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Unit3Getting alongwith othersGrammar andusage教学设计科目英语课题Grammar andusage课时1课时教学目标与核心素养知识目标在语境中学习理解限制性定语从句的用法;能力目标获取更多主题语境的信息,加深对主题意义的理解;情感目标了解限制性定语从句的用法,同时学会如何维持良好的人际关系教学重难点教学重点掌握限制性定语从句及关系代词的具体用法教学难点在日常交际中能够灵活地使用限制性定语从句描述人和事物课前准备多媒体,黑板,粉笔教学过程
一、Pre-class
1.Greeting
2.Leading-in教师活动教师让学生阅读第34页的文章,并回答下面问题What arethe prosand consof makingfriends onlinePros:People maybe ableto makemany friendsonline.Cons:Friendships onlinecan bevery shallow.Texting andmessaging cannotreplace face-to-face chatting.Sharing experienceson socialmedia isnot enoughto expressones values.“Liking“friends photosonline doesntdevelop the connection with them.学生活动根据第34页文章完成表格A realfriend issomeone whowalks in...A realfriend issomeone whosesupport wecan count on.A realfriend issomeone whosees ourtrue self......not justthe facethat weshow to the world....the moderntools thatkeep usconnected......the friendswhom welove....the valueswhich mattermost tous....theconnectionwhich weshare.
二、While-class教师活动引导学生阅读下面句子1People have close friends.People naturallyenjoy theircompany.2He is kind-hearted.He hastrue friends.3Friendship is a preciouswealth.One searchesfor itall ones life.学生再次阅读下面改写过的句子,并对比分析1People who haveclose friends naturallyenjoy theircompany.2He who iskind-hearted hastrue friends.3Friendship is a preciouswealth thatone searchesfor alloneslife.学生活动在教师的引导下,总结由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1.定语从句的概述1定义在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句,叫作定语从句它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词2构成定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句3分类限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句4关系词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词when,where,why关系代词先行词在从句中所作的成分that人、物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语as人、物主语、宾语、表语
2.关系代词的用法
(1)that既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略The numberof peoplethat cometo visitthis cityeach yearreaches onemillion.每年来游览这座城市的人数达到100万(指人,作主语)This is the suitcase(that)she islooking for.这就是她在找的那个手提箱(指物,作宾语)
(2)which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略They ignoredthe detailswhich mightaccount forthe accident.他们忽略了那些或许可以说明事故发生原因的细节(作主语)
(3)who指人,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略We areconcerned about the peoplewho havesuffered alot in the earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心(作主语)Danny wasthe manwho werescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人(作宾语)
(4)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who代替Rose isthe person(who/whom)you shouldcare about.罗丝是你应该关心的人(作宾语)
(5)whose既可指人也可指物,表“所属”关系,在定语从句中作定语I knowthe personwhose housewas totallydestroyed inthe earthquake.我认识那个人,他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了【注意】
①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人The film that/which wesaw itlast night was very frightening.x Thefilmthat/which wesaw last nightwasveryfrightening.4
②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略Is thatthe girlwhom/who/that youspoke of the otherday那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗?
(6)as既可指人也可指物在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语它常用在thesame…as...»such…as…等结构中,as不能省略Such reasonsas wegive canpersuade himto giveup hisfoolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划Ill buythe samedictionary as you have.我将买和你的一样的词典【注意】当先行词被the same修饰时,也可用that引导定语从句,但指同一物,而不是同一类This isthe samebike that1lost two months ago.这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车同一辆自行车This isthe sameb汰e as I losttwomonthsago.这辆自行车跟两个月前我丢的那辆一样同样的自行车,但不是同一辆
(7)as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的内容从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间o Asyou know,she isa stubborngirl,and I cant persuadeher tochange hermind.你知道,她是一个倔强的女孩,我不能说服她改变主意My grandfatheris fondof talkingabout thegood olddays,as isoften thecase withold people.我爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光,这种情况在老年人中较为常见【归纳】as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达as weall know众所周知as iswell known众所周知asyousee如你所见as weexpect正如我们预料的那样as oftenhappens正如经常发生的那样asIcan remember正如我所记得的as hasbeen saidbefore如前所述as is/was expected正如预料的那样as can be seen正如所见as isoften thecase情况常常是这样
