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备战2023年高考英语考点专项突破埔腕随新回考卷全国卷2022202120222021卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解题67888865推理判断题75555368词义猜测题12111111主旨大忌题11111321推理判断推理判断题阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意又的基础上,通过对文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理,从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文草的深层意义及隐含意义它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑天系的能力和识别能力解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据,既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理也就是说,要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论考生切记,推理判断(infer))题必须把握住的一个原则正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实,而不是文章细节的直接陈述方法1针对特定细节信息进行推理此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点,推断出文章中具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等解答此类试题时,一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系,根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断[全国II2020-D]I have a specialplace inmy heartfor libraries.I havefor aslong asI canremember.I was always anenthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day asa child.Stories werelike airto meand whileother kidsplayed ballor wentto parties,I livedout adventuresthrough thebooks Ichecked outfrom thelibrary.
32.Which wordbest describesthe authorsrelationship withbooks asa childA.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.D.Casual.C.Inseparable.【解析】根据本段第三句…readingup tothreebooksadayasa child..以及第四句Stories werelike airto me..可知,孩童时期的作者和书是形影不离的cooperative意为“合作的;uneasy意为“不自在的“;inseparable underground,weve always been ableto findhabitable placesto make a home.But withspace at apremium(稀少),weve startedto lookeven deeperfor somewhereto live.Throughout history,people havebeen fascinatedby theidea ofliving underwater.More recently,the effectsof humanactivity on the landhave ledsome to look to the oceansfor naturalresources.Oceanographers and architects havelooked atdesigning vessels,labs andunderwater habitatsto enablepeople to live andwork in a underwaterworld.But,while dreamsof anunderwater cityhave remaineda fantasy,how closeare weto makingour homeon the seabed areality Thepioneer ofundersea livingwas IanKoblick.He claimedtechnology alreadyexisted tocreate underwatercolonies supportingup to a hundredpeople.He evenopened LaChalupa,once thelargest andmost advancedunderwater habitat and researchfacility in the world.A morerecent and ambitious designfor anunderwater cityis Ocean Spiral.Designed bythe JapaneseShimizu Corporation,ifs-a hugetransparent globe attached to the seabed.Ifs got a towerrunning throughit to the surface,providing spacefor homes,offices and even anamusement parkfor five thousand residents.Of course,there areengineering challengesin constructingan oceanicmetropolis.And living underwater wouldhave majoreffects on the human body,especially as there is an increasein atmosphericpressure,which couldlead to the bends.So,maybe itstoo soonto bepacking ourbags andsetting upa newlife threethousand metresunder thesea!
9.Why arepeople lookingforward tolivingunderwater A.Space onland is in shortsupply.B.Living underwater is veryeasy.C.The worldunderwaterisfantastic.D.They aretired ofliving onland.
10.Whafs the author9s attitude towards livingunderwaterA.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Negative.D.Objective.
11..What canwe inferfrom the passage A.Living underwaterdoes harmto the humanbody.B.OceanSpiralcan containfivethousandresidents.C.People canlook forwardto thefuture ofunderwater life.D.We canpack ourbags andset upa newlife underwater.
12.Where isthis textmost likelyfrom A.A journalof history.B.A sciencewebsite.C.An internationalnewspaper.D.A travelguidebook.【答案】
13.A
10.D
11.C
12.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了人们尝试让水下生活成为现实的计划,以及人们在水下安家之前需要克服的困难
14.节理解题根据第——段There arepeople livingin almostevery comerof ourcrowded planet.From thetops ofmountains todeep underground,weve always been ableto findhabitable placesto make a home.But withspace at apremium(稀少),weve startedtolookeven deeperfor somewheretolive.(在我们这个拥挤的星球上,几乎每个角落都有人居住从山顶到地下深处,我们总能找到适合安家的地方但随着空间的稀少,我们开始更深入地寻找居住的地方户可知,人们想去水下居住是因为地表空间不足故选A
15.推理判断题根据第三段“He claimedtechnology alreadyexisted tocreate underwatercolonies supportingup to a hundredpeople.(他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活100人的居住地)”、第四段“A morerecent andambitious designfor anunderwater cityis OceanSpiral.Designed bythe JapaneseShimizu Corporation,ifs-a hugetransparent globe attached to the seabed.(一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋它是由日本清水公司设计的,是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体户以及第五段“Of course,there areengineering challengesin constructingan oceanicmetropolis.And livingunderwater wouldhave majoreffects on thehumanbody,especially as there is an increasein atmosphericpressure,which couldlead to the bends.(当然,建设海洋大都市也存在工程上的挑战生活在水下会对人体产生重大影响,尤其是随着大气压力的增加,这可能会导致减压病厂可推断,作者只是在客观地陈述这些事实选项Andifferent(漠不关心的广;选项中Critical(批判的广;选项©Negative(否定的户;选项D“Objective(客观的广故选D
16.推理判断题根据文章第三段“He claimedtechnology alreadyexisted tocreate underwatercolonies supportinguptoa hundredpeople.(他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活100人的居住地)”以及第四段“A morerecent andambitious designfbr anunderwater cityis OceanSpiral.Designed bythe JapaneseShimizu Corporation,its-a hugetransparent globeattached to theseabed.(一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋它是由日本清水公司设计的,是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体广可推断,人们已经有了一些在水下生活的尝试,只是还有些困难没有克服所以在水下生活从长远来看是值得期待的,或许在将来有可能实现故选C
17.推理判断题根据文章内容可知,文章主要讲述的是未来水下生活的可能性以及面临的挑战,这些都是和科学相关的所以文章最有可能来自科学网站故选B Passage4(2022•吉林吉林•模拟预测)According toJim Coan,a psychologistfrom the University ofVirginia,holding handswith someoneyou trustcan havea positiveeffect onyour health.Why Researchershave shownin theirstudies that the simpleact oftouch can reduce stressandevenlower heartrate.In astudy,Jim andhis colleaguesbrought couplesinto thelab,and thenput oneof them in anfMRI machineto scanthe activityin theirbrains.While scanningthem,the participantslooked ata screen,and ona seriesof tests,they eithersaw agreen circleor a red“X”.A greencircle meantthat thetest wouldend shortlyand nothingelse wouldhappen.A red“X meantthat in a fewseconds,there was a chancethat theywould receivea mildelectric shockon theirleg.The shockwasnt painful,but itwasnt exactlycomfortable either.During someof thesetests,participants werein thefMRI scanneralone;during others,a researchercame in and held their hand;and ona finalset oftests,their romanticpartner camein andheldtheirhand.Jim andcolleagues foundthat whenparticipants thoughtthey might be gettinga shock,they had a lowerstress responsein theirbrains whenholding theirromantic partners hand thanin theother twoconditions.And thehappier thecouples said they werein theirrelationships,the morethe romantic partnershandlessened(减弱)the brainsresponse to the shock.This studysuggests that when werestressed,holding aloved oneshand canreduce thatstress.The researchalso suggeststhat touchhas immediateand positiveeffects onbabies.Skin-to-skin contactcanreducecrying,stress,and improvesleep.These effectscan belong-lasting:adults,held a lot when they werebabies,are the most likely to behealthy andwell-adjusted—in fact,the morethey werecarried inbabyhood,the betterthey adjustin adulthood.
18.How woulda participantprobably feelwhen seeingared“X”A.Nervous.B.Excited.C.Hopeful.D.Painful.
19.Why didresearchers dosets oftests in the studyA.To makesure the study resultsare correct.B.To comparebrain activitiesin differentcases.C.To testthe relationshipsbetween couples.D.To checkthe functionsof thefMRI scanner.
20.According to the lastparagraph,what maythe writeragree withA.Babies shouldbe held and carriedas muchas possible.B.Babies problemscan besolved mainlyby touching.C.The effectsthat touchinghas onbabies dontlast long.D.Adults whowere notheld asbabies cantadjust tosociety.
