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人教版英语-九年级-宾语从句+状语从句-解析
(一)宾语从句【教学目标】熟练掌握宾语从句的重难点和考点内容【教学重点】
1.宾语从句的引导词
2.宾语从句的语序【教学难点】宾语从句语序的正确使用【教学内容一】一个句子在另一个句子中充当成分,叫宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作的宾语
1.作动词的宾语,位于之后----1heard that he wouldcome herelater on.
2.作介词的宾语,位于之后——he saidnothing aboutwho brokethe windowlast night.
3.作形容词的宾语,位于某些特定的之后,在afraid,certain,glad,happy,pleased,sure,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示感情的形容词后可接宾语从句——Im sorryyou arehaving troublein makingfriends.【教学内容二】宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类
1.由that引导的宾语从句That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式中可.---he saidhe wanted to stay at home.---1am surehe willsucceed.---she doesntknow she is seriouslyill.
2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句If和wether在句中的意思是.在whether...or not结构中不能用if替换——I dont knowjf therewill bea busany more.
1.常用的引导词有that(结果,以至),so that(结果,以至),so…that(如此……以至),such…that(如此.....以至)等如The temperatureis increasedso that the volumeof gasbecomes greater.The mountainis sohigh that she cantclimb itup to the top.It issuch a lovely daythat everybodyfeels happyand gay.注l)so...that和such...that都是引导结果状语从句的从属连词,它们都表示“如此……以至”,但其要求的句型结构不一样so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句s o+man y/mu ch/ft w/little+名词+that从句V such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句such+形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句such+a lot ofYlots of+名词+that从句I如He ranso fastthat hisbrother couldntcatch upwith him.He issuch anaughty boythat hebecomes unwelcome in hisneighborhood.2)当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序如So cleverwas hethat he was able to workout allthe difficultproblems.
2.除结果状语从句外,too…to…(太..而不能....),enough to…(能够),
50.
1.as to...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果如He didntget upearly enoughto catch the bus.=He got up toolate tocatchthe bus.=He gotup solate asto missthebus.
八、比较状语从句常用的引导词有than(比.....),as...as(如....一样....)Jthe+比较级…,the+比较级…(越……越……)等如The morethey discoverabout thebrain,the morequestions theycant answerin thatarea.要点提示有关比较状语的问题请看前面”形容词与副词的比较级和最高级”一章这里只提醒一个关于比较状语从句的问题那就是than和as...as中的第二个as都是连词,后面若是人称代词,常用主格形式如:Her motheris notas tallas she is.I dontthink thathe istaller thanI.
九、状语从句中的省略
1.若从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,同时从句中又含有系动词be,则通常省去从句的主语和系动词be而保留其余部分如:While shewas veryyoung,she began to studyEnglish.
2.若从句主语是it,动词是系动词be,则通常省去主语it及系动词be而保留其余部分如Everything went on betterthan ithad beenexpected.
3.若从句中部分内容与主句中的部分内容相同,可将从句中的此部分内容省略如She hasno money.If she has any,she willgive us.【考点诠释】考点1状语从句的时态高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法如
①He saidhe wouldgo toJapan forholiday when he finishedwriting thebook.
②Even ifit snowstomorrow,the performancewont becalled off.考点二状语从句的结构高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句,如nomatter+疑问词;whatever,however,as引导的让步状语从句;the+比较级…,the+比较级〃中的比较状语从句等如
①The harderyou work,the betteryour studieswill be.
