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种修辞下去的解释和例句(my)《高及英语》中常见种修辞下去的解释和例句
1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对上盅种共性存在于邓]的,渤不是事物的然属性.标志词常用ike,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to,such as等.例如
1.He waslike acock whothought thesun hadrisen tohear himcrow.
2.l wanderedlonely asa cloud.
3.Einstein onlyhad ablanket on,as ifhe hadjust walkedout of a fairytale.
2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某厚物的名称用斤另厚物,通过上皎形成.例如
1.Hope is a goodbreakfast,but it is abad supper.
2.Some booksare tobe tasted,others swallowed,and somefew tobe chewedand digested,cavern of a room/a caverousroom theroom islike acavern,e.g.a fairylandof dancing flashes Inthe mazeof vaultedstreets amountain ofwaves astorm of applause Alittle shrimpofafellow Ahello Kittyofagirl Threadones way
3.Metonymy借喻,转喻Tin PanAlley_the centerof popmusic Letthe heartto rulethe head借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,碓脾一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如
1.The kettleboils.渊了.
2.The roomsat silent.全屋侬静地坐着.
11.以资料代替事物的名称,例如Lend meyour ears,please.请听我说.III,以作者代替作品,例如a completeShakespeare莎it亚全集VI,以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如I hadthe muscle,and theymade moneyout ofit.我有比他们就曦的;钱.12Synecdoche提喻提喻脚分代替全体,或雇:体代替部分,或特殊代替r殳.例如
1.There areabout100hands workingin hisfactory.(部分代整体)他的傕勺有100名n
2.He isthe Newtonof thiscentury1特殊代殳)他是本世纪的牛顿.
3.The foxgoes verywell withyour cap.(整体代部分)这狐蟠脖与你的帽子艮相配.
1.Outside,(there is)a seaof faces.外曲上是顺海洋(以雄的局部代全体,即以faces表示)eople)
2.Have youany coppers你有钱吗(以材料代事物,即以coppe「铜喻指coin money铜币)cf.Antonomasia换称His majesty;His Excellence;his Honorthe Boss;He isthe Juda,(overlapping withsynecdoche)
5.Personification拟人拟大是把傣赋予甜命的事物.a figurethat endowsobjects,animals,ideas,or abstractionswith humanform,character,or sensibility,3kinds ofpersonification:1)the useof adjectiveThe thirstyground Note.may overlappingwith transferredepithet2)the useof verbsThe wavedanced.3)the useof nounsthe smileof springe.g.The MiddleEaster bazaartakes you...dancingflashesThe beamsinks...taut andprotesting
1.The nightgently laysher handat ourfevered heads.(把夜拟火匕)
2.l wasvery happyand couldhear thebirds singingin the woods.(把鸟拟火匕)
6.Hyperbole夸张exaggeration夸张是以言寸其实的说法表达强调的郎.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.Hyperbole:a deviceof comparisonusing exaggerationor obviousoverstatement forcomic ordramatic effect.takes you...hundreds eventhousands ofyears everyconceivable innumerablelamps incrediblyyoung withthe dustof centuries:例如
1.l bega thousandpardons.2l Loveyou.You areth ewhole worldto me,and themoon andthe stars.
3.When sheheard thebad news,a riverof tearspoured out.
7.Parallelism排比平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构人本相同或相似,意思相关,语气致的短语.句曲F列成串,形成一个整体.
1.No onecan beperfectly freetill allare free;no onecan beperfectly moraltill allare moral;no onecan beperfectly happytill allare happy.I see,..」see…...for thesafety of their lovedones,the returnof thebread-winner,of theirchampion,of theirprotector We shall fight him byland,we shallfight himby sea,we shallfight himin theair parallelism常repetition与合二3一,交织运用,以增强修辞效果以该句为例,Weshallfighthim属于反复,fffey land,by sea和in theair.本为平行陪构Any manor statewho fightson againstNizidom willhave ouraid.Any manor statewho marcheswith Hitleris ourfoe.Let uslearn ourlessons alreadytaught bysuch cruelexperience.Let usredouble ourexertions,and strikewith unitedstrength whilelife andpower remain.
8.Euphemism委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指媵婉,滩的柱表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如
1.He isout visitingthe necessary.他出去方更坏.
2.His relationwith hiswife hasnot beenfortunate.他与妻去系不融洽.
3.Deng Xiaopingpassed awayin
1997.(去世)9」rony反语反语指用目反意义的词来表达意思的作文式.如在指责过失.错误时,媵同过失的说法,解表扬时厕近乎责难的说法.例如
1.lt wouldbe afine thingindeed notknowing whattime it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)2Of course,you onlycarry largenotes,no smallchange onyou.the waitersaid tothe beggar.
10.Pun双关a palyon wordsbased onsimilarity ofsound andsharp differencein meaning.双关就是肝个词在句并的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从褥到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐勖承出现.
1.Seven dayswithout watermake oneweak.
2.An ambassadoris anhonest manwho liesabroad for the goodof his country.
3.lf wedon*t hangtogether,we shallhang separately.4Ask forme tomorrowand youshall findme agrave man.
