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连词、介词及介词短语
一、连词连词是一种虚词,它不能独立充当句子成分,而只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用连词主要分为两类:并列连词和从属连词
(一)并列连词及其用法并列连词用来连接平行或并列的词、词组和分句,从而构成平行或并列结构当所连接的成分为分句时,则构成并列句按照意义和功能,并列连词可分为以下四类
1.引申的并列连词这类连词除and外还包括:both…and.・.,not only...but(also)...,not just...but...,as wellas等
3.以but为代表的表示意义转折或对比的并列连词这类连词除but外还包括:while,whereas,yet,not...but.,.等
04.表示因果关系的并列连词这类连词包括:for,so等
(二)从属连词及其用法从属连词连接两个或两个以上的句子,从而构成复合句
1.从属连词的分类⑴按照词形分类按照词形分类时,从属连词可以分为以下三类
①简单从属连词Many peoplebelieve weare headingfor environmentaldisaster weradically changethe waywe live.A.but B.although C.unless D.lest『翻译』很多人认为我们将面临环境灾难,除非我们彻底改变生活方式【精析】Cbut意为“但是,表示转折关系although意为“虽然,尽管”,表示让步关系;unless意为〃如果不,除非”,符合句意;lest意为〃免得,以免”°故选C
②复合从属连词Criticism andself-criticism isnecessary ithelps usto findand correctour mistakesA.by that B.at that C.on thatD.in that『翻译』批评与自我批评是必要的,因为它能帮助我们发现和改正错误【精析】D本题的四个选项中只有in that可作复合从属连词使用,引导原因状语从句,意为“因为”其他三项都不符合题意
③关联从属连词⑵按照用法分类按照用法分类时,从属连词可以分为引导名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词从属连词的用法也属于从属连词的范畴其用法如下:关系代词的用法
①who,whom指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语
②③whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语
④which that既可指关系代词as常和such或same连用⑵关系副词的用法
3.常见连词的用法与比较1as/so faras,as/so longas as/so faras意为〃就.....而百〃,as faras sb./sth.is concerned是固定用法,意为〃就某人/事而言as/so longas意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句
二、介词和介词短语一介词的分类按照构成,介词可分为单一介词、双重介词、分词介词和短语介词等
1.单一介词
2.双重介词
1.介词短语的构成形式介词短语是指由介词后接宾语构成的短语,其构成形式有以下几种⑴介词+名词⑵介词+代词3介词+动名词
2.介词短语的句法功能介词和其宾语一起构成介词短语,在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补足语等
3.常见的由介词构成的短语Although thecrowds maynot beas largeas before,the conflictbetween theemployers andstrikers iscertainly beingresolved.A.far fromB.along withC.next toD.apart from『翻译』尽管人群可能不像之前那么大,但是雇主和罢工者之间的冲突还远未解决【精析】A farfrom:远离,迹非;along with:连同・・・一起;next to紧挨着;apart from:除之外根据句意可知,选A
4.常见介词的用法与比较
(1)as,like as和like都可作介词,意为“像……一样”但as强调同一性,强调属同一类或完全相似,而like则侧重于比喻,并不意味着同一类或完全相似He worksas awaiter.他做侍者工作(本身是侍者)He workslike awaiter.他像侍者那样工作(本身不是侍者)
1.Give upsmoking,you willhave agood health.A.or B.and C.so thatD.otherwise【精析】B题意:戒烟吧,那样你才会身体健康本题考查连词词义辨析or在做连词时,有“或,或者,还是”的意思,表示选择,还有“不然,否则”的意思,用于假设可能出现的情况;and可表并列,也可表示一种顺承和结果,意为“那么测;SO that〃以便,为的是,结果是,引导状语从句时前面一般不用逗号隔开;therwise〃否则,要不然”,表转折根据句意,故选B
2.of danger,he jumpedinto theriver allat once.A.Because B.In termsC.Instead D.Regardless【精析】I)题意他不顾危险,毅然跳入河中because表示原因;in termsof意为“根据”;instead of意为“代替,而不是“;regardless of意为“不顾”根据题意答案应选D
4.We planto increasethe outputof therice30percent thisyear.A.at B.in C.by D.with【精析】C,题意我们打算今年把大米产量增加30%o在表示“增加了或减少了……〃时,英语中常用句型是increase/decrease+by+数词或百分比或倍数”
5.Once youenter thesociety,you aremostly yourown.A.in B.on C.of D.to【精析】Bo题意:一旦你进入社会,大部分就要依靠你自己了on one^s own独自,靠自己其他介词没有此搭配故选B习题天天练
1.Lit isunbelievable thatMr.Lucas leadsa simplelife hisgreat wealth.A.Without B.despite C.In D.to,
2.I dont reallylike theauthor,A.]have toadmit thisbook is very interesting.Though B.Unless C.Until D.once
3.The meaningof theword nicechanged afew timesit finallycame toinclude thesense“pleasant”A.before B.after C.Since D.While
4.Shelley is the worldsgreatest poets.A.in B.between C.on D.among,
5.the gateand you11find theentrance thepark theother side.C A.Through;to;on Along;of;on-Down;to;at【).Up;of;by
6.Some animalscarry,©nitn…plants canspread tonew seedsfrom oneio another,----y-places.A.so B.or C.for D.but
7.---Someone wantsyou onthe phone.------------nobody knowsI amhere.A.Although B.And C.But D.So
8.Jane isinahurry becausethe trainto theairport leaveshalf anhour.A.by B.in C.for D.until
9.One________five willhave thechance tojoin in the game.A.within B.among C.in D.from
10.September30is theday whichyou mustpay yourbill Aby B.for C.with D.in.
11.Our clubis opento everyoneage,sex oreducational background.A dueto Bexcept forC alongwith D.regardless of..
12.I madethe coat.m owhands.It wasmade hand,not witha machine.A.in;in yn Bin withC with;D.with;with
13.The oldman died.;.by colda coldnight.A.from;atBof in C.of;on I,for;during.
14.You willnever gainsuccess youare fullydevoted toyour work.A.when B.because Cafter Dunless beautyof nature.
15.In HangzhouMr.Black wasso.struck thethat hestayed anothernight.A.at;on B.with;atC.for;in Dby;for.
16.Guangdong liesthe southof Chinaand Jiangxiisthesoutheast ofChina.Hainan isthe coastof themainland.A.in;in;on B.in;in;off Con;to;D in;to;.on.
17.The student,whom allthe teachersare pleased,isverystrict awayhimself everything.A.to;with;in B.with;with;inCwith;at;with Dat;with;at..
18.Tom alwaysgoes jogginginthemorning andhe usuallydoes push-ups tostay Ain placeB.in orderC inshape D.in fashion..
19.Starting yourown businesscould bea wayto achievefinancial independence,could justput youin debt.A.In otherwords B.All inall CAs aresult D.On theother hand.
20.The pianistbegan toplay andthe girlin redbegan tosing theD.to A.with B.along Cthrough music..。