②No matterwhat seriousdifficulties hemet with,he couldalways overcome them.考点3状语从句的省略在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分如果从句中有“it is+形容词〃,也可以省略it is如:
①Once printed,this dictionarywill bevery popular,(once后省去了it is)
②Do notleave thebuilding untilinstructed to do SO.(until后省去了you are)考点4从属连词的选择和辨析高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词,如引导时间状语从句的immediately,the moment,every time,once;引导条件状语从句的as longas;引导原因状语从句的now that,since;引导让步状语从句的even if,even though;引导目的状语从句的in case,in order that等如
①We hadntmet for20years,but Irecognized himthe momentI sawhim.(时间状语从句)
②We shouldbring aknife in case thatthere aleany dangerousanimals there.(目的状语从句)考点5where引导地点状语从句要注意where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别如©The flowergrows bestwhere it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好(地点状语从句)
②The flowergrows bestin the place whereitoftenrains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好(定语从句)课堂练习
1.hes old,he canstill carrythis heavybag.A.Though B.Since C.For D.So
2.---Do youknow if he toplay basketball withus---1think hewill comeif hefree tomorrow.A.comes;is B.comes;will beC.will come;is D.will come;will be
3.In thezoo ifa childinto thewater andcant swim,the dolphinsmay comeup him.A.will fall;to helpB.falls;to helpC.will fall;help D.falls;helping
4.1dont rememberhe workedin thatcity whenhewasyoung.A.what B.which C.where D.who
5.We willstayathome ifmy auntto visitus tomorrow.A.comes B.come C.will comeD.is coming
6.The policeasked thechildren crossthe streetthe trafficlights turnedgreen.A.not;before B.dont;when C.not to;until D.not;after
7.1was late for classyesterday therewas somethingwrong withmy bike.A.when B.that C.until D.because
8.Til goswimming withyou ifI freetomorrow.A.will beB.shall beC.am D.was
9.In theexam,the youare,the mistakesyou willmake.A.careful;little B.more careful;fewest C.more careful;fewer D.more careful;less
10.You shouldfinish yourlessons yougo outto paly.A.beJore B.after C.when D.while
11.1hurried Iwouldn/t belateforclass.A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless
12.When youread thebook,youd bettermake amark you have any questions.A.which B.that C.where D.though
13.The teacherraised hisv_oice allthe studentscould-hear him.A.for B.so that C.because D.in order
14.He tookoff hiscoat he felt hot.A.because B.as C.ifD.since
15.It isthat wedlike togo outfor awalk.A.alovelyday B.too lovelya dayC.so lovelya dayD.such lovelya day
16.Mary hadmuch worktodothatshestayed ather officeall day.A.such B.so C.too D.very
17._I feltvery tired,I triedto finish the work.A.Although B.Because C.As D.As if
18.the daywent on,the weathergot worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As
19.well youcan drive,you mustdrive carefully.A.So longas B.In orderthatC.No matterhow D.The moment
20.Write to me as soon asyou toBeijing.A.will getB.get C.getting D.got
21.No matterhow hardhe worked,.A.he could not do any betterB.and he could notdo anybetter C.so hecould notdo anybetter D.but hecouldnotdoanybetter
22.The Italianboy wasregarded asa herohe gavehis lifefor hiscountry.A.according toB.because ofC.on accountof D.because
23.He was about toleave myhouse itbegantorain.A.while B.as C.when D.since
24.Ten minutesearlier,we couldhave caughtthe lasttrain.A.or B.but C.and D.so
25.you do,try yourbest.A.Whenever B.Wherever C.Whatever D.However
26.,hehasbeen deadfor twomonths.A.Believe it or notB.If youbelieve itor notC.Whether believeor notD.You believeitornot
27.there wereno buses,they hadto walktothecinema.A.WhileB.For C.Unless D.As
28.he iseasy toget alongwith,I decideto share the roomwith him.A.Now that B.Since thatC.Because ofD.For which
29.China has a largerpopulation.A.than thatAmerica B.as AmericaC.than AmericaD.than thatof America
30.He succeededin gettingthe goldmedal.A.as expectingB.than expectedC.than expectingD.as expected练习答案
1.A2,C
3.B
4.C
5.A
6.C
7.D
8.C
9.C
10.A
11.B
12.C
13.B
14.A
15.C
16.B
17.A
18.D
19.C
20.B21-
30.ADCCC ADACD---1want toknow he lives here.---he askedmeicould helphim.---nobody knewhecouldpass theexam.
