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专题十五简单句、并列句和反意疑问句
一、简单句简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构,而且句子的各个成分都只是单词和短语也就是说,如果一个句子里出现两个或更多并列的主语共同使用一个谓语,或一个主语后面接两个或多个并列的谓语,或者两个主语后面接两个谓语,我们都应视其为简单句Not onlyTom but also histwo sisterstake greatinterest inpiano.不仅汤姆,而且他的两个姐姐也对钢琴感兴趣The mangot up,put onhis coat,hurried downstairsand runout into the street.那个人起床,穿上大衣,匆匆忙忙下了楼,跑到了街上
二、并列句并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起,但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号He hesitatedfor amoment beforekicking theball,otherwise hewould havescored agoal.在射门前他迟疑了一下,要不然的话,他就进了一球He cameto myclass everyweek,but hisattitude suggestedhe wasnot reallyinterested in the subject.每周他都会来上我的课,但从他的态度中我知道他对这门课程并不是真的感兴趣
三、反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句其结构为前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单问句完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定Your brotherhas goneto thelibrary,hasn ft he你弟弟去图书馆了,是吗?He wasa lazychild,and hedidnt pass the exam,did he他是一个懒孩子,他没能通过考试,是吗?This isthe secondtime that he has been toJapan,isnt it这是他第二次去日本,是吗?在近几年的高考试题中对简单句、并列句和反意疑问句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面
一、简单句
1.考查简单句中的并列成分Tired andhungry,the old man couldntwalk anyfurther.老人又累又饿,走不动了The twogirls walkedalong thepath,talking andlaughing.那两个女孩沿小路走着,有说有笑The mantied thehorse toa treeand wentinto theinn.那个人把马栓到一棵树上,走进了酒馆
2.考查情景对话中的简单句的用法1一Shall wego outfor dinnertonight今晚我们出去吃饭吧?一That soundsgreat.刃口太好了!32一It shouldnttake longto clearup afterthe partyif weall volunteerto help.聚会后如果我们都帮忙的话很快就会收拾干净一Thats right.Many handsmake lightwork.是的人多力量大
二、并列句
1.考查so,and,not only...butalso...,neither…nor…等表示先后、递进关系的并列连词All thepreparations forthe taskhave beencompleted,and we*re readyto start.这项任务的所有准备工作都已完成,我们正准备着手做它Not onlydoes shespeak Spanish,she alsoknows howto type.她不但会说西班牙语,还会打字呢
2.考查or,or else,either…or…等表示选择关系的并列句Come andhave lunchwith me;either Tuesdayor Wednesday.来和我共进午餐,星期二或者星期三
3.考查but,yet,still,however等连接的表示相反或者转折的并列句They arenot verygood,but welike toplay basketballwith themanyway.他们球技不是很好,但不管怎样我们还是喜欢和他们打篮球
三、反意疑问句
1.考查祈使句的反意疑问句Dont playfootball in the street,will you不要在街上打篮球好吗?
2.考查lets…的反意疑问句Lets gohome together,shall we我们一起回家好吗?
3.考查陈述部分带有little,few,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义的词的反意疑问句He seldomtakes abus to school,does he他很少乘公共汽车去学校,对吗?
4.考查复合句的反意疑问句They said that youhad finishedyour homework,didnt they他们说你做完作业了,是吗?高考真题探究(2006—2011年)[2011重庆卷2811told themnot everybodycould runas fastas youdid,A.could he B.didnt IC.didnt youD.could they【答案】B【考点】考查反义疑问句【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致陈述部分为肯定,故附加部分为否定,本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I toldthem……,所以选择B句意我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快,不是吗?[2011辽宁卷33】a strangeplant!Ive never seen itbefore.A.Which B.What C.How D.Whether where【答案】B【考点】考查感叹句【解析】句意多么奇怪的植物啊!我以前从没见过此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n.+it is/was”的省略结构,故B项正确[2011上海卷30]It doesntmatter ifthey wantto cometo yourparty,A.doesnt itB.does itC.dont theyD.do they【答案】B【考点】考查反义疑问句【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致陈述部分为否定,故附加部分为肯定,句意他们是否来参加你的派对,没有关系,是吗?K10全国I3I haveseldom seenmy motherpleased withmy progressas sheis now.A.so B.very C.too D.rather R答案U AR考点』此题考查so…as.…的固定结构K解析I句意我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心此题考查so…as…•的固定结构,题干中的关键词是as,译为“像.・…一样,正如…・.一样:因此选择A K09湖南I Youand Icould hardlywork together,A.could youB.couldnt IC.couldnt weD.could weK答案I D K考点』反义疑问句的用法K解析潸艮据陈述部分是肯定形式,疑问部分用否定形式;反之陈述部分中含有否定词hardly,故疑问部分用肯定形式,主语是you andI故应选DK09陕西I Hemust behelping theoldmanto waterthe flowers,A.is heB.isnt heC.must heD.mustnt heK答案』B K考点I考查反意疑问句K解析I陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must,但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测,将其不看作情态动词而must后有助动词be,故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成,选B K09四川H—I wonderyoull waterthis kindof flower.