21.Which of the followingmightbe themostsuitable titlefor the text A.Touch ImprovesBrain FunctionB.Touch HappensEverywhere C.Touch HelpsForm GoodHabits D.Touch Makesa BigDifference【答案】
13.A
14.B
15.A
16.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家的研究成果来自信任的、亲近的人的触碰可以帮助其缓解压力,对身体健康有积极作用
14.推理判断题根据第二段最后两句A redX meantthat in a fewseconds,there wasa chancethat theywould receivea mildelectric shockon theirleg.The shockwasnt painful,but itwasnt exactlycomfortable either.(红X”表示几秒钟后,他们的腿可能会受到轻微电击电击并不痛,但也不是很舒服)及第三段第二句“Jim andcolleagues foundthat whenparticipants thoughtthey mightbe gettinga shock,they had a lowerstress responsein theirbrains whenholding theirromantic partnershand thanin theother twoconditions.^^(吉姆及其同事发现,当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时,与其他两种情况相比,他们握着爱人的手时、大脑的压力反应更低)可知,伴随红“X”而来的电击会让参与者产生紧张及压力感,只不过握着爱人的手时这种反应会降低故选A项
15.推理判断题根据第三段第二句Jim andcolleagues foundthatwhenparticipants thoughtthey mightbe gettinga shock,they hada lowerstress responsein theirbrains whenholding theirromanticpartnershand thanin theother twoconditions.”(吉姆及其同事发现,当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时,与其他两种情况相比,他们握着爱人的手时,大脑的压力反应更低)可知,实验设计了不同情况,最后比较的是在不同情况下大脑的压力反应由此可以推断出多轮实验的目的是为了比较在不同情况下被试者大脑活动的情况故选B项
16.推理判断题根据最后一段的最后一句These effectscan belong-lasting:adults,heldalot when they werebabies,are themost likelyto behealthy andwell-adjusted一in fact,the morethey werecarried inbabyhood,the betterthey adjustin adulthood7,(这些影响是长期的婴儿时期被抱过的成年人可能会更加健康,调节能力会更好,而旦,婴儿时期被抱得越多,成年时期的调节能力就越好)可知,搂抱产生的影响持续的时间很长,婴儿时期被抱得越多,成年时期的调节能力就越好,所以作者会认可A项“应尽可能多抱抱婴儿”的观点故选A项
17.主旨大意题本文第一段说明研究结论来自信任的人的触碰及拉手对健康有积极的影响;第
二、三段介绍了研究的过程和发现牵着爱人的手可以减少紧张感;第四段为研究的其他发现触碰对婴儿身心健康的长久影响所以D项“触碰产生重大影响”最适合作为本文标题故选D项Passage5(2022•青海海东•一模)The latestvideo of a groupof robotsdancing to the songDo YouLove Mehas-been popularontheInternet andreceived more than23million viewsduring itsfirst week.The performanceshows twoBoston Dynamics(an Americantechnology company)humanoid robotscalled Atlas,doing severaldance moves一such as the twist,the mashedpotato and others.Speaking toThe AssociatedPress,Boston Dynamicsfounder andchairman MarcRaibert admitsthe videois funto watch.But he said thereal successbehind theexperiment wasthe valuablelessons theproject taughthis team.“It turnedout thatwe neededto improvethe robotsin themiddle ofdevelopment,“Raibert said.He saidthat stepwas necessaryfor the robots to be strongenough andhave enoughenergy to do the whole performancewithout stopping.So thatwasareal benefit to thedesign Jhe added.The difficultyof teachingrobots todance alsopushed Boston Dynamics engineersto developbetter notion-programming tools.These toolshelped the robots doseveral things(balance,bounce andperform dancemoves withoutbreaks).Some socialmedia userswho watchedthe videocommented that therobots,dancing wasso similartoahuman that they couldnot believetheir eyes.Some praisedtherobotsmoves and the technology,Dowering them.Others suggested that what they wereseeing wasprobably computer-generated imagery(图像),or CGI.But Raibertsaid itwas allreal,the resultof longand hardwork,and fueledby astrong desireto Programa robotthat coulddance tothe beat.We wantedit to do humandancing and.when ahuman dances,the musichas abeat and their wholebody movesto it-their hands,their body,and theirhead.”Raibert added:It lookedlike therobot washaving funand reallymoved with the music.And I think thathadalot to do with the resultof theproduction.
18.What has the successof dancingrobots broughtto Raibertteam A.The largeprofit.B.The experts9attention.C.The preciousexperience.D.The largermarket.
19.How does the authorintroduce dancingrobots A.By makingsome comparisons.B.By listingsome figures.C.By describingthe performances.D.By designingsome powerfulparts.
20.Which of the followingcan bestdescribe RaiberfsteamA.The earlybird catchesthe worm.B.Dont judgea bookby itscover.C.Lost yearsare worsethan lostdollars.D.Nothing isimpossible if you putyour heartinto it.
21.What doRaiberfs wordsimply in the lastparagraph A.The teamhas gainedmany awards.B.The teamhas along way to go.C.The dancingrobots arepopular withpeople.D.The dancingrobots havereplaced theactors.【答案】
17.C
18.C
19.D
20.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了美国技术公司BostonDynamics最近走红的一群机器人跳舞的视频非常受人们喜爱,该公司创始人兼董事长马克・雷伯特认为实验背后的真正成功是该项目教给他的团队的宝贵经验
18.细节理解题根据第三段“But hesaidthereal successbehind theexperiment wasthe valuablelessons theproject taughthis team.(但他说,这项实验背后真正的成功是该项目教给他的团队的宝贵经验厂可知,他认为真正的成功是这些宝贵的经验故选C
19.推理判断题根据倒数第二段“But Raibertsaid itwas allreal,the resultof longand hardwork,and fueledby astrong desireto Programa robotthat coulddance tothe beat.“We wanteditto do humandancing and.when ahuman dances,the musichas abeat and their wholebody movesto it-their hands,their body,and theirhead.(但雷伯特说,这一切都是真实的,是长期艰苦工作的结果,是由一种强烈的愿望驱动的,即编写一个可以随着节奏跳舞的机器人“我们想让它跳人类的舞蹈当一个人跳舞时,音乐有一个节拍,他们的整个身体随之移动——他们的手、他们的身体和他们的头可推断,作者是通过描写机器人栩栩如生的表演来介绍跳舞机器人故选C
20.推理判断题根据第五段“The difficultyof teachingrobots todance alsopushed BostonDynamics engineersto developbetter notion-programming tools.(教机器人跳舞的困难也促使波士顿动力公司的工程师开发出更好的概念编程工具)”以及第七段But Raibertsaid itwas allreal,the resultof longand hardwork,and fueledby astrong desireto Programa robotthat coulddance tothe beat.(但雷伯特说,这一切都是真实的,是长期艰苦工作的结果,是由一种强烈的愿望驱动的,即编写一个可以随着节奏跳舞的机器人)“可知,为了制造出跳舞机器人,该团队付出了努力选项A“The earlybird catchesthe worm.(早起的鸟儿有虫吃)”;选项B“Dont judgea bookby itscover.(不要以貌取人)”;选项CLost yearsare worsethan lostdollars,(一寸光阴一寸金)”;选项D uNothing isimpossible if you putyour heartinto it.(世上无难事只怕有心人)”D选择项最能描述Raibert的团队故选D
21.推理判断题根据最后一段“Raibert added:It lookedlike therobot washaving funand reallymoved with the music.And Ithink thathadalot todo with the resultof theproduction.(雷伯特补充说:“看起来机器人彳艮开心,真的随着音乐而动我认为这与这部电影的制作结果有很大关系”户可推断,其深层的意思是如果机器人能真正像人一样随音乐舞动,能表情达意,还有很长的一段路要走故选B Passage6(2022•吉林吉林•模拟预测)After figure skaters finishtheir programs,adoring fansoften throwgifts ontothe ice.There havedefinitely beensome strangeones overthe years.Sasha Cohenwas oncegiven sweatersand Debi Thomas evengot abox ofpizza afterher performanceat the1987world championships.Apart fromcards andclothing,the giftsare mostlystuffed animals(毛绒玩具).Though itsnot clearexactly howor whenthis custombegan,there are a coupleof factorsthat helpexplain whytheyre sopopular ratherthan flowers.One factoris thatflowers,once thego-to itemto throwat skaters,are messy.The sweepers”—the kidswho skatearound collectingall thegifts betweeneach program-haveamuch easiertime pickingup stuffed animals thanclear upevery petal(花瓣)and leaffalling offits flower.Theres noglobal banon throwingbunches offlowers,but organizationsmade attemptsto discouragethe practicein thepast.In1989,US FigureSkating bannedarenas(竞技场)hosting national championships fromselling flowers.And at the2002national championships,the associationpublicly preventedfans frombringing flowerstothe arena atall.Flowers havealways beena problem.Even whentheyre wrapped,some partsstick outand becomea headache.Larry Kriwanek,chairman of the events organizing committee,told us.Flowers weregoing to be eliminated.It wasjust aquestion ofwhen.^^Instead,fans couldbuy stuffed animals insidethe arenaand showertheir favoriteskaters with those.Stuffed animalsalso givesupporters anopportunity tochoose presentsthat seemmore personal.C6We sometimeswill getstuffed animalsin custom-made costumesto matchwhat werewearing.^^American icedancer MerylDavis,who wongold withpartner CharlieWhite in2014,told us.It turnsout thatskaters oftendo takeespecially meaningfulgifts homewith them.
