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中考英语复习专题——专题10:定语从句专项复习央哈MHJ一且都是仞中央I苜宇刁6里总和XB忌,仞中宇dtrVMHJe次喑从句、宾语从句、定语从句,这些都是我们要重点复习的内容今天,我们一起来进入专题10:定语从句专项复习定语从句作为初中英语的难点,在语篇阅读中对定语从句的考查必不可少因此掌握定语从句的简单用法是非常有必要的在做此类试题时,首先确定先行词是指物还是指人,指人就从that,who,whose,whom中选择;指物就从that,which中选择然后再根据关系词在从句中所作的成分来确定到底应该用哪一个关系词1定语从句概述在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前引导定语从句的是关系代词thcit,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词whenz wherezwhv o关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分先行关系词作用例句词thatwh主语、O,宾Doyouknowtheold manwho/that isstanding underthetree你认识whom人语、表站在树下的那个老人吗(只作语宾语)主语、thatz whi宾She gota computerwhich/that herparents bought for her,她有一台物ch语、表电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的语The boywhose father is a doctorstudies veryhard.这个男孩学习非人/常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生whose定语物The roomwhose windowis openis mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的1still rememberthedaywhen you leftfor Beijing.我彳乃然t己得彳尔前when状语时间往北京的那一天This isthe schoolwhere mymother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学where状语地点校Could youexplain thereason whyyou werelate你能解释一下你迟why状语原因到的原因吗?2关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语A doctoris aperson wholooks afterQ QQtient.先行词主语谓语宾语句意:医生就是照顾病人的人
1.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导I当先行词是11,1升tie,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时Is thereanything that you dontunderstand你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtold his motherall that had happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈2当先行词前面有the onlyjheveryjhe last等修饰时This isthe onlybook thatI canfind.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书3当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时This isthe bestbook thatI haveever read,这是我读过的最好的书4当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时Which isthe hotelthatyoulike best哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?
2.关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略111never forget the dayon whichI joinedthe club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天注意:thot,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略Who isthe boythat istalking withour teacher正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?3关系副词的用法This isthe factorywhere my father works.先行词地点状语主语谓语句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂l.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语I still remembertheyearwhen yougraduated fromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然i己得你从八中毕业的那一年
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reason一词We don、know thereason whyhe waslate forschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语That isthe schoolwhere Istudied threeyears ago.那就是我三年前就读的学校4定语从句解题技巧Running Manis avery relaxingTV programwhich ispopularamongtheyoung people.主句Running Manis avery relaxingTV program从句:which ispopular amongthe youngpeople先行词TV program关系代词which因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项,如whato在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则
(1)一看指人还是物先行词指人thcit,who,whose,whom先行词指物that,which,whose
(2)二看句中作何用主语who(A),which(物),that(人/物)宾语who/whom(人),which(物)z that(人/物)定语whose(人/物)状语where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)如My brotherlikes the stories werewri甘en byMark Twainbecause theyare oftenhumorous.先行词(thestories)指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/that如He isthe boyI talkedwith justnow.先行词(the boy)指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填如Whats thename of the girlfatheris adoctor先行词(the girl)指人,关系词在从句中作定语,可用关系代词whose如I stillremember theday ournew schoolwas built.从句中不缺成分,先行词(th㊀doy)指时间,关系词在从句中作状语,可用关系副词when
(3)看是否是特殊情况关系词只能用that的几种情况
①当先行词是11,little,much,none,㊀verything,onything,nothing等不定代词时如:Tom toldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈
②当先行词前面有the only,th㊀v㊀ry,the lost等修饰时如This isthe onlybook thatI canfind.这就是我能找到的唯一一本书
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时如The tallestplayerthat playsfootball forourteamis fromShanghai.为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海
④当先行词既有人又有物时如Lets talkabout the people andthe thingsthat we can remember.让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事关系词只能用which的几种情况
①关系代词放在介词之后如This isthe factoryin whichwe onceworked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂
②非限制性定语从句中如This isa famousbook,which waswritten byLu Xun.这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书
③thcih thos㊀作主语时如Those whichare on the deskare Englishbooks.桌子上的那些是英语书用who而不用that的情况
①当先行词为people和those时,只能用who如:Those whowant togo therecome hereplease.那些想去那儿的人请来这边
②当先行词为one,ones,nyon6,ev㊀ryon㊀,none,clll(指人)时,只能用who如Anyone whois againstus isour enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人
③先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用WhOo如The manwho camehere yesterdaysaid hewould comeagain inafewdays.昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来真题演练
1.一What shallwe donext—Taketheadvice isgiven byDr.Bloch.A.who B.which C.whose【答案】B【解析】先行词advice,指物体,关系代词应用which.
