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课题动词、动词时态语态课时2学生授课老师教学目标动词、动词时态和语态重点难点动词的时态
一、单词invitation invitecinema、film、、team、Friday MondaySaturday SundayThursdayTuesdayWednesdayidea pricedifferent presentpair trainermagazine novelchoose think
二、动词动词词类中的其特性是主要作谓语语法核心的词,它陈述动作、情况、变化的1•司O
1.动词的分类及物动词实义动词r I不及物动词J系动词be,seem,sound,turn,become等+表语,will,shall,would,should助动词I have/has/had+done/been doingdo/does/did I
2.区别类型定义例子实义动词能独立作谓语的动词He studiedhard.本身无词义或意义不完整这类词必须和I dontwant togo there别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、助动词today.否定句和疑问句等结构He isstrong.本身有意义,但是不能单独作谓语,需要系动词It soundsgreat.和表语一起构成系表结构在句子中用来表示“能力”“允许”情态动词“必要”“禁止”“意愿”“可能”I canswim.等情感或态度的动词这类词词义不完整,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,大多数无人称和数的变化▲有些词是兼类词eg.:He ishaving ameeting,(have是实义动词)He hasgone toNew York,(have是助动词)
3.词义辨析get get to+地方reach reachsw三个“到达”in+大地方arrive at+小地方borrow非延续性动词,borrow from三个“借”lend非延续性动词,lend tokeep延续性动词bring take四个“拿”“提,拿,搬”,多指用例移动,没有方向carry fetch往返拿东西spend人做主语,spend onsth/spend indoing sthcost物做主语四个“花费”take ittakes/took+时间pay多与介词for连用listen为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调listen to两个“听见”听的动作hear强调听的结果一般指加入“党派”“组织”,如参军、三个“参加”join入党take part in指参加聚会或活动attend一般指出席会议turn一般用于颜色的变化get天变黑、变长、变短四个“变化”become天气变暖或变冷,表示渐变grow形状变大或变小
4.常见动词短语take:take up/take away/take offtake down/take careof takepartin/take placemake:make adecision/make amistake/make aliving/make upturn:turn on/turn off/turn up/turn down/turn out结果是give:give in/give up/give away/give outget:get up/getto/get together/get readyfor keep:keep upwith/keep awayfrom/keep intouch withput:put up/put offput on/put down/put upwith容忍look:look for/look at/look after/look through/look aroundgogo away/go onused:be used to doingsth习惯做某事be used to do sth被用来做某事usedtodosth过去常常做某事习题
(一)
1.-Jack,could youhelp methese pictureson theblackboard Theymay helpus knowmore aboutthe typhoon.-With pleasure.A.put inB.put upC.put on D.put down
2.Could youhelp memove thedesks awayThey toomuch.A.listen up B.pick upC.stand upD.take up
3.I toldher sheshouldnt swimafter awhole nightscoughing,but sherefused toA.take offB.set offC.give upD.show up
4.-Where wouldyou liketo meet-I thepark becauseit isquiet andbeautiful.A.discover B.value C.suggest D.mention
5.The examis overand theresult will be onFriday afternoon.A.put downB.put offC.put upD.put away
6.Jane usedto with her parents,but nowshe isusedtowithherclassmates atschool.A.live;living B.live;live C.living;living D.living;live
7.Just becauseof theterrible haze,many flightshad tobe.A.put outB.pun onC.put offD.put up
8.When youdont knowthe meaningof aword,you mayin adictionary.A.look itupB.look itthrough C.look forit D.look atit
三、动词时态和动词语态
1.动词时态
①一般现在时1)表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征常用的时间状语有often,always,sometimes,usually,every day等2)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来eg.:If youdont gosoon,you will be late.3)begin,come,go,leave,start,arrive等动词常用在一般现在时表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作eg.:Class beginsat nightin themorning.4)客观真理、事实要用一般现在时eg.:The sunrises in the east.
