宾语是后面的不定式、动名词或从句e.g.It isimportant forus totake exercise.It isno usecrying spiltmilk.It hasbeen confirmedthat hewill retirenext month.三,it用于强调句型
1.强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that从句被强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用It was about600years agothat thefirst clockwith aface andan hourhand wasmade.It wasthey thatwhocleaned theclassroom yesterday.Was itinthestreet thatyou mether Whowas itthat calledhim“comrade”特例It isnot until+被强调部分+that…该句型也是强调句型主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语”直到…才可以说是not...until...的强调形式It wasnot until she took off herdark glassesthat I realized she wasa famous film star.=Not untilshe tookoff her glasses didIrealizeshe wasa famousfilm star.=I didnt realizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherglasses.It wasnot untilyesterday thatI metmy oldfriend.It isin asmall factorythat mybrother isgoing towork.四,几个易混淆的it句型
2.It+be+时间+before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语如a longtime,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes,主句中的谓语动词用肯定式,意为“过多长时间才……主句的谓语动词是否定式时,意为“没过多长时间就…二主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be;用was时,before从句的动词用一般过去时;用will be时,before从句常用一般现在时It will be severalyears beforewe meetagain.It wasnot longbefore theyset outfor thefront.
3.It+be+time+that-clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构,不管主句中用的是is或was,that从句都须用动词的过去式或should+动词原型,在time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语气例如It istimethatwe handedin our exercises.=It istime thatwe shouldhand inourexercises.It ishigh timethat shewrote aletter toher boyfriend.
4.It+be+时间+when-clause这个句型中,it指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词时间一般为具体时间主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是willbe,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时It wasalready8oclock whenwe gothome.It wasthenextmorning whenwe finishedour work.It willbe midnightwhen theyget there.五,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式
1.It isa pity/shame that.......
2.It isno wonderthat.......
5.It happensthat.......
8.It isno use/good/a wasteof timedoing sth.
9.It takessb.some timeto dosth.