22.Why doesthe writermention Sasha Cohen and Debi Thomasin Paragraph1A.To indicatethey aretop figure skaters in the world.B.To showfigure skatersmay getunusual gifts.C.To tellreaders how much theirfans like them.D.To explainwhat giftsare suitablefor figureskaters.
23.What wasdone tostop throwingflowers atfigureskatersA.Punishing fansbringing flowersinto arenas.B.Issuing aglobal banon throwingflowers.C.Canceling anational gamefor sellingflowers.D.Keeping flowersout of a certain arena.
24.Which of the followinghasthesimilar meaningas eliminatedin paragraph4A.forbidden.B.grown.C.allowed.D.ordered.
25.What doesthe lastparagraph mainlytalk aboutA.Tips forfans tochoose suitablegifts.B.Meryl Davissadvice onstuffedanimals.C.Advantages ofstuffedanimalsas gifts.D.Gifts thatfigureskatersare fondof.【答案】
21.B
22.D
23.A
24.C【解析】本文为说明文,介绍了为什么毛绒玩具比鲜花更适合作为给花样滑冰运动员的礼物
21.推理判断题根据第——段中“There havedefinitely beensome strangeones overthe years.Sasha Cohenwas oncegiven sweatersandDebi Thomas evengotabox ofpizza afterher performanceat the1987world championships.(这些年来肯定有一些奇怪的礼物在1987年的世界锦标赛上,Sasha Cohen获得了毛衣,DebiThomas甚至得到了一盒披萨)可知,作者提及SashaCohe和DebiThomas的目的是为了举例说明花滑运动员有时候会收到奇怪的礼物,故选B
22.推理判断题根据第三段中“And at the2002nationalchampionships,the associationpublicly preventedfans frombringing flowerstothearena atall.(在2002年的全国锦标赛上,该协会公开禁止球迷带鲜花到体育场)可知,在2002年的全国锦标赛上,该协会公开禁止粉丝携带鲜花进入赛场故D项正确
23.词义猜测题根据第四段“Flowers havealwaysbeena problem.Even whenthey9re wrapped,some partsstick outand becomea headache9(鲜花一直是个问题即使把它们包裹起来,有些部分还是会突出来,让人头疼)可知,鲜花是一个令人头疼的问题根据第四段最后一句Instead,fans couldbuy stuffedanimals insidethearenaand showertheir favoriteskaters withthose.(相反,粉丝们可以在场馆内购买毛绒玩具,让他们最喜欢的滑冰选手沐浴在毛绒玩具中)可知,毛绒玩具代替了鲜花因此,划线词与上一段中的discourage ban和prevent为近义词,A项forbidden意为禁止故选A
24.主旨大意题根据最后——段中Stuffed animalsalso givesupporters anopportunity tochoose presentsthat seemmore personal.”(毛绒玩具也让支持者有机会选择看起来更私人的礼物)可知,毛绒玩具让支持者有机会选择看起来更私人的礼物,甚至有时他们会让毛绒玩具穿上定制的服装,以匹配运动员的穿着由此可见,本段主要介绍毛绒玩具作为礼物的优势与好处故选C Passage7(2022•山东•济南市历城第二中学模拟预测)The sunk cost effectis theongoing investmentof time,money andeffort that an individualmakes in any attempt,even ifrationally theresults appearunpromising.When anyindividual hasalready madean investmentof time,money oreffort,it becomesdifficult towithdraw from the task.An error of judgementoccurs whenwe fail to cutour losses-the sunkcost.The simplestmethod ofbeating thiserror of judgement isto simplystop investing when itsnot producingresults.As theage-old proverbgoes JWhy cryover split milk Butwe stillcant seemtodoit!Why Peopleperceive the same amount of lossesand gainsinadifferent light.This meansthat thesame amountof losseswill hurtmore thanan equalamountofgain.For example,if abusiness isgoing throughheavy losses,one mustdecide toeither shutit downor continue.Shutting itdown is a definite loss ofmoney,time andeffort.People becomerisk-seeking whenthey arefacing adefinite loss.They willpump moremoney asa gambleto achievea positive outcome.If there is a positiveoutcomeand thebusiness startsmaking aprofit,this hasgiven thema higherutility(效用)than simplymaking profitsfrom thebeginning.They managedto riseup from a heavyloss,thereby givinghigher satisfactionabout thedecision tocontinue investing.We,however,will notchoose tohonor sunkcosts onevery occasion.This isespecially truein thecase ofinsurance.Lets saythat you have takenhome insuranceand probablynever usedit.You are not goingto bumyour housedown justso youcan utilizeyour house insurance.
25.What doesthe underlinedword it in paragraph2probably referto A.Crying over splitmilk.B.Stopping investing.C.Refusing judgement.D.Keeping finishingthe task.
26.Which of the followingsituations maylead tosunkcostA.Going oninvestingwhenyour salesare increasing.B,Breaking up withthose who arent interested inyou.C.Continuing eatingordered foodeven ifit tastesbad.D.Keeping onworking outwhen yourea littlethinner.
27.What mightbe themain cause of sunkeffect A.Fear of loss andexpectation forbetter.B.Spirit of adventure andunwise decision.C.Endless desireand ambition.D.Positive attitudeand behavior.
