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初中英语语法八大时态一.一般现在时
1.结构肯定句式主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式主语+(助动词)dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/does not缩写形式dont=do notdoesnt=does not例句He oftengoes swimmingin summer.1usually leavehome forschool at7every morning.
2.用法1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用常用的频度副词有always oftenusuallyseldom、never sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后例如He oftengoes swimmingin summer.1usually leavehome forschool at7every morning.2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等例如All myfamily lovefootball.My sisteris alwaysready tohelp others.Ann writesgood Englishbut doesnot speakwell.3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象例如The earthmoves aroundthe sun.Shanghai liesin theeast ofChina.4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等例如The trainleaves atsix tomorrowmorning.He comesback tonight.5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作例如ril tellhim thenews whenhe comesback.If youtake thejob,they willtalk withyou ingreater details.二.一般过去时态
1.结构肯定句式主语+动词过去式+其他否定句式主语+(助动词)didrft+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式:Did+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+did(否)No,主语+did not基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/were+not was/were提前,放于句首行为动词didn,t+do(动词原Did+主语+do(动词原形)形)
2.用法1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,just now,the otherday,in1982,ago,an hourago,long longago,the daybefore yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),at theage of5,one day,once upona time等连用例如Where didyou gojust nowAfter afew years,she startedto playthe piano.2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作常与ften,always等表示频度的副词连用例如When I was achild,I oftenplayed footballin thestreet.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思例如Did yousee himtoday今天你看见他了吗?三.一般将来时
1.结构结构1:肯定句式主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他否定句式主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他一般疑问句式助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他简单回答在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为力,wii not常简缩为wonk在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall例如Shell go to playbasketball.Shall wego to the zoo结构2肯定句式主语+be going to+动词原形+其他否定句式主语+be notgoing to+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他简略回答(肯)Yes,主语+be(否)No,主语+be not
2.用法1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in afew minutes,by…,the dayafter tomorrow等连用例如PH meetyou atthe schoolgate tomorrowmorning.2)、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用于be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用例如I thinkshell goback homefbr supper.Maybe shellgoto the gym.将来时其他表示应1)be going to表示将来表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情例如What areyou going to dotomorrow Theplay is going to be producednext montho注意be goingto和will之间的区别•在时间上be goingto通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来He isgoingtobe better.He will be better.•计划/临时两者都表示意图时,be goingto含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定一What areyou goingto donext Sunday一Im goingto gofishing.一Where is the telephonebook一ril goand getit foryou.•两者都用于预测时,be goingto意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;w川则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测•在条件状语从句中,be goingto表将来,will表意愿例如If youare goingto makea journey,youd betterget readyfor itas soonas possible.Miss Gaowill tellyou theanswer ifyou askher.2)“beto+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事例如We areto discussthe reportnext Saturday.3)be about to+动词原形,意为马上做某事不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,多于when引导的时间状语连用例如He isaboutto leave forBeijing.,现在进行时
1.结构am/is/are+动词的现在分词
2.用法1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作常与now,right now,at thismoment,at thistime,these days等时间状语连用注如果句首有警示性动词look、listen等,主句的动词也与现在进行时连用例如We arewaiting foryou now.Listen!The birdis singingin thetree.
2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动说话时动作未必正在进行例如Mr.Green iswriting anothernovel.他在写另一部小说(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态)He isthinking aboutthis problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题
3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always,constantly,forever等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩例如You arealways changingyour mind.
4.表示尚未完成自渐变过程,这样的动词有get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等例如The leavesare turningred.Its gettingwarmer andwarmer.
