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Book3Unit4Space explorationDiscovering UsefulStructures Teachingaims
1.Identify theuses of infinitives as adverbials and attributes
2.Use infinitives to describe space facts and efforts to explore space
3.Make useof infinitives as adverbials and attributesin specificsituations Importantand difficultpoints:
1.Help studentsidentify theuses ofinfinitivesas adverbialsand attributes
2.Lead students to use infinitivestodescribespacefactsandeffortstoexplorespace
3.Design specificsituations forstudentstomake useofinfinitivesasadverbialsandattributes
4.How touseinfinitivesasadverbialsandattributesin realsituations TeachingproceduresSTEPl:Pre-class
1.Greeting
2.Leading-in Readthe followingsentences andfocus onthe italicisedinfinitives.Then figure out theirfunctions andmeanings.
1.1trained fora long time tofly aii*†planes asa fighterpilot.STEP2:Presentation动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式作状语
1.目的状语可用在句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调,常用结构to do;in orderto do,so as to do,•I saidthat toencourage him.•I walkedquietly so as notto disturbthe baby.†In orderto helphim,we woulddo everythingwe can.
2.原囚状语多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中,此类形容词多是happy,sad,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词他苏醒过来发现自己住院了•Im gladto seeyou./She wasdisappointed tohear thenews.•She isproud tohave wonthe firstplace.achieve.One ofthe problemsis that the tripwould takelongtime.For example,use thecurrent
2.As weall know,an astronautneeds tobe healthyand calmin orderto workin space.
3.结果状语用于too…to”常与only,enough或too连用;u enoughto...足够…而能做…;“only to do不料…;结果却…,so/such…as to那么…,以至于…句型中•She istoo tiredto dothe job.•He arrivedatthetrain station,only tofind thetrain hadalready left.•He isold enoughto goto school.•She isso proudastolook downupon others.
4.作评论性状语有些不定式用于修饰整个句子,表明说话者的观点或态度,我们称之为评论性状语•To behones31dont likeher.说实话,我不喜欢她
二、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放在所修饰的词的后面作后置定语如:•Please makean effortto catchthe bus.•He wasthe firstone tothink ofthe idea.•Do youhave anythingto say
①动词不定式作定语,它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主动关系,也可能是被动关系如果是被动关系,且句中含有不定式动作的执行者时,不定式要用主动表示被动He wasthe lastone toleave schoolyesterday.We havemuch homeworkto doeveryday.
②动词不定式短语作定语修饰名词且与其所修饰的词之间为被动关系时,如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词,那么其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词如I haveno chairto sit on.He hasno houseto livein,STEP3:Practice:Complete thepassage withthe correctforms ofthe verbsin brackets.Sending peopleto otherplanets oreven beyondthe solarsystem isnot aneasy goalSTEP4:Consolidation technology,it wouldtake overtwo yearsgetto theplanet,Mars.Although lightis thefastest thingknowin theuniverse,it takesmore thanfour yearsreachthe starsystem.Will scientistsfigureouta waystoresufficient foodand waterNo oneknows theanswers.,space scientistsnever giveup.They areexperimenting withgrowing cropsso ashelpastronauts getenough foodon longerjourneys throughspace.Complete thesentences usingthe correctforms ofthe words.
1.make iteasier toget intouch withus,youd betterkeep thiscard athand.
2.Anxiously,she tookthe dressout ofthe packageand triediton,onlyfind itdidnt fit.
3.Group activitieswill beorganized afterclasshelp childrendevelop teamspirit.
4.George returnedafter thewar,onlytell thathis wifehad lefthim.
5.With timego by,it spreadall overthe country.
6.We wereastonishedfind thetemple stillin itsoriginal condition.STEP5:Summary andHomework Summary:不定式todo的功能和意义可作状语,表目的或结果,多可转化为in orderthat/so that引导的状语从句;为强调目的,可用in orderto/soasto可作定语,起修饰或限定作用,可转化为定语从句Homework:同步练习。