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Unit4Journey Acrossa VastLand SectionB Learning about Language教学设计科目英语课题LearningaboutLanguage课时1课时Teaching Objects:1Knowledge Object:Students willmaster the usage of the-ing and-ed asthe predicativeand adverbialthrough self-study andpractice2Ability Objective:Students canuse the-ing and-ed asthe predicativeand adverbialto expresstheir ideas.3Emotional Objectives:Students canfoster theinterest anddesire oflearning Englishgrammar.Key anddifficult points:Key point:Help studentsidentify theusage of the-ing and-ed asthe predicativeand adverbialDifficult points:How touse thethe-ing and-ed asthe predicativeand adverbialin realsituation Majorsteps:Step1Presentation1T Readand observethe sentences.Discuss thefunction andmeaning ofeach-ing and-ed form.
1.For bothof them,the thoughtof crossingthe wholecountry byrail wasexciting.
2.However,they didnot anticipateseeing suchan opencountry,and weretruly amazed.
3.Seen fromthe trainwindow,the mountainsand forestsof Canadalooked massive.
4.Looking at the beautifulscenery,they bothagreed thatit wasthe mostawesome journeythey hadever taken.
5.2020•新高考全国卷I MrBissell skillfullyorganizes historicalinsights andcultural references,making histale awell-rounded pictureof Uzbekistan,from Westerneyes.2Teacher helpto concludethe grammar---------and introducetheusageof the grammar
一、过去分词作表语和状语时与动词-ing形式的比较
1.过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语时,过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系如We wereamazed tofind thatno onewas hurt.我们很惊讶地发现竟没有人受伤By theway,the machineis simplyamazing.顺便提一句,这台机器简直太了不起了Do youfeel frightenedwhen walkinghome alone in the dark你在黑夜单独走路回家会感到害怕吗?Walking homealoneinthedarkcan befrightening.在黑夜单独走路回家可能是很可怕的
2.过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时,一般在句子中表示时间、原因或伴随状态等过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,往往含有完成义,而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系如Seen fromthe hill,the citylooks magnificent.从山上看时,这座城市非常美Seeing the police,he madea runfor theexit.一看到警察他就向出口奔去.Influenced by his example,they performedcountless gooddeeds.在他事迹的影响下,他们做了无数的好事He satat thetable,reading amagazine.他坐在桌子旁看杂志
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的情绪或状态He seemedquite delightedatthenews.听到那个消息他似乎很高兴The doorremained locked.门仍然锁着
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别“be+过去分词”表示状态时,是系表结构,此时的过去分词通常已形容词化;表示动作时,是被动语态,且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出The bookis wellwritten.这本书写得很好(系表结构,强调主语所处的状态)The bookwas writtenby MoYan.这本书是莫言写的(被动语态,强调主语所承受的动作)
3.英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人……的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“感到……的、多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等常用的这类词有amazing令人惊讶的amazed惊讶的surprised surprising令人吃惊的吃惊的excited激动的exciting令人激动的astonished感到惊讶的astonishing令人惊讶的inspired受鼓舞的inspiring鼓舞人心的disappointed感到失望的disappointing令人失望的encouraged受鼓舞的encouraging令人鼓舞的interested感兴趣的interesting有趣的frightened受惊的moved frightening令人害怕的感动的pleased高兴的moving感人的pleasing shocked感到震惊的令人高兴的shocking令人震惊的tiring令人疲惫的tired疲惫的worrying令人担心的worried担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled困惑的注意有些使令动词,如dress,seat,absorb等,其过去分词无论作定语还是表语,都无被动的意味因为dress oneselfin等于be dressedin;seat oneselfon等于be seatedon;absorb oneselfin等于be absorbedin这种现象缘于反身代词的用法主语和宾语为同一人,主语是动作的发出者,又是动作的承受者,这就出现了被动语态或过去分词不表示“被动”的语言现象
三、过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语,表示动作发生的背景或情况,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等
1.表示时间过去分词(短语)作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句Asked about his impression of the apartment,he madeno answer.=When he was askedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,he madeno answer.当被问到他对公寓的印象时,他没有回答
2.表水原因过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句Seriously injured,he hadto betaken tothe hospital.=Because hewas seriouslyinjured,he hadto betaken tothe hospital.由于他伤得很严重,只能把他送到医院Deeply moved by the story,the childrenbegan tocry.=Because theywere deeplymovedbythestory,the childrenbegan tocry.由于被这个故事深深地感动了,孩子们哭了起来
3.表示条件过去分词(短语)作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句United,we stand;divided,we fall.=If weare united,we stand;if weare divided,we fall.团结则存,分裂则亡
4.表示让步过去分词(短语)作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句Rejected many times,he didntlose heart.=Though hewas rejectedmanytimes,he didntlose heart.他虽然被拒绝了多次,但并没有失去信心
5.表示方式或伴随过去分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语,可以转换成一个并列句The boyslid outof hisroom,followed byhis pet dog.=The boyslid outof hisroom andwas followedbyhispetdog.那个男孩溜出了房间,后面跟着他的宠物狗注意
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语,前面可以带有相应的连词(词组),如when,until,though,although,as if,as though,if,unless等,表时间、让步、方式、条件等When(they are)exposed tolight,potatoes willturn green.马铃薯在光的照射下会变绿
(2)句子主语和过去分词(短语)之间是被动关系,和现在分词(短语)之间是主动关系试比较Caught ina heavyrain,hewaslate forthe interview.由于碰上了一场大雨,所以他面试迟到了Looking outofthewindow,I sawsome studentssweeping upthe bitsof paper.朝窗外望去,我看见一些学生正在清扫纸屑
(3)过去分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致如果主语不一致,要在分词前加上逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构If caught,the policewill punishthe thief.(x)If caught,the thiefwill bepunished bythepolice(d)小偷如果被抓,会受到警方的惩罚The boyrushed intothe classroom,his facecovered withsweat,his face是分词covered的逻辑主语那个男孩跑进教室,脸上全是汗4有些过去分词已形容词化,作状语时表示主语的某种情绪或状态常见的这类形容词化的过去分词有satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等Disappointed atthe examinationresult,the girlstood therewithout sayinga word.因为对考试成绩很失望,那个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说Justification:In thisway,teachers introducesthe situationin whichthegrammarcan beused.Students willhave abetter understandingofthegrammar andlearn iteasily.Step2Practice Studentsfinish the exercise onPPT.Teacher willask themto checkthe rightanswer onPPT.Justification:Through thispart,students canconsolidate thegrammar.Step3Production Grouptask:Students willbe dividedin toseveral groups.They cantalk about*a bookyou haveread*a cityyou havetravelled to*a lectureyou havelistened to*a restaurantyou havebeen to*a friendyou wantto talkabout*a productor anapp youhave usedThen sharethe resultswith wholeclass.Students areencouraged touse thegrammar whentalking.Justification:Students willlearn touse thegrammar ina properway throughthose activities.Step4Summary andhomework
1.Summary Studentsshould actas anassistant toconclude whatthey havelearned in this class,and thenthe teacherwill makea summarytogether withstudents.Justification:Reviewing theimportant knowledgeinthislesson candeepen students,impression andform goodstudy habits
2.Homework Finishtheexercisein PPT.Justification:Retelling canhelp studentssort outthe coursecontent,and theexercise canhelp studentsmaster thegrammar better.。