5、表示移位的动词,如go,comeJeave,start,aiTive等,其现在进行时可表将来例如Im leavingtomorrow.明天我要走了The trainis arrivingsoon.车要至了注不能用进行时态的动词类别举例感官类See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel感觉类Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer认知类Believe,think,understand,forget,remember存在类Appear,exist,lie,remain占有、从属类Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of短暂动作类Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五.现在完成时
1.结构:肯定句主语+助动词have has+动词过去分词-ed否定句主语+助动词have has+nothaventhasn\+动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句HaveHas+主语+动词过去分词-ed+特殊疑问句:疑问词+havehas+主语+动词过去分词-ed+
2.用法含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在1现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等Mr.Wang hasjust comeback fromAmerica.王先生刚从美国回来I havent seenmuch ofhim recentlylately.We haveseen thatfilm before.Have theyfound themissing childyet现在完成时中的时间状语★already通常用于肯定句中,意为一己经,位于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词之后有时可放在疑问句句尾,表示惊讶例如We have already cleanedthe classroom.Have youfinished italready★yet用于疑问句中表示一已经;用于否定句中,表示还没例如一Has hefound hiswatch yet他还没找到他的表吗?一No,not yet.是,还没有★ever意为曾经,常用于疑问句或否定句中,位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止的时间例如Have youever been there你曾经去过那里吗?Nothing hasever happenedhere.这里未曾发生过什么事★never意为(曾经)从未、没有,是否定副词,在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间ever与否定词not连用相当于nevero例如I havent everspoken to her.=I havenever spokentoher,我从未跟她讲过话★just意为一刚刚,用于现在完成时,表示行为刚刚过去,位于助动词与过去分词之间e.g.He hasjust comeback from school.他刚从学校回来★justnow意为一刚才,表示过去某时,用于一般过去时,位于句首或句尾均可e.g.He camefromschooljust now.他刚才从学校回来★for和since的用法及区别for与一段时间连用,since与时间点连用注意since后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子e.g.I have been toShanghai twicesince
1970.I havent seenher sinceshe leftShanghai.I sawPing Pingsix yearsago.Since I havenever seenher.★have/has gone to、have/has been to和have/has been in的区另限have/has gone to去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来have/has been to曾经去过,人已经回来了have/has beenin已经在,常与一段时间连用e.g.She has beentoShanghai before.她以前曾去过上海She has beeninShanghai forten years.她在上海10年了Has hegone toQingdao他去青岛了吗?但不能说Have yougonetoQingdao2)、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语如Mr Wanghas livedhere since
1983.I havent seenmuch ofhim recently(lately).We haveseen thatfilm before.Have theyfound themissing childyet3)、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---be in/at open---be openclose---be closedborrow---keep die---be deadbecome---buy-havebeput on---wear leavebe begin/start-----be onaway fromend/finish-----be overfall asleep——be asleepjoin the army——be in thearmy,be catcha cold------haveacold asoldier jointhe Party——be inthe Party,be aParty member例吉姆买这支已有两年了Jim bought this pentwo yearsago.Jim hashad thispen fortwo years.Jim hashad thispen sincetwo yearsago.Jim hashad thispen since2007It istwo yearssince Jimboughtthispen.4).在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时inthepast fewyears/months/weeks/days;over thepast fewyears;during thelast threemonths;for thelast fewcenturies,through centuries;throughout history等
5.表示“第几次做某事,或在It isthe bestworst,most interesting+名词+that”后面跟现在完成时例This ismy firsttime that I have visited China.This isthe mostinteresting filmI haveever seen.That isthe onlybook that he haswritten.6have/has beento+地点意为“曾去过某地”,暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已have/has goneto+地点“到了某地去了”,暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意,但是否到达了某地尚不确定如He has gonetoShanghai.他去了上海He has beentoShanghai.他去过了上海六.过去完成时
1.结构助动词had+动词过去分词
2.用法
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态即发生的时间是过去的过去常与“by theend of/by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用例如The trainhad alreadyleft beforewe arrived.He saidthat hehad learnedsome Englishbefore.By theend oflast term,we had learned fiveEnglish songs.2表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作;常用when,before,after等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时When Igot tothe railwaystation,the trainhad alreadyleft.当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了His fatherhad workedin aTV factoryfor fiveyears beforehe camehere.爸爸来这之前,在一家电视机厂工作了5年3表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等这种用法中常用的动词为hope,want,plan,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等例如We hadhoped that you wouldcome,but youdidn*t.那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来I hadthought thatall knewabout it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢七.过去进行时
1.结构was/were+动词的现在分词--ing
2.用法:1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明,如at thistime yesterday,at7:00yesterday,last nightfrom sevento nine,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等My familywere watchingTV atthattimeyesterday.When Iarrived,Tom was talking onthe phone.What wereyou doingat9:00oclock yesterdaymorning.注意
(1)以when引导的时间状语从句中,从句动作,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行When hecalled me,I washaving dinner.
