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2023年高考英语复习讲练测第15讲阅读理解七选五(溺)时间45分钟满分50分(每题2分)A(2022•全国•高考真题)Important Thingsto KnowWhen DiningOut Culturaldining etiquette(礼节)might surpriseyou withsome ofits importantrules.
1.Knowing some tips willhelp ensurethat you have anenjoyable mealwith friendsor family——no matterwhere youare in the world.Chopstick RulesThe wayyou handlechopsticks isimportant toavoid annoyingyour companions.When youput them down betweenbites,always put them downtogether sothey areparallel withthe edgeof the table infront of you.
2.Hands orUtensils(餐具)In Indiaand theMiddle East,its consideredvery rudeto eat with yourleft hand.People inFrance expectyou to eat witha utensilin eachhand.3,instead preferringto use their hands.In Chile,you maynever touchany foodwith yourfingers.People inThailand generallyusetheirforks onlyto pushfood onto their spoons.Making Requests
4.In Portugal,this wouldbe aserious mistake,because itshows thechef that you dontlike theirseasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never askfor extracheese toadd toyour food.Some of these culturaldining etiquetterules mayseem randomand strange,but they are importantin variouscountries.5,the morecomfortable youllbegin tofeel withits foreigncultural practices.A.The morefriends you make in your lifetimeB.The moretime youspend inany givencountry C.Mexicans considerit inappropriateto eatwith utensilsD.Dont getcaught makingan embarrassingmistake at a restaurantE.Its agood signfbr thechef if youmakea messaround yourplate F.Never stick them upright inyour food or cross them as you use themG.It mayseem likea simple request to ask fbrsalt and pepper at a meal【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情
1.D【解析】根据文章标题“Important Thingsto KnowWhen DiningOut(外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知,本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情由此可知,D项“Dont getcaught makingan embarrassingmistake at a restaurant(不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境,其中“at arestaurant”对应标题中的When DiningOut”,同时引起下文“Knowing some tips willhelp ensurethat you have anenjoyable mealwith friendsor family一no matterwhere youare in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)故选D
2.F【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知,本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则根据上文“When youput themdown betweenbites,always putthemdowntogether sotheyareparallel withthe edgeof the table infront of you.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候,一定要把它们放在一起,这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知,此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式由此可知,F Neverstickthemuprightinyour foodorcrossthemasyouusethem(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中,也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项,符合此处语境,其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”故选F
3.C【解析】根据本段小标题“Hands orUtensils(餐具)”可知,本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题根据上文“In Indiaand theMiddle East,its consideredvery rudeto eatwith yourleft hand.People inFrance expectyou toeatwitha utensilin eachhand.(在印度和中东,用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferringto usetheir hands(相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知,此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题由此可知,C项“Mexicans considerit inappropriatetoeatwith utensils(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的广符合语境,与下文形成转折关系故选C
4.G【解析】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知,本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题根据下文“In Portugal,this wouldbe aserious mistake,because itshows thechef that you dontlike theirseasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never askfor extracheese toadd toyourfood.(在葡萄牙,这将是一个严重的错误,因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧同样,在意大利,永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知,在一些国家,用餐时提出要求是很无礼的由此可知,G项“It mayseem likesimplerequesttoaskfor saltandpepperatameal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境,其中“request”是关键词,说明,在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的故选Go
5.B[解析]根据下文“the morecomfortable youllbegin tofeel withits foreigncultural practices.(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服厂可推知,此处指在一个国家待得越久,就会越习惯当地习俗,且此处是“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,B项“The moretime youspend inany givencountry(你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意,引出下文故选B B(2022•全国•高考真题)Friendship needscare andattention tokeep itin goodhealth.Here arefive waysto sustain(保持)long-distance friendships.•Set aregular dateLong-lasting friendshipsshare thecharacteristic thatboth sidesequally contact(联系)and sharewith oneanother.With busyschedules,squeezing inphone callscan bea challenge.
6.•More isntalways merrierMake sureyou havecommunicated withyour friendabout howfrequently eachofyouwants to be contactedand whatmethod worksbest fbr you both.