3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how,引导的宾语从句连接词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当.---do youknow who/whom they are waitingfor---he askedwhose carwas thebest!---can youtell mewhere theNo.3bus stopis【课堂练习1]
1.——be care!Dont breakthe window.Do youhear isaid TomA.what B.thatC.why
2.——the teacherasked the new studentclass hewas in.A.which B.where C.if
3.---he askedme told metheaccident.A.whom B.which C.who
4.——can youtell meyou wereborn,Betty A.who B.what C.when答案1-5:AACC【教学内容三】重点考点宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序即使主句为疑问句语序,从句也用陈述句语序---1wantedtoknow when the trainleft.---1dont knowwhat theyare lookingfor.---Could youtell mewhenthetrain willleave【课堂练习2]
1.---Do youknow wherenow A.helivesB.does helive C.he lived
2.---1cant understand.A.what doesChristmas meanB.what Christmasmeans C.what Christmasmean
3.---There isnot muchdifference betweenthe two.I reallydont know.A.what shouldI chooseB.which Ishould chooseC.which shouldI choose
4.——I dontknow ornot.A.whether he is athome B.ifheis athome C.whether ishe athome
5.---1dontknow.can youtell meA.how the two players are oldB.how oldarethetwo playsC.how oldthetwoplayersare答案1-5:ABBAC【教学内容四】时态1:主句为一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态2主句为一般过去时,从句为相应时态3从句表述客观事实,真理,自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时Eg;---he answeredthathewas listeningtome.He alwayssays thathe wantsto bea doctorwhenhegrows up.My fatheroften taughtme thatpractice makesperfect【课堂练习3]1:Please tellme lastyear.A:where doesyour sisterworko BWhere didyour sisterwork.C:where yoursister works.D:where yoursister worked.2:1didnt knowA:what wrongwas withher.B:what waswrong withher.C:what wrongis withher.D:what iswrong withher my
3.1gotupearly thismorning grandmaattheairport.A.to pickup B.picking upC.picked up
4.Yesterday,I thesubway homewhen Isuddenly foundI wason thewrong line.A.took B.was takingC.had taken
5.-Mary,do youprefer weekdaysor weekends-Of courseweekdays.Because Imon weekends.A.busy B.much busierC.the busiest
6.-Is thisthenewdictionary yougot yesterday-Yes.Now itsvery convenientfor meto lookup words.A.thatB.why C.what
7.The openingof the2018World Cupin Russiathis evening.So afterour Englishexam jetsgo andwatch itto relaxourselves!A.Would beheld B.is heldC.will beheld答案1-7:DAABBAC
(二)状语从句【教学目标】定义用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句【教学重点】功能它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等,有时修饰整个句子【教学难点】位置状语从句的位置较活可以放在主句之前,用逗号与主句隔开;也可以放在主句之后,一般不用逗号由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况,所以常见的状语从句有九种之多各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同
一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有很多,现将分类用法如下:
1.从属连词when,while与as连用法谓语动词意义例句词whe延续性动当……时When theyheard the从句的动作和主句的n news,they alljumped动作可以同时发生,也词候with joy.可以先后发生可以指非延续性I owedJack$100时间的某个点,也指一动词when I was inLondon.段时间as延续性动随着……The studentssang as从句的动作与主句的they walked.动作同时发生可以指词As hestood up,he时间的某个点,也指一非延续性...;dropped theglass,段时间动词一边....breaking itinto pieces.当……时候whi从句的动作与主延续性动当……时While I was le词候reading,he camein.句的动作同时发生,I madesome foreign强调一段时间从句在……期friends while Iwasin中常用过去进行时态间London.或一般过去时态注lwhen还可作并列连词,其意义为“那时,这时”,相当于and atthis/that time常用于下列句式sb.was doingsth.when…某人正在干某事就在这时......sb.wasaboutto/going todo sth.when…某人正打算干某事就在这时.......sb.body hasjust donesomesth.when…某人刚干了某事就在这时.......2when还表示原因“既然”如It wasfoolish ofyou totake ataxi whenyou couldeasily walkhere infive minutes.3while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比He likespop music,whileI am fondof folkmusic.4如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when,while与as可互换使用如When/While/As Iwas walkingdown thestreet,I cameacross anold friend of mine.
2.从属连词assoonas,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...,once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,意为“一……就……从句中用一般时态代替将来时态如Once youremember it,youll neverforget it.The momentI heardthe voice,I knewfather wascoming.