3.宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况1当先行词指物且被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时The firstthing that you shoulddo iscall thepolice rightaway.你应该做的第一件事就是马上报警This isthe mostdelicious foodthat Ihave everhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食物2当先彳亍词是all,any,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时All thatcanbedone hasbeen done.一切能做的都已经做了Tell meeverything that you know.把你知道的一切都告诉我吧Please sendus anyinformation thatyou haveaboutthesubject.有关这个主题的任何资料都请寄给我们3当先行词指物且被the only,the very,the las3the same等修饰时The onlything thatshe coulddo wasto gotothepolice forhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察This isthe verybook thatI want to buy.这就是我想买的那本书【注意】以上三种情况有一个共同特点,就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”的概念,以致无法做出选择因为关系代词which也是疑问代词,表示“哪一个”,含有选择意味,所以用that引导万无一失4当先行词既包括人又包括物时Sometimes weshould ignorethe personsand thingsthat upsetus.有时,我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事5当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时Which of the booksthatyoubought isthe mostuseful formy writing你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用?4,宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况1引导非限制性定语从句时Football,which is an interestinggame,is verypopular allover theworld.足球是一项有趣的运动,在全世界非常受欢迎2当关系代词前有介词时This isthe housein whichMo Yanonce lived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子3当先行词本身就是that时That whichyou toldhim iswhat wewant toknow.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的4在限制性定语从句中,如果有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,那么另一句的关系代词宜用which Letme showyou thenovel thatI borrowedfromthelibrary whichwas newlyopen.让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说
5.宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one,ones,anyone,no one,nobody,anybody等Is thereanyone inyour classwhoisgood atsinging你们班有人擅长唱歌吗?2在there be结构中,先行词指人时There isa younglady whois ina stateof shock.有位年轻女士休克了3当先行词是people,those时People whowanttotravel abroadshould applyfor apassport first.想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照The studentsyou shouldlearn fromare thosewho graduatedfrom famousuniversities.你应该向那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习
(4)一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who Theboy thatyou metlastnightisthegroup leaderwho studiesvery hard.昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的组长
6.定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定The oldtown hasnarrow streetsand smallhouses thatare builtclose toeach other.旧城区的街道狭窄,房子小,彼此挨得很近Im fondofthepiece ofmusic whichis popularwiththeteenagers.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子
(2)one of+复数名词+定语从句(复数谓语)the onlyone of+复数名词+定语从句(单数谓语)He isone ofthe studentswhohavea goodcommand ofFrench.他是精通法语的学生之一(the students为先行词)He isthe onlyone ofthe studentswho hasa goodcommand ofFrench.他是学生中唯一精通法语的(the onlyone为先行词)
三、After-reading教师活动指导学生完成第35页B
11.Common interestsprovide rich ground.Many friendships grow fromrichground.Common interestsprovide richground(that/which)many friendships grow什om.Common interestsprovide richground fromwhich manyfriendshipsgrow.
2.When friends1communication iswarm andopen,friendshipsgrowbest.Friendships growbest betweenfriends whosecommunication iswarm andopen.
3.Friendships arelike flowers.These flowersneed tobe takengood careof.Friendships arelike flowersthat/which needto btakengood careof.
4.A relationshipwith a true friendwill surely produce fruit.You can counton atrue friend.A relationship,with atruefriendwho/whom/thatyoucancounton willsurelyproducefruit.
5.You havebeen helpedby others.To makefriends,you shouldhelp othersinthesame way.To makefriends,you shouldhelp othersthe waythat/in whichyou havebeen helpedby others.学生活动完成第35页B2In MarkTwains Adventuresof HuckleberryFinn,the friendship⑴forms betweenHuck Einnand Jimisanimportant themeofthebook,though theyappear tobe anunlikely pair.Fiuck isa poorwhite boy⑵father oftenbeats him,while Jimisablack slave3longs tobe free.One day,Huck runsaway fromhome toan island.There hemeets Jimand makesfriends withhim.Then theyleave theisland togetheronaraft⑷they findon theMississippi River.They headnorth toIllinois,a statein SJimcan becomefree.The highpoint ofthe storycomes whenHuck isfaced withthe decisionof whetherto hand Jim overto someslave catchers.In theend,Huck decidesthat Jimisafriend的he needsand values,and refuses to givehim up.From thisstory wecan seethat friendsare people⑺support youthrough thickand thin.1which/that2whose3who/that4which/that5which6whom/that7who/that AreHuck FinnandJimtrue friendsWhy doyou thinkso Yes,they are.Because Huckrefusestogive Jimto thoseslave catchers.
四、Summary归纳总结由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句的用法
五、作业布置完成B3活动的写作参考答案My bestfriend isHannah.I mether ina parkin whichI playbadminton.One day,the friendwho Inormally play with hadto gohome early,and Iwas aboutto leavetoo.That wasthe momentwhen Hannahcame upto meand askedif Iwanted toplaywithher.We goton reallywell andsoon becameclosefriends.I knowshe issomeone thatIcanrely onin timesof difficulty.。