7.There arealternatives toconstant writtencommunication,such asleaving voicemessages orhaving agroup chat.•Practise empathy(共情)
8.The friend who isremaining needsto besensitive toall theadditional timedemands placedon the friend whohas moved.The onein thenew environmentshould besympathetic to the factthat your friend mayfeel abandoned..9Anniversaries andbirthdays carryeven moreweight inlong-distance friendships.Although technologymight makeday-to-day communicationpossible,extra effortgoes along wayon specialdays.Simply keepinga diarythat keepstrack offriends,birthdays andother importantdates willmake surenothing slipsby you.•Dont relyon technologyalone[0,but long-distance friendships-even closeones-may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try toseek outchances torenew friendships.How todo itJust spendface-to-face timetogether wheneverpossible.A.Remember importantdates B・Compensate bywriting lettersC.It is also helpfulfbryou tobea friendshipkeeper D.Try tofind atime that works forboth ofyou andstick toit E.Friends needto talkabout theirpreferred methods of communicationF.It iseasy tohave asense ofconnectedness throughsocial mediaG.You may be thefriendwho left orthe onewho wasleft behind【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法
6.D【解析】Jl^^With busyschedules,squeezing inphone callscan bea challenge.^(平日繁忙,很难抽出时间打电话)讲的是双方都很忙碌,很难有时间给对方打电话,D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话,并坚持下去’给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法,符合题意故选D项
7.E【解析】上文“Make sureyou havecommunicated withyourfriendabout howfrequently eachofyouwants tobe contactedand whatmethod worksbest foryou both.(确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过,了解你们想要联系的频率,以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效)提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式,E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文,进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通,下文“There arealternatives toconstant writtencommunication,such asleaving voicemessages orhaving agroup chat.(除了持续的文字交流,还有其他选择,比如留下语音信息或进行群聊)对E项中的“methodsofcommunicatiorT进行了举例说明,上下文语意连贯故选E项
8.G【解析】下文The fHendwho isremaining”(留下来的朋友)和The onein thenew environment”(在新环境中的那个)提到朋友的两个不同处境,G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方,也可能是被留下的那一方指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方,其中“thefriendwholeft”和“the onewho wasleft behind”分别对应下文“The oneinthenew environment”和“The friendwho isremaining^^,所以G项符合题意故选G项
9.A【解析】分析文章结构可知,设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法,是第五段的小标题下文Anniversaries andbirthdays carryeven moreweight inlong-distance friendships.(周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的)讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的,由此推知,这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子,所以A项符合题意故选A项
10.F【解析】设空处所在句子的后半句but long-distance friendships一even closeones一may requiremore consciouseffort tosustain.(但是异地友谊----甚至是关系亲密的友谊可能需要更加自觉地去维系)讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊,其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折,而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结,与后半句requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成转折,而且其中的social media”呼应了该段的小标题Dont relyon technologyalone”(不要仅仅依赖技术)中的“technology”故选F项C(2021•全国•高考真题)If theonly readingyou everdo isthe novelor magazine,the speedat whichyou read-probably doesnot mattervery much.But if youhave to reada greatdeal forstudy,you willappreciate thebenefits ofbeing ableto readmore quickly.]]•Before youopen the book,make surethatyouare comfortable.You needa seat which supportsyour backand the book shouldbe atthe rightdistance fromyour eyes.1213Look atthetableof contents,the preface,the chapterheading,etc.This willhelp youto decidewhether youreally needto readthe wholebook oronly certainparts ofit.Ten minutesspent inthis waycould saveyou quitea lotof timeinthelong run.If youdecide thatyou needto readthe wholebook,decide howmuch you can readatatime.14A historybook whichmay containthe factsin storyform willbe easierto readthan onedealing withscientific subjects.In theformer caseyou may be ableto reada chapter.In thelatter youmay onlybe ableto readone page.Always keepa penciland paperbeside you.15Note alsothe factsimportant foryour purposeas wellas anythingwhich leadsyoutofurther research.You donthavetowrite thesethings indetail.It isenough toputthepage numberand oneor twowords asa reminder.A.Stop tohave arest nowand then.B.Spend afew minuteslooking through thebook.C.This dependson thetype ofbook youare reading.D.Here aresometipsto helpimprove yourreading speed.E.Make anote ofany pagewhich isof specialimportance.F.You mayfind yourselfhaving tolearn somethingby heart.G.Keep theroom coolrather thanwarm toavoid feelingsleepy.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议