28.Why isa houseinsurance^mentioned in the lastparagraph A.To describe.B.To persuade.C.To argue.D.To explain.【答案】
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.D【解析】这是一篇说明文主要说明了“沉没成本效应“在我们实际生活中的体现
25.词句猜测题根据第二段的“The simplestmethod ofbeating thiserrorofjudgement isto simplystop investingwhen itsnot producingresults.As theage-old proverbgoes JWhy cryoversplitmilk(克服这种判断错误的最简单的方法就是在没有结果的时候停止投资正如那句古老的谚语所说:“牛奶洒了,何必哭呢这里的it指的是“Stopping investing”,故选B
26.推理判断题根据第一段的The sunkcost effectis theongoing investmentof time,money andeffort that an individualmakes inany attempt,even ifrationally theresults appearunpromising.When anyindividual hasalready madean investmentof time,money oreffort,it becomesdifficult towithdraw fromthe task.An errorofjudgementoccurs whenwe failto cutour losses-the sunkcost.(沉没成本效应是指个人在任何尝试中持续投入的时间、金钱和努力,即使从理性上看结果似乎不太理想当个人已经投入了时间、金钱或精力时;就很难从任务中抽身当我们无法减少损失,即沉没成本时,就会出现判断失误户可知,A选项“即使食物味道并不好,但依然继续吃自己点的食物”符合题意,故选C
27.推理判断题由第三段的People becomerisk-seeking whenthey arefacing adefiniteloss.They willpump moremoney asa gambleto achieveapositiveoutcome』当人们面临明确的损失时,他们就会变得冒险他们将投入更多的资金作为一种赌博,以获得积极的结果户可知,沉没效应的主要原因可能是害怕失去,期待更好故选A
28.推理判断题根据最后一段的We,however,will notchoose tohonor sunkcosts onevery occasion.This isespecially truein thecase ofinsurance』然而,我们不会选择在任何场合都尊重沉没成本在保险业中尤其如此户可知,提及“家庭保险”是为了进一步解释说明“我们不会在任何情况下都考虑沉没成本,故选D Passage8(2022•上海杨浦•二模)I fellin lovewith the ministers sonthe winterI turnedfourteen.He was not Chinese.When Ifound outthat myparents hadinvited the ministers familyover forChristmas Evedinner,I cried.What wouldRobert think of ourshabby ChineseChristmas What would hethink of our noisyChinese relativeswho lackedproper Americanmanners Whatterrible disappointmentwould hefeel uponseeing nota roastedturkey andsweet potatoesbut Chinesefood On Christmas Eve I saw that my mother had outdone herself in creating a strange menu.She waspulling backlines out of thebacks offleshy prawns.The kitchenwas litteredwith pilesof rawfood:a fishwith bulgingeyes beggingnot to be thrown into apan ofhot oil,a bowlof soakingdried fungusback tolife,a plateof squidswhose backswere crisscrossedwith knifemarkings sothey resembledbicycle tires.And thenthey arrived-theministers family andall myrelatives.Robert saidhello,and Ipretended hewasnotworthy ofexistence.Dinner threwme deeperinto despair.My relativeslicked theends of their chopsticksand reachedacross thetable,dipping theminto thedozen orso platesof food.Robert andhis familywaited patientlyfor platesto bepassed tothem.My relativeswhispered withpleasure whenmy motherbrought outthewholesteamed fish.Robert madefaces.Then myfather pokedhis chopsticksjust below the fisheye andpulled outthe softmeat.“Amy,your favourite,hesaid,offering methe tenderfish cheek.I wanted to disappear.I remainedsilent for the restof thenight.After everyonehad gone,my mothersaid tome,You want to bethesameas Americangirls onthe outside.But insideyou mustalwaysbeChinese.You mustbe proudyou aredifferent.Your onlyshame isto haveshame.”
29.The writerfelt uponknowing that theministersfamily hadbeen invitedover forChristmas Evedinner.A.excited B.worried C.disappointed D.confused
30.In the second paragraph^the writerdescribed thekitchen scenein sucha wayas to.A.paint avivid pictureof howbusy her mother wasB,explain thereason whyhermothercreated sucha menuC.support theclaim thatthe Christmasmenu wasstrange D.introduce thetypical Chinesedishes servedon Christmas Eve
31.What can be inferredabout thewriter basedon whathappened duringthe dinnerA.She sufferedgreatly duringthe dinner.B.She hatedeating thefish cheekbelowtheeye.C.She regrettednot talkingmore withRobert.D.She waspicky about the Christmasmenu.
32.Why didthe writersmother havea talkwith herthat nightA.To informher of the culturalgap betweenthe eastand thewest.B.To shareher understandingof theword“shame”.C.To encourageher to become integratedinto thelocal community.D.To urgeher to be proudof herChinese roots.【答案】
29.B
30.C
31.A
32.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了作者十四岁那年的冬天,爱上了牧师的儿子结果父母邀请了牧师一家来吃平安夜晚餐,作者为自己的亲戚在晚餐时的表现感到羞耻,最后母亲和作者谈话,鼓励作者为自己身为中国人感到骄傲
29.推理判断题根据第一段中“When Ifound outthat myparents hadinvited theministersfamilyover forChristmasEvedinner,I cried.WhatwouldRobert thinkof ourshabby ChineseChristmas Whatwould hethinkofour noisyChinese relativeswho lackedproper Americanmanners Whatterrible disappointmentwould hefeel uponseeing nota roastedturkey andsweet potatoesbut Chinesefood(当我发现我的父母邀请牧师一家来吃平安夜晚餐时,我哭了罗伯特会怎么看我们简陋的中国式圣诞节呢?他会怎么看我们那些吵闹而又缺乏美国礼仪的中国亲戚呢?如果他看到的不是烤火鸡和红薯,而是中国菜,他会感到多么可怕的失望?厂可推知,得知牧师一家被邀请来吃平安夜晚餐,作者感到很担心故选B
30.推理判断题根据第二段中“OnChristmasEveIsawthatmymotherhadoutdoneherselfincreatingastrangemenu.(在圣诞节前夕,我发现母亲超出了自己的能力,做了一份奇怪的菜单)可推知,在第二段中,作者以这样一种方式描述了厨房的场景,以支持圣诞菜单很奇怪的说法故选C
31.推理判断题根据倒数第二段中I wanted to disappear.I remainedsilent for the restof thenight.(我想消失那天晚上剩下的时间,我一言不发广可推知,晚餐期间,作者吃饭时很痛苦故选A
32.细节理解题根据最后一段中“You mustbe proudyou aredifferent.Your onlyshame isto haveshame.(你一定为自己的与众不同而自豪你唯一的羞耻就是有羞耻户可知,作家的母亲那天晚上和她谈话是为了鼓励她为自己的中国根感到骄傲故选D Passage9(2022•上海奉贤•二模)Its nosurprise thatJennifer Seniorsinsightful magazinecover story“I loveMy Children,I HateMy Li%is arousingmuch chatter-nothing getspeople talkinglikethesuggestion thatbringing upa childis nota completelyfulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather thanconcluding that children makeparents eitherhappy ormiserable,Senior suggestswe needto redefinehappiness:instead ofthinking ofit assomething thatcan bemeasured bymoment-to-moment joy,we shouldconsider beinghappy asa past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experienceof raisingkids can be extremelyhard,Senior writesthat“the very things that in the moment damage our moods can later be sources of intense content and delight.^^The magazinecover showingan attractivemother holdinga cutebaby ishardly theonly Madonna-and-child imageon newsstandsthis week.There arealso storiesabout newlyadoptive-and newlysingle-mom SandraBullock,as wellastheusual JenniferAniston ispregnant news.Practically everyweek featuresat leastone celebritymom,or mom-to-be,smiling onthe newsstands.In asociety thatso persistentlycelebrates procreation(繁衍),is itany wonderthat admittingyou regrethaving childrenis equivalentto admittingyou supportkitten-killing It doesnt seemquite fair,then,to compare the regrets of parentstotheregretsof the children.Unhappy parentsrarely areencouraged to wonder if they shouldnthave hadkids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message thatchildren are the single most important thing in the world:obviously theirmisery mustbeadirect resultof thewide-open baby-size holesin theirlives.Of course,the image of parenthoodthat celebritymagazines likeUS Weeklyand Peoplepresent ishugely unrealistic,especially whenthe parents are single mothers likeBullock.According toseveral studiesconcluding thatparentsare less happythan childlesscouples,single parentsaretheleast happyof all.No shockthere,considering how much workit isto raisea kidwithout a partner tolean on;yet tohear celebritiestell it,raising akid ontheir“own”(read:with round-the-clock help)isapiece ofcake.It ishard toimagine thatmany peopleare stupidenough towant childrenbecause itlooks sofantastic一most adultsunderstand thata baby is nota haircut.But it is interestingto wonderif theimages wesee everyweek意为“不可分离的;亲密无间的”;casual意为“漫不经心的;随便的”故选C项方法2整合全文(段)信息进行推断做推理判断题时,有时需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的信息,提取出来加以推理判断,从而确定最佳答案[全国II2020-C]Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklynhave showcasednutria furmade intoclothes indifferent styles.n Itsounds crazyto talkabout guilt-free furunless youunderstand thatthe nutriaare destroyingvast wetlandsevery year,n saysCree McCree,project directorof RighteousFur.