3.tilL until(not…until/tiH…直到..才)连词用法动词意义例句till/until一直到……ril stayhere主语和从句都主句的动词til用肯定式为连续性动词为止l/until therain stops.not...till/un主句用否定主句的动直到....才He didntgo til形式,从句用肯定形式词为非连续性动词home till/until hefinished hishomework.注1)tin不可以置于句首,而until可以置于句首如Until youtoldmeI hadno ideaof it.2)如果将“notuntiL.”结构放在句首,那么主句要写成倒装句如Not untilwe pointedout theirfault tothem didthey realizeit.
4.every time,each time,next time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当……,每次……,下次……如Every/Each timeIwasin trouble,he wouldcome tohelp meout.Next timeyou come,do rememberto bringyour sonhere.
二、地点状语从句
1.常用的引导词有where(在.....地方),wherever(无论在什么地方)等指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后,表示抽象条件时,从句须放在主句之前如The universitygraduates aredetermined togo wherevertheyareneeded most.They areplanting treeswhere there is plentyof waterand sunlight.Where thereis awill,thereisa way.有志者事竟成
2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句Youd bettermake amark where youhave anyquestions.(状语从句)Youd bettermake amark attheplacewhere youhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)
三、条件状语从句1,常用的引导词有if(如果,假如),unless(除非,要不……就不),as longas(只要),so longas(只要),provided(that)(只要),suppose/supposing(假设),on condition(that)(如果)等如I maynot cometo seeyou recentlyunless Ican completethe projectahead oftime.We cansurely attainour goalas longas we are unitedas one.What shallwe doif wecan notget thenecessary dataThey promisedto letus havea meetingin theiroffice oncondition(that)we couldkeep itclean.
2.要点提示1)在表示条件的状语从句中,既可以用直陈语气作“真实条件句”,也可以用虚拟语气作“非真实条件句”至于把句子作成哪一种条件句,要依照“有关语法规则”和“表达意思的需要”而定2)用unless引导条件状语从句时,要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的unless=if...not...因此,我们在逻辑上要注意英文句子的用法和中文句子的译文特别是当主句是否定句时,逻辑上的意思就成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了如I willnot goto theirparty unlessI aminvited.这个句子的实际意义等于I willnot goto theirparty ifIamnot invited.这就是说,“我不去参加聚会”的条件是“我没有受到邀请”“不去”与“没有受到邀请”就构成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了)假如他们不邀请我,我不会去参加他们的聚会He willfinish thework intime unlesssomething unexpectedhappens.He willfinishthework intime ifsomething unexpecteddoes nothappen.
四、原因状语从句
1.常用的引导词有because因为,as由于,since既然,由于,now that既然,由于,not that...but that不是因为....而是因为.....,seeing that,considering that等如He cantdeliver hislectures todaybecause hehas gota badcold.I maynot be abletoattend yourwedding partynot becauseIm notwilling tobut becauseFve beencaught bysomething recently.
2.要点提示1)从属连词用法区别区别位置内涵语能否能否被气回答强调why because因为主句前或直接因果关系强能能后as由于主句前或后主句前不能since/now that既然弱不能双方都知道的原因主句前if/when主句前或后
五、让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though(虽然),although(虽然),even if(即使),even though(即使),as(尽管),while(虽然),whether...]…(无论还是),no matter+疑问词(无论)
1.though或although引导让状语从句although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用如He isunhappy though/although hehasa lotofmoney.Although/Though itwas raininghard,yet theywentonplaying football.注though还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末如He saidhe wouldcome;he didntthough.他说他会来,可是他没有来
2.当as作“尽管,虽然”的意思讲引导让步状语从句时,从句往往放在主句的前面,而且用作让步的部分(表语、状语或动词原形)总是提前到句首若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词如Child asheis,he knowsalot.Old asheis,heisstill energetic.Try ashe might,he couldntsolve theproblem.Much asyou suspectedhim,you couldntprovide powerfulevidence.
3.whether...or(不管...)疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管.......,无论....)however(不管怎样),whatever(无论什么),whoever(无论谁)no matterwhen(how,what,who,where,which)无论何时(怎样,什么,谁,何地,哪个)等如Air existseverywhere althoughwe cantsee it.No matterwhereyougo onthe earth,you willfeel thegravity.Well startour meetingon timewhether hecomes ornot.Even ifweareapproaching theendofthe experiment,we stillhave notime tolose.注whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句如:You cantake whateveryou like.
七、结果状语从句。