(2)以while引导的时间状语从句中,从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while常译为“当……的时候,同时“Tom wasdoing hishomework whilehis sisterwas watchingTV.2)、表移动的动词,如come,go,arrive^leave,start,begin,return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作例如She toldme thatshe was goingtoHainan forher holiday.八.过去将来时态表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到一现在;而仅限于一过去时间区域内由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示一过去某个时间点的状语这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子这个时态常用于L结构a)would/should+动词原形b)was/were goingto+动词原形
2.用法1)、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中例如He saidthathe would finishhis workbefore9oclock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作When Ithought aboutit,I wonderedwhat theirreaction wouldbe.当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么2)、表示过去的某种习惯性动作,只能用would例如Whenever hehasbeenin trouble,we wouldgive hima hand.每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手3)表示过去情况中的一愿望、一倾向,多用于否定句No matterhow difficultthe workwas,hewouldkeep ondoing ituntil heaccomplished it.不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完They knewthat wewould neverpermit sucha thing.他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事Even afterthe lectureended,the audiencewould notleave.甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去选择
1.The populationof theworld stillnow.(2009•甘肃兰州)A.has;grown B.is;growing C.will;grow D.is;grown
2.---Good evening.I to see MissMary.(2009-甘肃兰州)-Oh,good evening.Tm sorry,but sheis notin.A.have comeB.come C.came D.had come3・——Its timefor dinner.Where isyour father,Emma一He hisbike inthe yard.(2009-新疆阜康)A.clean B.cleaned C.is cleaningD.will clean
4.If youcarefully,you thereport well.(2009•广州)A.will listen;will beunderstood B.will listen;understand C.listen;will understandD.listen;understand
5.They abouteight hundredEnglish wordsby theend oflast term.(2009-广州)A.will learnB.hadlearnedC.are goingto learnD.have learned
6.一How didthe accidenthappen(2009•广州)—You know,it difficulttoseethe roadclearly becauseit.A.was;was rainingB.is;has rainedC.is;is rainingD.willbe;will rain
7.Attention,please.There afootball gamebetween Chinaand Koreathis evening.A.isgoingtobeB.hasbeenC.has D.will have
8.一What doesyour sisterlike doingin herspare time——She watchingTV.(2009・i胡W匕武汉)A.likes B.liked C.has likedD.had liked
9.一When Jessyto NewYork一Yesterday.(2009・湖北武汉)A.does;get B.did;get C.has;got D.had;got
10.—How cleanthe bedroomis!(2009・湖北武汉)——Yes,I amsure thatsomeone it.A.cleans B.cleaned C.has cleanedD.had cleaned
11.My friendme.Ihavetoleavenow.(2009-河北)A.waits forB.waited forC.is waitingfor D.was waitingfor
12.Be sureto letTom knowthe noticeas soonas he.(2009♦河北)A.will arriveB.was arrivingC.arrives D.arrived
13.1the wrongthing.Can Iuse youreraser(2009-河北)A.write B.wrote C.am writingD.will write
14.---Are yougoingtohelp Johnwith hisChinese thisevening(2009-山东威海)---NO,He toEngland.He willbe backnext month.A.returned B.has returnedC.returns D.will return
15.---Whos wonthe firstprize inthe competition(2009-山东烟台)---Henry.He hasit for a week.A.is,won B.is,got C.has,had D.has,been given
16.---Is thisthe placethatyou(2009-四〃[成都)---No.Tve neverbeen therebefore.A.havevisitedB.will visitC.are visitingD.would visit
17.It outside.Youd bettertake anumbrella withyou.(2009•江西)A.rains B.is rainingC.rained D.has rained
18.—Can Ihelp you(2009-江西)-I boughtthis watchhere yesterday,but itwork.A.wont B.didnt C.doesnt D.wouldnt
1.11used tolove thisfilm whenIwasyoung,but Iit thatway anymore.(2009•江苏南京)A.dont feelB.didnt feelC.havent feltD.hadnt felt
20.---How wasyour triptotheancient village(2009•湖北宜昌)---Fantastic!We toa museumof strangestones.A.go B.went C.are goingD.will go
21.—Where isPeter(2009,湖南娄底)——He volleyballwith hisfriends inthe schoolgym.A.plays B.played C.is playingD.was playing
22.—Hello!Can Ispeak toMr.White(2009•江苏无锡)---Sorry,he isnthere rightnow.He tothe themepark.A.will goB.wasgoingC.hasgoneD.hasbeen
23.---you yourdrawing(2009-陕西绥德)---Not yet!It willbe donein afew minutes.A.Did;finish B.Will;finish C.Do;finish D.Have;finished
24.She asan animaltrainer since
2003.(
2009.北京)A.has workedB.works C.will workD.have worked
25.They hertotheparty,so shewas veryhappy.(
2009.北京)A.invite B.invited C.will inviteD.are inviting
26.Mr.Green tothe managernow.Youd bettercall himlater.(
2009.北京)A.talk B.talked C.is talkingD.wastalking
27.Prison Breakisthebest AmericanTV playthatIthese years.(
2009.安徽)A.watch B.will watchC.have watchedD.was watching
28.---Alice,turn downthe TV,please.I onthe phone.—Oh,sorry.(
2009.安徽)A.have talkedB.talked C.am talkingD.talk
29.---Where arethe Greens,may Iask(2009♦吉林通化)---Well,they toEngland.They have beentherefor nearlyaweeknow.A.have beenB.are goingto C.have goneD.will go
30.The teachersthe officeforafew minuteswhen wearrived.We didntmeet them.A.had beenaway fromB.had leftC.havebeenaway fromD.have left1-5BBCCB6-10AAABC11-15CCBBC16-20ABCAB21-25CCDAB26-30CCCCA。