28.What is the purpose of the fashionshowsinNew Orleansand Brooklyn A.To promoteguilt-free fur.B.To expandthefashionmarket.C.To introducea newbrand.D.To celebratea winterholiday.【解析】由题干中的NewOrleansandBrooklyn可定位至原文第二段根据本段可知,在新奥尔良与布鲁克林举办这些不同寻常的时装秀的目的是让人们在重新穿上由海狸鼠毛皮制成的衣物的同时不会产生罪恶感,即为了宣传“零罪恶感”的海狸鼠毛皮故选A项方法3根据文章的结论推断作者或文中人物的态度及意图作者或文中人物的态度、倾向是指其对自己或他人陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立,对叙述或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论中,或流露于修饰性的词语中因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中总结全文的措辞,尤其是带有感情色彩的形容词常见的表达态度的词语有
(1)、表示积极态度的词support((支持),supportive(支持的),approve((赞成),approving((赞同的),for(支持),in favorof(支持),optimistic((乐观的),positive((积极的),pleasant((愉快的),humorous((幽默的),confident^自信的),impressive((令人钦佩的),praise((赞扬)等
(2)、表示消极态度的词disgusted((厌恶的),critical(批评的),negative((否定的),doubtful(怀疑的),disappointed(失望的),pessimistic((悲观的),opposed((反对的)等
(3)、表示中立的词objective^客观的),factual((事实的),neutral((中立的),impartial((不偏不倚的)等有些文章的写作意图比较明确,如议论文、说明文,此类文体应关注主题句而有些文章的写作意图需要考生去体会,这种情况多出现在记叙文中,此类文章通常先叙述,然后发表看法[全国T2020-C]Race walkingshares manyfitness benefitswith running,research shows,while mostlikely contributing to fewerinjuries.It does,however,have itsown problem.(首段)
31.Which wordbest describesthe authorsattitudetorace walkingA.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【解析】通读首段可知,作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处(Race walkingshares manyfitness benefitswith ofstress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthoodarent insome small,subconscious waycontributing toour owndissatisfactions with the actualexperience,in thesame waythatasmall part of ushoped gettinga part of theway celebritieslive mightmake uslook justa littlebit like them.
33.Jennifer Senior suggests inher articlethat raisingachildcan bring.A.very temporarydelight B.great enjoymentin progressC.happiness inones memoryD.concern overlove andhatred
34.Paragraph2is intendedto showthat.A.celebrity momsareapermanent sourcefor gossip.B.singlemotherswith babiesdeserve greaterattention.C.news aboutpregnant celebritiesis entertaining.D.having childrenis highlyvalued bythe public.
35.According tothe passage,those childlessfolks.A.arelesslikelytobe satisfiedwith theirlife B.are largelyignored bythe media.C.failtofulfill theirsocial responsibilities.D.are constantlyexposed tocriticism.
36.Which of the followingcan beinferred fromthe lastparagraph A.Having childrencontributes littletotheglamour ofcelebrity moms.B・Celebrity momshave influencedour attitudetowards child raising.C.Having childrenintensifies ourdissatisfaction withlife.D.We sometimesneglect thehappiness fromchildraising.【答案】
33.C
34.D
35.D
36.B【解析】本文是一篇议论文,主要论述的是抚养孩子和幸福的关系
33.细节理解题根据第一段的“Seniorsuggestswe needto redefinehappiness:instead ofthinking ofit assomething thatcanbemeasured bymoment-to-moment joy,we shouldconsider beinghappy asa past-tense conditionEventhoughtheday-to-day experienceof raisingkids canbe extremelyhard,Senior writesthattheverythingsthatin themomentdamageourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensecontentanddelight..Senior建议,我们需要重新定义幸福,而不是认为孩子让父母快乐或痛苦我们不应该认为幸福是可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的,而应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态尽管抚养孩子的日子漫长难熬,令人筋疲力尽,但Senior写道:“正是那些心绪沉重的时刻,日后可能会成为我们快乐的来源广可知I,Jennifer Senior在她的文章中建议抚养孩子可以带来记忆中的幸福,故选C
34.主旨大意题根据第二段的“The magazinecover showingan attractivemother holdinga cutebabyishardly theonly Madonna-and-child imageon newsstandsthis week.There arealso storiesabout newlyadoptive-and newlysingle-mom SandraBullock,as wellastheusual JenniferAniston ispregnant news.Practically everyweek featuresat leastone celebritymom,or mom-to-be,smiling onthe newsstands.在杂志封面上,——位迷人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿,这并不是本周报摊上唯一一张麦当娜和孩子的照片此外,还有关于刚当上养母和单身母亲的桑德拉・布洛克的故事,以及常见的“詹妮弗・安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻实际上,每周至少有一位明星妈妈或准妈妈在报摊上微笑户可知,本段主要展示的是公众非常重视生孩子故选D
35.推理判断题根据第三段的“unhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwith themessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingin theworld:obviously theirmisery mustbeadirect resultof thewide-open baby-size holesin theirlives(不但是那不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”,显然,你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除广可知,那些没有孩子的人经常受到批评故选D
36.推理判断题根据最后一段的“But it is interestingtowonderiftheimages wesee everyweek ofstress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthoodarentinsome small,subconscious waycontributingtoour owndissatisfactions withthe actualexperience,inthesame waythatasmall partof ushoped gettingapartoftheway celebritieslive mightmake uslook justa littlebit likethem.(但有趣的是,我们想知道,我们每周看到的无压力、提高幸福感的父母形象,是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满,就像我们中有一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式,可能会让我们看起来有点像他们厂可知,从最后一段可以推断出明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度故选B Passage10(2022・上海松江•二模)During themost isolatingworldwide pandemicinacentury,its time to takea closerlook atwhat mayresult inloneliness.As agroup,humans developbeing aroundothers,but howmuch andwhat kind of contacteach personneeds to feel partof a community variesamong individualsas wellas overone personsstage oflife.A commonbelief isthattheloneliest peopleare thosewho arealone;actually,its importantto separatethe twoJ saidDr.Perissinotto,a professorof medicineatthe University ofCalifornia.Kids withtheir familiescanbelonely becausethey cantsee thefriends atschool;people whoare notphysically isolatedcan feel lonely becausethe communitydoesnt welcomethemin;and olderadults canexperience lonelinessthrough retirementor death of aloved one.What leadsto lonelinessis muchdeeper thanbeing alone.With thepandemic exacerbatingloneliness issues,an increasingnumber ofhealth professionalsare concernedabout themental andphysical healthrisks associatedwiththefeeling-like depressionand earlydeath,according tothe USCenters forDisease Controland Prevention.Thafs why,experts say,ifs alsotimetolook moreclosely atwhat wecan doabout loneliness.“When itcomes tofighting loneliness,the keyis notlooking atcircumstances andassuming whatfeelings shouldbe associatedwith it,but actuallyasking yourselfifyouare lonely,“Perissinotto said.If yoursolitude(独处)isachoice andyou havepeople whocan supportyou ifyou needhelp,there isno sayingyou cantlive ahappy lifb.And justas solitudedoesnt necessarilyequal loneliness,interaction doesntmean fulfilmentfor everyone,according toHawkley,a principalresearch scientistattheUniversity ofChicago.People canbe aroundothers andfeel lonelyanyway orthey canbe prettymuch singlesouls andnot belonely,Hawkley pointedout.Hawkley dividesconnections intothree primarytypes andholds thatloneliness canstem fromthe sensingof alack ofany ofthem.The firsttype happenswhen someonelike aspouse isso closeto youthat partof youridentity becomesclosely connectedwith hisor hers.Then thereis thesecond type,which youestablish withyour closefriends,as wellasthethird type——those interactionsthat makeyou feelpartofacommunity.”It issuggested thatone identifywhat kind of lossof connection his lonelinessis comingfrom and then evaluatethe quality of hisvarious relationships.Identifying thekindof connection thatone islonging forandthe quality ofthe relationshipshe alreadyhas areimportant firststeps,but whereone goesfrom theredepends entirelyon his specific context.