2..Mr.Smith issmoking islooking forhe lostyesterday.A.whom;which B.who;what C.that;who D.which;where【答案】B【解析】先行词Mr.Smith指人,关系代词应用who;在寻找他昨天丢失的物体,从选项来看,关系代词应用what.
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1.Steve Jobsis oneof thepersons foundedApple ComputerCompany.His deathmarked theend ofan era(时代).A.who B.whom C.which D./【答案】A【解析】从句子结构来看先行词Steve Jobs,指人,且作主语关系代词应用who.
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1.Do youknow the girl istalking tothe headmasterover there—Of course.She ismy sister.A.who B.whom C.which D.what【答案】A【解析】选Ao考查考查定语从句先行词是the girl,指人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用关系代词whOo
5.Foshan isa cityhas avery longhistory.A whose B.which C.who【答案】B【解析】先行词是Foshan,是地方,引导词用which.
6.The PalaceMuseum isthe bestplace Iveever visited.A.who B.when C.that【答案】C【解析】选Co考查定语从句先行词是The PalaceMuseum,指物,且在定语从句中做visited的宾语,因此选Co7•--Do youknow thegirl ishelping theold woman.-Oh,that smy sister,A.whom B.whose C.who D.where【答案】C【解析】选Co考查定语从句先行词是thegirl,指人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用关系代词whOo
8.—Do youknow the lady istalking withMr.Smith一Yes,shes ournew chemistryteacher,Miss Brown.A.who B.which C.whom【答案】A【解析】选Ao先行词是thelady,指人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who
9.1was looking for the pen Ibought yesterdaywhenyoucalled me.A.who B.where C.which D.what【答案】C【解析】选Co考查定语从句引导词前置语为thep㊀n名词,用which代替whot不能作定语从句的引导词
10.Please passme thecartoon bookhas aMickey Mouseon thecover.A.whom B.whose C.who D.which【答案】D【解析】选Do考查定语从句引导词前置语为the cartonbook,名词,用which代替
11.1like the friends todo thesame thingsas meso thatwecancommunicate betterwith eachother.A.who likesB.what likeC.who like【答案】C【解析】选Co先行词是thefriends,指人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who,由于friends是复数,谓语动词用原形
12.There willbe aflower showin thepark wevisited last week.A.who B.when C.what D.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的现行词the pork是“物,在定语从句中充当的是visited的宾语,因此用关系代词which或thcit引导来引导,故选D.
13.Most studentslike theteachers understandthem wellA.who B.when C.what D.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的现行词th㊀怕ochers是“人”,在定语从句中充当的是主语,因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导,故选A.
14..Zhang Liliis consideredas the most beautiful teacher gaveher loveto herstudents indanger.A.who B.that C.whom D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的现行词the mostbeautifulteacher是“人”,在定语从句中充当的是主语,因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导,同时先行词受到形容词的最高级修饰,只能用that来引导,故选B.
15..The English-Chinese dictionarymy fatherboughtforme manyyears agois stillof greatvalue.A.whoseB.when C.who D.that【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的现行词dictionciry是“物”,在定语从句中充当的是宾语,因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导,故选D.I
6.“What do you thinkoftheschool uniforms”“Very good.I like clothes makeme feelcomfortable.M A.that B.what C.who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词clothes是“物”,所以,定语从句的引导词用which或thcit引导根据句意你觉得校服怎么样呀?很好,我喜欢让我穿着舒服的衣服故选A.