11.D[解析]根据上文“If theonly readingyou everdo isthe novelor magazine,the speedatwhichyou read-probably doesnot mattervery much.But ifyouhaveto reada greatdeal forstudy,you willappreciate thebenefits ofbeing ableto readmore quickly.(如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志,那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要但是,如果你必须大量阅读来学习,你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处)”可知,接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法D项Here aresometipsto helpimprove yourreading speed.(这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议)符合语境故选D
12.G【解析】根据本段主题句“Befbre youopen thebook,make surethatyouare comfortable.(在你打开书之前,确保你感到舒服)”可知,本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境G项Keep theroom coolrather thanwarm toavoid feelingsleepy.(保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦)符合语境故选G
13.B【解析】空处为段落主题句根据下文“Look atthetableof contents,the preface,the chapterheading,etc(查看目录、前言、章节标题等)”可知,本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容B项Spend afew minuteslooking throughthebook.(花几分钟浏览一下这本书)符合语境故选B
14.C[解析]根据上文“If youdecide thatyou needto readthe wholebook,decide howmuch youcan readatatime.(如果你决定要读完整本书,决定一下你一次能读多少)”和下文“A historybook whichmay containthe factsin storyform willbe easierto readthan onedealing withscientific subjects.(以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读)”可知,看书时间的长短取决于书的类型C项This dependson thetype ofbook youare reading.(这取决于你读的书的类型)符合语境故选C
15.E【解析】根据段落主题句“Always keepa penciland paperbeside you.(总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸)可知,本段强调要随时注意记笔记E项Make anote ofany pagewhich isof specialimportance.(把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来)符合语境故选E D(2021•北京•高考真题)Music haslong beenconsidered tobe anenjoyable pastimefor many people.16The mental health benefitsfrom music cant beargued.Music couldalso behelping youwith many other health problems behindthe scenes.17However,fbr thesame reason,music canbe verybeneficial if one isin pain.By distracting(分心)the mindfrom thepain,music,people say,can lowerstress and anxiety levels.This,of course,can leadto lesspain.Many peopleenjoy relaxingmusic inthe eveningprior togoing tobed.18While thevalidity ofthe ideais stillbeing assessed,the loweredstress caneven betied backto blood pressure.Similarly,according toresearchers,listening tojust30minutes ofsoft musicevery daymay helpwith healthyblood sugarlevels,throughthelowering ofstress and anxiety.When itcomes toheart health,there isspeculation(推测)that itsnot thestyle of music,but ratherthe tempothat makesit sogood fbryour hearthealth.In oneEuropean study,participants listenedto musicas theresearchers monitoredtheir heart rates andblood pressure.[9On theother hand,when themusic slowed,the participants1stress andanxiety levelsbecame lowerand theeffects onheart ratesappeared tofollow suit.20But thereis awhole rangeof otherhealth issuesthat turningup theradio couldbe beneficialfbr,which iswhat makesmusic sovaluable.A.This feelingcan alsoresult inmanyotherhealthproblems.B.Some expertssay thatmusic canbe harmfulif itis tooloud.C.This ideais alittle off-the-wall butstill hasscientific backing.D.They sayit canplay abig rolein calmingthe brainenough tosleep.E.The implicationsof musicon overallwell-being arereally impressive.F.It isalso highlypopular duetotheindividualized effectson stress andanxiety.G.Interestingly,the morecheerful themusic was,the fastertheir heart rates were.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处
16.F【解析】空格后说“The mentalhealth benefitsfrom music can*t beargued”(音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的),F选项It isalso highlypopular duetotheindividualized effectson stressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照应了mentalhealthbenefits,因此F选项切合题意,故选F
17.B【解析】空格后说“However,for thesame reason,musiccanbe verybeneficial if one isin pain”(然而,出于同样的原因,当一个人处于痛苦中时丁音乐是非常有益的),However表转折,因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价,B选项Some expertssay thatmusiccanbe harmfulif itis tooloud中的harmful就是负面评价,因此B选项切合题意,故选B
18.D【解析】空格前说“Many peopleenjoy relaxingmusic inthe eveningprior togoing tobed”(许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐),D选项They sayit canplay abig rolein calmingthe brainenough tosleep中的sleep和going tobed相呼应,因此D选项切合题意,故选D
19.G【用军析】空格前说“In oneEuropean study,participants listenedto musicas theresearchers monitoredtheir heartrates andbloodpressure”(在欧洲的一项研究中,参与者听音乐,研究人员监测他们的心率和血压),G选项Interestingly,the morecheerful themusic was,the fastertheir heartrates were中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照应,因此G选项切合题意,故选G