37.According tothe passage,Perissinotto probablyagrees that.A.people wholive aloneare muchmore likelytofeellonely B.asking someoneif heslonely doesnthelp fightloneliness C.those choosingtobealone donot necessarilyfeel unhappyD.deathofloved onesis themain causeof peoples loneliness
38.The wordexacerbating inparagraph3most probablymeans.A.worsening B.exploring C.confusing D.addressing
39.What canwe concludefromthelast twoparagraphs A.There5renoobvious connectionsamong threedifferent typesof loneliness.B・Hawkley holdsthat peoplelacking oneofthethree connectionsfeellonely.C.Recognizing onesmissing connectionis helpfulin dealingwith loneliness.D.The qualityof onesrelationships isnot soimportant ashisspecific context.
40.What isthepassagemainly aboutA.Differences betweenbeing aloneand lonely.B,Causes ofloneliness andways todeal withit.C.Effects ofa pandemicon peoplesway of keeping connected.D.Reasons fbrpeopleslonelinessand importanceof fightingit.【答案】
37.C
38.A
39.C
40.B【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要讲述在流行病期间导致孤独的原因以及解决方式
37.推理判断题根据第四段中Perissinotto所说的“If yoursolitude(独处)isachoice andyouhavepeople whocan supportyou ifyou needhelp,thereisno sayingyou cantlive ahappy lifb.”(如果你选择独处,且你有可以支持你的朋友,那么没有人会说你不能过上幸福的生活)可知,一个选择独处也可以过上幸福的生活故选C
38.词义猜测题根据第三段“With thepandemic exacerbatingloneliness issues,an increasingnumber ofhealth professionalsare concernedabout themental andphysical healthrisks associatedwiththefeeling-like depressionand earlydeath”(随着这种流行病exacerbating了孤独问题,越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与抑郁和早逝相关的心理和身体健康风险)可推断,流行病使得孤独问题更加严重,才引起了越来越多专家的关注故exacerbating”指“力口居也与“worsening”同义故选A
39.推理判断题根据第五段“It issuggestedthatone identifywhat kindoflossofconnectionhis lonelinessis comingfrom andthen evaluatethequalityof hisvarious relationships.Identifying thekindofconnection thatone islonging forandthequalityofthe relationshipshe alreadyhas areimportant firststeps,but whereone goesfrom theredepends entirelyonhisspecificcontext.”(有人建议,一个人应该确定自己的孤独感是从什么样的联系缺失中产生的,然后评估自己各种关系的质量确定一个人所渴望的关系类型和他已经拥有的关系的质量是重要的第一步,但这完全取决于他所处的特定环境)可知,此段主要描写要确定自己因为缺乏哪种关系而导致孤独因此,从最后两段可知,确定自己缺乏哪一种关系能够更好地应对孤独故选C
40.主旨大意题根据第一段“During themost isolatingworldwide pandemicinacentury,its timeto takea closerlook atwhat mayresult inloneliness.^(在一个世纪以来世界范围内最孤立的流行病期间,是时候仔细看看什么可能导致孤独了)以及上一题的解析可知,文章主要讲述导致孤独的原因以及应对方式故选Bo running)及其存在的问题(Itdoes,however,have itsown problem.),提及正反两方面,由此可推知I,作者的态度是客观的故选B项方法4结合文章关键信息和常识推测文章的来源或者推测阅读对象此类题目要求考生具备一定的常识,这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确的推断比如考生要对报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出最佳答案口折江2020年1月•A]I neverknew anyonewhod grownupin Jacksonwithout beingafraid ofMrs.Calloway,our librarian.She ranJacksons CarnegieLibrary absolutelyby herself.SILENCE inbig blackletters wason signshung everywhere.If shethought youwere dressedimproperly,she sentyou straightback hometo changeyour clothes.I waswilling;I woulddo anythingto read....My mothershared thisfeeling ofmine.Now,Ithinkof heras readingso muchofthetime whiledoing somethingelse.I rememberher readinga magazinewhile takingthe partoftheWolf ina gameof LittleRed RidingHoodwith mybrothers twodaughters.Shed justlook upattheright time,long enoughto answer-in character-The betterto eatyou with,my dear/and goback toher placeinthemagazine article.
23.Where isthe textprobably fromA.A guidebook.B.An autobiography.C.A newsreport.D.A bookreview.【解析】通读全文可知,本文是作者在回忆自己童年时在图书馆阅读的经历,所以本文最可能出自一部自传故选B项Passage1本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处(2022•全国新高考II卷真题)As weage,even ifwere healthy,the heartjust isntas efficientin processingoxygen asit usedtobe.In mostpeople thefirst signsshow upin their50sorearly60s.And amongpeople whodont exercise,the changescan starteven sooner.“Think ofa rubberband.In thebeginning,itisflexible,but putit ina drawerfor20years andit will become dryand easilybroken,says Dr.Ben Levine,a heartspecialist attheUniversityof Texas.Thats what happens tothe heart.Fortunately forthose inmidlife,Levine isfinding that even ifyou haventbeen anenthusiastic exerciser,getting inshape nowmay helpimprove youraging heart.Levine andhis researchteam selectedvolunteers agedbetween45and64who didnot exercisemuch butwere otherwisehealthy.Participants wererandomly dividedinto twogroups.The firstgroup participated inaprogram ofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise-balance trainingand weighttraining-three timesa week.The secondgroup didhigh-intensity aerobicexercise underthe guidanceofatrainer forfour ormore daysa week.After twoyears,thesecondgroup sawremarkable improvementsin hearthealth.“We tookthese50-year-old heartsand turnedthe clockback to30-or35-year-old heartsJ saysLevine.And thereason they got somuch strongerand fitterwas thattheir heartscould nowfill alot betterand pump(泵送)alotmore bloodduring exercise.But the hearts ofthosewhoparticipatedinless intenseexercise didntchange,he says.“The sweetspot inlife tostart exercising,ifyouhavent already,isinlate middleage whenthe heartstill hasflexibility^Levine says.“We puthealthy70-year-olds througha yearlongexercise trainingprogram,and nothinghappened tothem atall.”Dr.Nieca Goldberg,a spokeswomanfortheAmerican HeartAssociation,says Levinesfindings area greatstart.But thestudy wassmall andneeds tobe repeatedwith farlarger groupsof peopleto determineexactly whichaspects ofan exerciseroutine makethe biggestdifference.