17.—What areyou looking for—I mlookingforthe ringmy husbandbought melast year.A.that B.who C.whom D.it【答案】A【解析】此题考查引导词的用法定语从句的先行词是“the ring”表示“物”,故定语从句的引导词用that或which,故选Ao
1.
1.Robert isjust one young overseas Chinese hascome tovisit hisancestor shomeland.A.who B.where C.when D.which【答案】A【解析】此题考查引导词的用法定语从句修饰的先行词“oneyoungoverseasChinese”表示的是“一个年轻的海外华人”,所以定语从句的引导词用that或who,故选A.
19.—What areyou lookingfor一I mlookingforthe penmyfathergave melastweek.A.who B.which C.whose D.whom【答案】B【解析】此题考查引导词的用法定语从句的先行词是“thepen”表示“物故引导词用that或which,故选B
20.—What kindof moviesdoyoulike一I likethe moveare aboutChinese history.A.who B.whom C.whose Dwhich【答案】D【解析】此题考查引导词的用法定语从句的先行词是“the move”表示“物L故引导词用that或which,故选Do
21.People oftenlikeclothescan makethem lookyoung.A.when B.who C.that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句的引导词定语从句的先行词clothes是“物、所以,定语从句的引导词用which或that引导,故选Co
22.lean neverforgetthestories mygrandma toldme.A.what B.who C.them D.that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词the stores是“物”,所以,定语从句的引导词用which或that引导,故选D
23.The littleboy waswrapping the present wouldbe sentto histeacher.A.who B./C.what D.that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词thepresent是“物在定语从句中充当主语,所以,定语从句的引导词用which或that引导,故选Do
24.—There areso manygirls overthere.Which oneis yoursister—The onehat isyellow.A.who B.whose C.that D.which【答案】B【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词是the one/girl,在定语从句中充当hot的定语,所以,定语从句的引导词用whose引导,故选B.
25.This isthe primaryschool Istudied threeyears ago.A.where B.when C.that D.which【答案】A【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词the primaryschool,语从句中充当的是地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导,故选A.
26.Its interestingthat thereare many people speakFrench inCanada.A.which B.where C.who【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词manypeople是“人”,在定语从句中充当主语,所以,定语从句的引导词用who或that引导,故选C.
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1.Please passme thecartoon bookhas aMickey Mouseonthecover.A.whom B.whose C.who D.which【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词th㊀cartoon book是“物”,在定语从句中充当主语,所以,定语从句的引导词用which或that引导,故选D.
28.—I wantto finda partnerto practiceroller skating.—Myfriend Fredisaperson mayhelp youa lot.A.which B.so C.who D.and【答案】c【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词Q person是“人”,在定语从句中充当主语,所以,定语从句的引导词用who或that引导,故选C.
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1.一Now manypeople smokeand getill.一So weshould dosomething canhelp stopsmoking.A.what B.who C./D.that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词something是不定代词,只能用关系代词that引导,故选D
30.1stillrememberthe timewe spenttogether atXisai Mountainlast year.A.when B.what C.who D.which【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词thetim㊀是〃物L在定语从句中充当宾语,所以,定语从句的引导词用which或that引导,故选D.
31.One ofthemostdelicious drinksI likeis orangejuice.A.which B.that C.whose D.whom【答案】B【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词是drinks,受到形容词的最高级修饰,只能用that引导,故选B.
32.Success willbelong tothose neversay impossible.A.whom B.what C.who D.which【答案】c【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词thos㊀表示的是“人、在定语从句中充当的是主语,所以用引导词who引导,故选C.
33.一Do youenjoy Myheart willgo on一No,I prefersongs loud.A.that isB.which isC.that areD.what are【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法定语从句的先行词songs表示的是“物、所以用引导词which或thot引导,同时表示的是名词复数,系动词应用ore,故选C.。