20.E【解析】空格后说“But thereisawhole rangeof otherhealth issuesthat turningup theradio couldbe beneficialfor,which iswhat makesmusic sovaluable^^(但是,开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益,这就是音乐如此有价值的原因),因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处,E选项The implicationsofmusicon overallwell-being arereally impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的,因此E选项切合题意,故选E E(2021,全国•高考真题)You fve gotmail...and ifsa postcardPaulo Magalhaes,a34-year-old Portuguesecomputer engineer,loves toopen hismailbox andfind abrightly coloredpicture ofRomes Colosseum.Or AfricasVictoria Falls.Or ChinasGreat Wall.21n I often send postcards to family and friends.he saysto ChinaDaily,H but youcan imagine that after a while,you neverreceive asmany asyou send,and yourealize thatnot everyoneis intoit22Seeking otherlike-minded souls,however,Paulo startedlooking ina somewhatunlikely place:online.Many wouldsay theInternet isa placefor peoplewho havegiven upon thetraditional postalservice,but Pauloshunch(直觉)paid off.Today hishobby hasdeveloped intothe websitepostcrossing.com,a socialnetwork thathas grownto575,217registered usersin214countries andregions sincehe startedit10years ago.23Running the website hasalmost turnedinto afull-time job.Language iscertainly aharrier formanypeople.For postcrossingto workworldwide,a commoncommunication languageis neededso thateveryone canunderstand eachother.As coolas itmaybeto receivea postcard written inChinese,the conceptdoesn*tworkifonedoesn ft understandit.24So acommon languageis requiredand inpostcrossing thatsEnglish sinceit*s widelyspoken.“Many peoplein Chinahave limitedexposure toEnglish.25That said,we knowof manypostcrossing members,including Chinese,who haveactually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,n Paulosays.A.And that*s totallyfine B.That makesit extrahard tolearn andpractice itC.He likesto thinkof sendingpostcards asa family-friendly hobbyD.Many loveto makea connectionwith someonefrom acrossthe world.E.On August5,the numberof postcardsexchanged bymembers topped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeak onlyChinese,receiving acard in Swedish takes part ofthe fun away.G.In short,he lovespostcards,and theexcitement ofgetting ahand-written notefrom someonefar away.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人,于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人,因而创立了postcrossing.com随着公司在全球不断壮大,语言成为沟通的主要障碍,后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流
21.G【解析】上文“Paulo Magalhaes,a34-year-old Portuguesecomputer engineer,loves toopen hismailbox andfind abrightly coloredimage ofRome fs Colosseum.Or Africa^Victoria Falls.Or ChinasGreat WalL(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱,然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好下文”…and yourealize thatnot everyoneis intoit.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人选项GIn short,he lovespostcards,and theexcitement ofgetting ascribbled notefrom someonefar away.(简而言之,他喜欢明信片,也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋户起到承上启下的作用,总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片,也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题故选G项
22.A【解析】上文““Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends/1he saysto ChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,you neverreceive asmany asyou send,and yourealize thatnot everyoneis intoit(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片,”他说,“但你可以想象,过一段时间,你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多,而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样”户说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好,因此他也很坦然接受这个事实,因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境故选A项
23.E【解析】上文“Today hishobby hasevolved intothewebsitePostcrossing.com,a socialnetwork thathas grownto575,217registered usersin214countries andregions sincehe launchedit10years ago.(如今,他的这个爱好已经发展成了Postcrossing.com这个社交网站自从10年前他创建这个网站以来,已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况,因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日,会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张是在介绍该网站相关的数据故选E项
24.F【解析】上文“As coolas itmaybeto receivea postcardwritten inChinese,the conceptdoesnt workifonedoesn ft understandit.(收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷,但如果你不理解它,这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题选项『Similarly,ifyouspeak onlyChinese,receiving acardwritteninSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.(同样地,如果你只会说中文,收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣广是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题两句相结合,符合结论句的语义要求,故选F项
25.B【解析】上文“Many peoplein Chinahave limitedexposure toEnglish.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高结合下文…who actuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseofpostcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能广可知,写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道因此选项B“这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难”符合语境要求,说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高,因为渠道较少故选B项。