11.Rhetorical question修辞疑问反问它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目勺,雁以疑问为谶,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示虽烈否定,硝定问句表示虽烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不葡瑜的.Interrogation asksa questionnot inorder toobtain ananswer,but forthe purposeof makingan assertionin astriking andlively way.e.g....but canyou doubtwhat our policy willbe例如
1.How wasit possibleto walkfor anhour throughthewoodsand seenothing worthof note
2.Shall weallow thoseuntruths togo unanswered
12.Antithesis对照,对比对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在法对上的用修辞方去.An antithesisis anexact opposite.In rhetoric,an antithesisis twosharply contrastingideas balancedacross a sentence orneighboring sentences.A useof wordsor phrasesthat contrastwith eachother tocreate a balanced effect.Antithesis isoften combinedwith balanced structures.Balanced structure:asentencemade upof twoparts thatare roughlyequal inlength,importance,and grammaticalstructure:a pairedconstruction.abalancedsentence thatmakes acontrast iscalled antithesis.例如
1.Not thatI lovedCaeser lessbut thatI lovedRome more.
2.You arestaying;I amgoing.
3.Give meliberty,or giveme death.[Antithesis+balancedst门区仰同Man proposes,God disposes.Many arecalled,but feware chosen.It wasthe bestof times,it wasthe worstof times,it wasthe ageof wisdom,itwasthe ageof foolishness.^Vords withopposite meaningswithin onesentences Myonly lovesprung frommy onlyhate.
13.Oxymoron反意法,逆喻这也是用福修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.例如
1.No light,but ratherdarkness visible.没有光亮,H音却清晰可见
2.The stateof thishouse ischeerless welcome.Living death/freezing fires/glorious defeat
14.Climax渐进法,层进法这种修辞是将掾列词语按照意念的大]解重.深浅.舌等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.例如
1.l amsorry,I amso sorry,I amso extremelysorry.
2.Eye hadnot seennor earheard,and nothinghad touchedhis heartof stone.
15.Anticlimax渐降法与climax相反的用修辞法,将逐列词语由龙叨油强到弱地排列.例如
1.0n hisbreast hewears hisdecorations,at hisside asword,on hisfeet apair ofboots.
2.The dutiesofasoldier areto protecthiscountryand peelpotatoes.
16.Repetition Wehave butone aimand onesingle purposenothing willturn us-nothing Wewill neverparley,we willnever negotiate...This is ourpolicyand thisisourdeclaration aswe shallfaithfully andsteadfastly tothe end
19.Onomatopoeia alsospelled onomatopia,from Greek:also calledimitative harmony,isaword ora groupingof wordsthat imitatesthe sounditisdescribing,such asanimal noiseslike“hiss”“buzz ormeow,or suggestingits source.creak sighgroan squeakrumble grunttinkling bangingclashing
17.Alliteration1u lsee alsothe dull,drilled,docile…”2:with itsclanking,heel-clicking...3“his hearthand home...^^
18.Transferred epithetTransferred EpVhet移就
1.Definition Transferred epithet isa figureof speechwhere anepithetan adjectiveor descriptivephrase istransferred froma nounit shouldrightly modifyto anotherto whichit doesnot reallybelong.
2.The classificationof transferredepithet Group1:adj・+一》adj・+§th・A knifeused bya murderousvillain---A murderousknife Thosedays whenI feltpurposeless--those purposelessdays The big man crashed down on a protesting chair.The sailorsswarmed intoa laughing and cheeringring aroundthe two man.招n蜂拥雁,汇成欢笑与欢呼的一圈,把那两幅在中间Cf.The sailors,laughingandcheering,surrounded thetwomanin aring.Groiip2:adJ・+§th・-adj・+another thingThe whitesilence—the boundlessfields coveredwith snowwas silentHis storiesachieved nothingbut cheaplaughs.Letting thatgoal inwas anexpensive mistake.It costus thechampionship.Group3:adj・+§th・Tadj,+§b・He isnot aneasy writer.
3.The characteristicsof TransferredEpithet1It relieson thedeep structureofthesentence.It isillogical andunreasonable insurface structurebut reasonableand justin deepstructure.e.g.The thiefmade atrembling confessionof hiswrong doing.2There isa closerelationship betweenthe transferredepithet andthe modifiedword.Eg.Thebigmancrasheddownonaprotestingchair.3Transferred epithetis suitableforthenew context.Eg.After severalacid years.She brokeup withthe man.The logicrelations betweenthe transferredepithet andmodified words.1Causal relation因果Puzzled frown因困惑磁眉Delighted smile因靓碘笑Terrified despair由于恐惧程到绝望Thoughtful silence因沉思而默Ignorant nonsense由于邦1礴说2Coordinate orparallel relation平彳或并列关系She satthere withembarrassed delight.她坐在那里,即尴尬竭先We listenedwith smilingattention.我们Ti笑也注意地听着3disjunctive relation纯修饰关系Laughing eyes笑眼Sleepy corner沉静的解A passionatethroat热情的歌喉
4.Exercise Identifythe figuresof speech:1he washandicapped byhis agemetaphor2The patientlay allnight onhis sleeplesspillow.Transferred epithet3Religion isthus treatedlike Lear.simile4His wittyremarks keptthe tablehighly amused.metonymy5We receivedanother smilingyear.Transferred epithet6The thirstysoil drankintherain.personification7He closedhis busylife atthe ageof
80.Transferredepithet。