②一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作常用的时间状语有yesterday,yesterday morning,last night,last week,in1990,two yearsago等
③一般将来时1)表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态常用的时间状语有in hefuture,tomorrow,tomorrow morning,next year,in a few days,soon等2)一般有下面几种形式A.助动词+will eg.:He wontcome tomorrow.B.be going to+动词原形eg.;I amgoing todo myhomework thisevening.C.come,go,start,leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情eg.:I amgoingtoBeijing thisSunday.D.在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事情eg.:I willgive thenote tohim assoon ashe comesback.
④现在进行时1)表示现在正在进行的动作其时间状语为now或现在的具体时刻由“助动词am/i s/are+现在分词”构成2)“连系动词+介词/副词”也可表示正在发生的动作eg.:He isat work.3)表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词hop,smell,hear,see,like等一般不用现在进行时
⑤过去进行时表示过去的某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作这特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示外,一般用表示过去的时间状语来表示如at sixyesterday,at thatmoment,at thattime等
⑥现在完成时1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果通常和副词never,ever,just,already,yet等连用eg.:-Havent youfinished yourhomework yet2)表示过去已经开始的、持续到现在的动作或状态通常和实践状语before,recently,once,twice,for+时间段,since+时间点,yet等连用eg.:I haveknown LiLei forthree years.▲it has been/It is+时间段+since从句(动词用过去式)eg.:It hasbeen/Its twoyears sincehis grandmadied.时间段+has passed+since从句(动词用过去式)eg.:Many yearshas passedsince weknew each other.
2.动词语态
1.被动语态“be+动词的过去分词”助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化eg.:He washeard tosing inhis room.
2.主动语态变被动语态1)主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语,如主动句中宾语为人称代词,则将之变成主格2)主动句中的主语变成被动句的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并在前加by3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式
3.动词短语变被动语态不能丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词eg.:The oldshould bespoken topolite.
4.被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变成被动句中,应加上不定式符号to eg.:He makesthe girlstay at home.The girlis madeto stayat homeby him.▲A.主动结构表被动结构a.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词且其主语为物体时,主动语态表被动意义eg.:The penwrites smoothly.b.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义eg.:The musicsounds beautiful.c.在be worthdoing中,doing表被动意义d.want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require tobe doneeg.:My bikeneeds repairing.B.不用被动语态的情况a.主动句中宾语为eachother或反身代词时,没有被动语态b.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时,不能变成被动语态习题
(二)
1.-Mom,I wantto watchAnimals Worldon Channel8tonight.-Oh dear,it forafewminutes.Come on!A.has begunB.will beginC.had beenonD.will beon
2.Lunar Probe(月球探测器)Change5into spacethis year.It willland onthe moonand returnlunar samples.A.sends B.willbesent C.will sendD.is sent
3.-Can Ihelp you,sir-Yes,I thisradio yesterday,but itdoesnt work.A.bought B.buy C.was buyingD.have bought
4.Dont besad,The longvacation weare lookingforward tosoon.A.come B.coming C.is comingD.came
5.-John,is Peterathomenow-No.He anote onthe door.A.leaves B.left C.is leavingD.was leaving
6.No noise,please.Your brotherhis homeworkinthenext room.A.does B.is doingC.did D.had done
7.It isreported thatbreakfast forprimary studentsfor freein someareas ofChina.A.provides B.are providesC.provided D.is provided
8.This listeningmaterial togetherwith itsCD-ROMs,well.A.sells B.sell C.is soldD.are sold
9.-Hi,Li Tao.I didntsee youat theparty.-Oh,I readyfor themaths examat thattime.A.am gettingB.was gettingC.got D.have got
10.We allknow anotherbuilding herenext year.A.will buildB.built C.was builtD.willbebuilt
11.Recently,China tocarry outits two-child policy.It canhelp solvesome problemsin China.A.decided B.had decidedC.will decideD.decides
12.-They saythere isa newrestaurant nearby.-Yes,and itfor nomore thana week.A.has openedB.is openedC.hasbeenopen D.is opening。