32.What doesLevine wantto explainby mentioningthe rubberband A.The rightway ofexercising.B.The causesofa heart attack.C.The difficultyofkeepingfit.D.The agingprocess oftheheart.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题根据第二段的“Think ofa rubberband.In thebeginning,itisflexible,but putitina drawerfor20years andit willbecome dryand easilybroken/says Dr.Ben Levine,aheartspecialist attheUniversityof Texas.That的whathappenstotheheart.(“想想橡皮筋一开始,它是灵活的,但把它放在抽屉里20年,它就会变得干燥,很容易破碎,”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本・莱文博士说这就是心脏的变化户可知,莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程,故选D
33.In whichaspect werethe twogroups differentin termsof researchdesign A.Diet plan.B.Professional background.C.Exercise type.D.Previous physicalcondition.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据第三段的The firstgroup participatedinaprogram ofnonaerobic exercise-balance trainingand weighttraining——three timesa week.The secondgroup didhigh-intensity aerobicexercise underthe guidanceofatrainer forfour ormore daysa week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动-------平衡训练和重量训练第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动户可知,两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同,故选C
35.What doesDr.Nieca Goldbergsuggest A.Making useofthefindings.B.Interviewing thestudy participants.C.Conducting furtherresearch.D.Clarifying thepurposeofthestudy.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段的“But thestudy wassmall andneeds tobe repeatedwith farlarger groupsof peopleto determineexactly whichaspects ofan exerciseroutine makethe biggestdifference.(但这项研究的规模彳艮小,需要在更大的人群中重复进行,以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响广可知,妮卡・戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究故选C Passage2本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力(2022•全国新高考I卷真题)Like mostof us,I trytobemindful offood thatgoes towaste.The arugula(芝麻菜)was tomake anice greensalad,rounding outa roastchicken dinner.But Iended upworking late.Then friendscalled with a dinnerinvitation.I stuckthe chickeninthefreezer.But asdays passed,the arugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;I could have made six salads with what T threw out.In aworld wherenearly800million peoplea yeargo hungry,food wastegoes againstthe moralgrain Jas ElizabethRoyte writesin thismonths coverstory.It,s jaw-dropping howmuch perfectlygood foodis thrownaway一from ugly”(but quiteeatable)vegetables rejectedby grocersto largeamounts ofuneaten dishesthrowninto restaurant garbagecans.Producing food that noone eatswastes thewater,fuel,andotherresources usedto growit.That makesfood wastean environmentalproblem.In fact,Royte writes,if foodwaste werea country,it wouldbethethird largestproducer ofgreenhouse gasesintheworld.^^If thafshard tounderstand,lefs keepit assimple asthe arugulaattheback ofmy refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees myarugula storyall thetime-but forhim,its morelike12bones ofdonated strawberriesnearing theirlast days.Curtin isCEO ofDC CentralKitchen inWashington,D.C.,which recoversfood andturns itinto healthymeals.Last yearit recoveredmorethan807,500pounds offood bytaking donationsand collectingblemished(有瑕疵的)produce thatotherwise wouldhave rottedin fields.And thestrawberries Volunteerswill wash,cut,and freezeor drythem foruseinmeals down the road.Such methodsseem obvious,yet sooften wejust dontthink.Everyone canplay apart inreducing waste,whether bynot purchasingmore foodthan necessaryin yourweekly shoppingor byasking restaurantsto notinclude theside dishyou wonteat JCurtin says.
27.What doestheauthorwanttoshow bytelling the arugula storyA.We paylittle attentionto foodwaste.B.We wastefood unintentionallyat times.C.We wastemore vegetablesthan meat.D.We havegood reasonsfor wastingfood.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题根据第一段中的“Uke mostof us,I trytobemindful offoodthatgoes towaste.(像我们大多数人一样,我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)及But asdays passed,thearugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatTthrewout.(但随着时间的推移,芝麻菜变坏了更糟糕的是,我不假思索地买了太多东西;我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉厂可推知,作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物故选Bo Passage3这是一篇书评本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价(2022•全国•高考乙卷真题)In1916,two girlsof wealthyfamilies,best friendsfrom Auburn,N.Y.一Dorothy Woodruffand RosamondUnderwood一traveled toa settlementintheRocky Mountainsto teachinaone-room schoolhouse.The girlshad goneto SmithCollege.They woreexpensive clothes.So forthem tomove toElkhead,Colo.to instructthe childrenwhose shoeswere heldtogether withstring wasa surprise.Their stayin Elkheadisthesubject ofNothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation ofTwo SocietyGirls inthe Westby DorothyWickenden,who isa magazineeditor andDorothy Woodruffsgranddaughter.Why didtheygothen Well,they wantedtodosomething useful.Soon,however,they realizedwhat theyhad undertaken.They movedin witha localfamily,the Harrisons,and,likethem,had littleprivacy,rare baths,andablanket ofsnow ontheir quiltwhentheywoke upinthemorning.Some mornings,Rosamond andDorothy wouldarrive atthe schoolhouse to findthe childrenweeping fromthe cold.In spring,the snowwas replacedby mudover ice.In Wickendensbook,she expandedonthehistory ofthe Westand alsoon feminism,which ofcourse influencedthe girlsdecision to go toElkhead.A hair-raising sectionconcerns thebuilding ofthe railroads,which entailed(牵涉)drilling throughthe Rockies,often inblinding snowstorms.The bookends withRosamond andDorothys returnto Auburn.Wickenden isa verygood storyteller.The sweepoftheland andthe stoicism(坚忍)ofthepeople moveher tosome beautifulwriting.Here isa pictureof DorothyWoodruff,on herhorse,looking downfromahill top:“When thesun slippedbehind themountains,it sheda rosyglow allaround them.Then afull moonrose.The snowwas markedonly bysmall animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varyinghares,which turnedwhite inthe winter.^^
25.What canwe learnaboutthegirls fromparagraph3A.They enjoyedmuch respect.B.They hada roomwithabathtub.C.They livedwiththelocal kids.D.They sufferedsevere hardships.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题根据第三段“They movedin witha localfamily,the Harrisons,and likethem,had littleprivacy,rare baths,andablanket ofsnow ontheir quiltwhentheywoke upinthemorning.(他们和一个当地家庭,哈里森一家一起搬进去,和他们一样,几乎没有隐私,很少洗澡,早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪厂以及“In spring,the snowwas replacedby mudover ice.(在春天,雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上厂可知,女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦,她们饱受磨难故选D项
27.What isthetextA.A newsreport.B.A bookreview.C.A childrensstory.D.A diaryentry.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段“The bookends withRosamond andDorothys returnto Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden isa verygood storyteller.The sweepoftheland andthe stoicismofthepeople moveher tosome beautifulwriting.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品广可知,本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容,并对其进行了评价,所以文本是一篇书评故选B项Passage1(2022•江西•金溪一中模拟预测)Meredith J.Eberhart completedthe2,190-plus mileAppalachian Trailon Sunday,becoming theoldest personto holdthe honor.Eberhart hasprobably hikedover50,000miles inhis lifethough hedoesnt keeptrack.The83-year-old manstarted walkingwhen heretired morethan25years ago,and neverstopped.Eberhart startedthe261-day,15-state tripback inFebruary,withthegoal ofbeating previousrecord holderDale“GreybeardSanders,who finishedthe entireAppalachian Trailattheageof82in
2017.The trailcovers over2,190miles fromSpringer Mountain,Georgia,all thewaytoMount Katahdin,Maine.However,Eberhart beganhis journeyfar fromthe trail,at hishome inFlagg Mountain,Alabama.That addedhundreds ofextra milestotheroute.But Eberhartwasnt worriedabout that.He oncehiked4,400miles fromthe FloridaKeys toNorthern Quebec,and anothertime fromChicago toCalifornia onRoute
66.Eberhart admittedthat hewas feelinghis ageandthe trail gottough atpoints,even foran experiencedhiker likehimself.He fella fewtimes onslippery rocks,and atone pointhe gothis elbowscratched.However,the accidentsdidnt stophim.Tve gota coupleof injurieson me,but Imokayjhe said.Youve gotto haveincredible determinationtodothis.”Eberhart hikedthe trailout oforder insections sohe couldcomplete eachpart infine weather.Mindful ofhis age,Eberhart walkedatarate ofno morethan eighthours eachday.He finishedhis journeyin Massachusetts,where hecelebrated withchampagne wineand friends.And whilesome peoplethink thiswillbehis lasthike,Eberhart seemsto stronglydisagree.