一Every otherday.A.how oftenB.how longC.how soonD.how muchK答案1A K考点』相似疑问词的区别K解析I根据答语Every otherday可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花how often问频率,符合题意09上海U Sallysneverseena playintheShanghai GrandTheatre,A・hasnt sheB.has sheC・isnt sheD.is sheK答案』B K考点I此题考查反意问句K解析I Sallys的完全形式是Sally has,判断反意问句部分用助动词has;never表示否定,因此反意问句部分用肯定答案B K09辽宁]]Its the first timethathehasbeento Australia,A isntheBhasnt heC isntit Dhasnt itK答案》c K考点I此题考查反意问句K解析I陈述部分是主从复合句时,其反意疑问部分的构成常以主句为判断依据答案C K08湖南》the websiteof theFire Departmentin yourcity,and you will learna lotabout firefighting.K答案I DK考点』此题考查祈使句+and+简单句K解析I祈使句+and+简单句,相当于if引导的条件状语从句K08江苏I It is oftensaidthatthe joyof travellingis inarriving at your destinationinthejourney itself.K答案I DK考点》此题考查并列句式K解析I noJbut…不是……而是……,连接两个并列成分句意为:据说旅游的快乐不在于你所到达的地方而在于旅程本身K07d匕京5When youve finished with that book,dont forgetto putit backon theshelf,9K答案工c K考点I祈使句的反意疑问句K解析I祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will youoK07上海H Thelittle boycame ridingfull speeddown themotorway onhis bicycle.it was!K答案I AK考点I本题考查感叹句K解析I What a dangerousscene it was!=How dangerousthe scenewas!K06全国I HMary,here-everybody else,stay whereyou are.K答案H AK考点H考查祈使句的用法K解析I本题考查了祈使句的用法Mary和everybody else作为呼语出现,后面的句子为祈使句,省略了第二人称的主语you,故应用动词原形06全国H XWe forgotto bringour tickets,but pleaselet usenter,K答案』C K考点I此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句K解析』祈使句的反意疑问句通常用win you,意思是“好吗,可以吗”K06福建]]Im sureyoud rathershe wenttoschoolby bus,K答案』B K考点I本题考查反意疑问句K解析I在反意疑问句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think,suppose,believe,imagine,be sure等,且主语为第一人称,简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应,而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致K06重庆I andIll getthe workfinished.K答案』B K考点I本题考查“祈使句+and+简单句”的用法,K解析I本题考查“祈使句+and+简单句”的用法,其中祈使句可转换成名词短语,如One moreword andIll beatyou flat.因此B项正确如果选C,D两项,要去掉ando模拟试题探究
1.(2010江苏盐城高三调研)一Andrew wontlike it,you know.—I dontcare whatAndrew thinks!A.So whatB.So whereC.So whyD.So how【答案与解析】A根据下文的“我不在乎安德鲁怎么想”判断,应选A项,意为“那又怎么样呢?”
2.(2010安徽安庆一中高三模拟)Help otherswhenever youcan youwill make the world a nicer place to live in.A.but B.or C.unless D.and【答案与解析】D这是“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,相当于一个含有条件状语从句的句子If youhelp otherswhenever youcan,youwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.
3.(2010陕西五校高三模拟)When you*vefinishedwiththatbook,dont forgetto putit backone theshelf,A-do youB.don*tyouC.will youD.wont you【答案与解析】C肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可用will you或wont you,但否定的祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will youo
4.(2010河北保定市高三二模)You havefailed twotests.Youd betterstart workingharder,you wontpassthecourse.A.and B.so C.but D.or【答案与解析】D L否则;不然的话”,引导并列句
5.(2010山西康杰中学高三四模)If youtalk niceand polite,people listento you.If youshout,this isno good,【答案与解析】C句子的主语为this,that时,反意问句的主语用it
6.(2010四川绵阳高考模拟)You maynot haveplayed verywell today,but atleast youvegot throughto thenext roundand.A.tomorrow nevercomes B.tomorrow isanother dayC.never putoff tilltomorrow D.there isno tomorrow【答案与解析】B该题需根据上下文的语义判断,tomorrow isanother day明天又是新的一天”
7.(2010浙江杭州高三二模)it was!A.What asplendid sceneB・What splendida sceneC.How asplendid sceneD.How splendidthe scene【答案与解析】A scene是可数名词同时又是中心词,所以选A项,用How来引导则为How splendida sceneitwas!
8.(安徽省合肥市2010高三年级模拟试卷)Between thetwo generations,it isoften nottheir age,their educationthat causesmisunderstanding.A.like B.as C.or D.but【答案与解析】D根据前面的not判断,句子的上下文为转折关系,所以用buto题意为“两代人之间,不是他们的年龄,而是教育引起了误解”
9.(2010福建龙岩一中高考模拟)一What doyou knowfrom thesignpost—It thedirection ofLondon from here.A.announces B.explains C.points D.indicates【答案与解析】D announce宣布;explain解释;point(to)”指向;indicate标示”题意为“它标示了从这里去伦敦的方向
10.(2010东北师大附中高三模拟)一I shouldhave gonetothewonderful concertwith youyesterday.—Whatapity!,I wishI wouldhave anothersuch chance.A.If possibleB.No problem【答案与解析】A ifpossible如果有可能的话”,与上下文语意相符no problem“没问题”;so what“那又怎么样呢;what for为什么”,都不符合题意
11.(2010长沙长郡中学高三一模)一Jack boughta newmobile phonethe otherday.—Thats histhird onein justone month.A.Had heB.Did heC.Does heD.Has he【答案与解析】B根据上文的bought可知,此处应用did
12.(2010厦门一中高三模拟)felt funnywatching myselfon TV.A.One B.This C.It D.That【答案与解析】C it作主语代替后面的watching myselfon TV
13.(2010江苏如白本一中高三模拟)All flightshad beencalled offthe terribleweather,so theyhad togo thereby train.A.instead ofB.in spiteof【答案与解析】D because产由于;因为后接名词、代词或名词性从句
14.(2010东北三校联考)and outof breath,Andy andRuby werethefirstto reachthe topof MountTai.【答案与解析】B tired“疲惫的常用来指人;tiring“令人疲倦的“,常用来指事物
15.(2010西安四校统考)Itisso niceto hearfromher.,we lastmet morethan thirtyyears ago.C.In otherwords D.Believe it or not【答案与解析】D believeitorno俨信不信由你”。