1.What setEberhart apartfrom otherAppalachian Trailhikers A.The maximumage.B.The longestdistance.C.The minimumtime.D.The steepesttrail.
2.Which wordbest describesEberharfs journeyontheAppalachian TrailA.Relaxing.B.Challenging.C.Pleasing.D.Appealing.
3.Why didEberhart hikethe trailsin randomsections A.To conservehis energy.B.To catchupwithother hikers.C.To makeuseofgood weather.D.To avoidgetting injured.
4.What canwe learnfrom Eberharfssuccess A.Life liesin movement.B.All roadslead toRome.C.He wholaughs lastlaughs longest.D.Its nevertoo latetogoafter dreams.【答案】
1.A2,B
3.C
4.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道83岁老人埃伯哈特徒步走完2190多英里的阿巴拉契亚小径全程,成为走完这条山地徒步线路的最年长者【详解】
1.细节理解题根据第一段Meredith J.Eberhart completedthe2,190-plus mileAppalachian Trailon Sunday,becoming theoldest personto holdthe honor.(上周日,Meredith J.E berhart走完了2190多英里的阿帕拉契小径,成为获此殊荣的最年长的人厂可知,Eberhart与其他的阿帕拉契小径徒步者不同,是因为他是年龄最大的徒步者故选A项
2.推理判断题根据第四段中“He fella fewtimes onslippery rocks,and atone pointhe gothis elbowscratched.However,the accidentsdidnt stophim.Ive gota coupleof injurieson me,but Imokayjhe said.Youve gotto haveincredible determinationtodothis.”(他在光滑的岩石上摔了几次,有一次他的胳膊肘被擦伤了然而,事故并没有阻止他“我身上有几处伤,但我没事,”他说“你必须下定决心去做这件事)可知,Eberhart的旅程是具有挑战性的故选B项
3.细节理解题根据最后一段首句Eberhart hikedthetrailoutoforder insections sohe couldcomplete eachpart infine weather.(Eberhart把步道随即分成几部分徒步旅行,以便在天气好的时候完成每一部分厂可知,Eberhart要在随机的路段徒步旅行,是为了利用最佳天气故选C项
4.推理判断题通读全文,尤其是第一段“Meredith J.Eberhart completedthe2,190-plus mileAppalachian Trailon Sunday,becoming theoldest personto holdthe honor.(上周日,Meredith J.E berhart走完了2190多英里的阿帕拉契小径,成为最年长的获此殊荣的人广可知,本文主要讲了83岁的Eberhart设定目标打破戴尔・桑德斯保持的记录并获得成功,成为走完阿巴拉契亚小径的最年长者这充分说明“追求梦想永远为时不晚:故选D项Passage2(2022•四川省内江市第六中学模拟预测)How farwould yougo tomakea good impressionatanew jobA collegestudent inAlabama walked32kilometres inthe darkto getto hisnew job.The storybegins withWalter Carrscar breakingdownthenight beforestarting anew job.Carr was unable to find a ride.So,he figuredout howlong itwould taketo walkfrom hishouse tothe jobin Pelham—32kilometres away.He leftat midnightso thathe couldmake ittothecustomers houseby8:00am thenext morning.Pelham policesaw himwalking alonga highwayat4:00am.So,they stoppedto seeif heneeded help.After hearinghis story,they tookhim toa restaurantfor breakfastandthentoachurch wherehe couldsafely waituntil8:00am.The policethen tookCarr tothe homeof customerJenny Lamey.Lamey saidthat eventhough Carrhad justwalked theentire night,he refusedher offerto rest.He justwantedtostart working.While heworked,he talkedwiththecustomer,telling herhowmuchhe likedher kitchen.Jenny Lameylater wrotethis onFacebook:I justcant tellyou howtouched Iwas byWalter andhis journey.He iskind andcheerful andhe hasbig dreams!He ishard-working andtough.She thenstarted aGoFundMe pageto helpWalter withmoney to get hiscar fixed.When theCEO ofBellhops,Luke Marklin,learned ofCarrs story,he drovefrom Tennesseeto Alabamato giveWalter hisown2014Ford Escape.Walter Carrsstory touchedmany othersaround theUnited States.Within afew days,people gaveover$73,000totheGoFundMe page.Carr hasdecided to give apartofthe donationstotheBirmingham EducationFoundation.And he has receivedmore offersfor jobsand scholarshipsfor schools.
5.Why didWalter Carrdecide togo to work onfoot A.He wantedto challengehimself.B.He wishedtobeon timeforthe job.C.He wasunable toborrow acar.D.His carwas damagedbeyond repair.
6.What canwe inferabout Carrfrom Paragraph3A.He wasdevoted tohis job.B.He wasblamed byhis customer.C.He calledthe policefor help.D.He startedtoworkafter ashort break.
7.What kindof persondoes Lameythink Carris A.Cautious.B.Generous.C.Ambitious.D.Sensitive.
8.What messagedoesthetext reallyconvey A.One hasto sufferin ordertogeta goodjob.B.A good impression issure tobring onegood money.C.One hastogiveup somethingin returnfor donations.D.The effortsto leaveagoodimpression areto payoff.【答案】
5.B
6.A
7.C
8.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了一个大学生在开始新工作的前一个晚上,车坏了,为了能在第二天早上8点到达客户的家,他半夜就出发他的这份认真感动了许多人,人们纷纷伸出援助之手
5.细节理解题根据第二段“Can*wasunabletofindaride.So,he figuredout howlong itwould taketo walkfrom hishousetothejobin Pelham-32kilometres away.He leftat midnightso thathe couldmake ittothecustomers houseby8:00am thenext moming.(Carr找不到车因此,他计算出从他的家步行到32公里外的pelham的工作地点需要多长时间他在午夜离开,这样他就能在第二天早上8点到达客户的家厂可知,他决定步行去工作的原因是因为他想准时工作故选B
6.推理判断题o根据第三段“Lamey saidthateventhough Carrhad justwalked theentire night,he refusedher offertorest.He justwantedtostart working.While heworked,he talkedwiththecustomer,telling herhowmuchhe likedher kitchen.(Lamey尽管Carr走了一整晚,但他拒绝了她让他休息的提议他只是想开始工作他一边工作,一边和顾客聊天,告诉她他有多喜欢她的厨房户可知,他一心只想着工作故选A
7.推理判断题根据第四段“Jenny Lameylater wrotethis onFacebook:I justcant tellyou howtouched Iwas byWalter andhis journey.He iskind andcheerful andhehasbig dreams!He ishard-working andtough.,5(Jenny Lamey后来在Facebook上写道“我无法告诉你我对Walter和他的旅程有多感动他是善良和开朗,他有很大的梦想!他很努力,也很坚强可知,Lamey认为他善良、开朗,有很大的梦想,也就是有志向、有抱负的选项A“Cautious.(小心谨慎广;选项B Generous(慷慨的广;选项CAmbitious(有抱负的广;选项^Sensitive(敏感的广故选C
8.推理判断题根据第一段“How farwould yougo tomakeagoodimpressionatanew job(在一份新工作中,你要走多远才能给人留下好印象?户以及全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了Walter Carr对待工作的这份努力使得人们对他有好感,并纷纷伸出援手所以文章想要表达的是想给别人留下好印象的努力最终会有回报的故选D Passage3(2022•青海海东・一模)There arepeople livingin almostevery cornerofourcrowded planet.From thetops ofmountains todeep。