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初中英语句子结构成份讲解及专项练习(含答案)【一)主语就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者.它答复的是“谁〃“什么〃的问题.如我看书.谁看书?“我〃.“我〃就是这句子的主语.主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当.〔如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句〕主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物.The sunrises in the east〔名词)He likesdancing、〔代词)Twenty yearsis ashort timein history、(数词)Seeing isbelieving、(动名词)To seeis to believe〔不定式)What heneeds is a book〔主语从句)It is very clearthat theelephant isround andtall likea tree,〔It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样.它答复的是主语“干什么,是什么〃的问题.如上句中主语“我〃干什么?“看书〃.“看书〃就是谓语.一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大局部(祈使句是省主句).再细分又可分成谓语〔动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等.如第一例中谓语局部可划分成谓语〔看)和宾语〔书).谓语局部中央词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型.句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变.谓语20他感到很难跟你交谈.21我想乘船去那里更舒服些.22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题.23学校定了一条规那么,开始上课时学生要起立.24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的.T herebe句型1今晚没有会.2这个村子过去只有一口井.3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师.4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人.5天气预报说下午有大风.6灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人.7战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8恰好那时房里没人.9从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫.10公共汽车来了.11就只剩下二八美元了.12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树.13铃响了.14二月份有二八天.K EYS分析以下句子成分
1、主语+系动词+表语
2、主语+系动词+表语
3、主语十动词十宾语+宾语补足语
4、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5、主语+及物动词+宾语
6、主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语
7、主语+及物动词+宾语
8、主语+系动词+表语
9、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
10、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语
13、主语+及物动词+宾语
14、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
15、主语+系动词+表语
16、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
17、主语+系动词+表语
18、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
19、主语+不及物动词
20、主语+不及物动词
21、主语+系动词+表语
22、主语+系动词+表语
23、主语+及物动词+宾语
24、主语+不及物动词
25、主语+及物动词+宾语
26、主语+不及物动词
27、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
28、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
29、主语+及物动词+宾语
30、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语翻译练习主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)lYou shouldstudy hard2She wenthome verylate yesterdayevening、3That morning we talkeda greatdeal4The meetingwill lasttwo hours5Great changeshave takenplace inmy home town in the pastten years6Things ofthat sortare happeningall overthe worldevery day、7The MayFourth Movementbroke outin Beijinginl
919、8Classes begin at eightevery day、9This boxweighs fivekilos10I livedin Beijingfive yearsago、主谓宾结构〔主语+及物动词+宾语)1I wrotea letterlast night
2、I wantto talk with youthis afternoon、
3、He hasread thisbook manytimes、www、rr365ZZZ
4、They havecarried outthe plansuccessfully、
5、You mustfinish readingthese booksin twoweeks、
6、That gentlemencan speakthree languagesfluently、
7、I receiveda letterfrom mypen friendin Australia、
8、Jim cannotdress himself
9、All of us believethat Jackis anhonest boy
10、He didnot knowwhat to say、主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补语)IMy brothersare all collegestudents、2In winter,the daysare shortand thenights arelong3Mrs Brownlooks veryhealthy4At theage offifteen hebecame afamous pianist、5Children,keep quietplease、6This bookis aboutthe historyof theUnited States、7Her jobis tolook afterthe childrenin thenursery8He isout ofwork、9The leaveshave turnedyellow lOThereport soundsinteresting^双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)IMr Johnsontaught usGerman lastyear、2Grandma toldme aninteresting storylast night、3Mary handedthe walletto theschoolmaster4Would you please passme thedictionary5He showedthe ticketto theconductor、6This termI havewritten threeletters tomy parents7My fatherhas bought me a new bike、8Robinson Crusoemade himselfa boat、9W111youpleaseget me anewcopy10Shall Icall youa taxi复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)IWe callher Alice、2His parentsnamed himJohn3A11ofus considered him honest、4They pushedthe dooropen、5They haveset thethief free6We willmake ourschool morebeautiful、7He askedus tojoin in the game、81want youto tellme thetruth、9The guardsordered us to leaveat oncelOTomorrow I11have someonerepair themachine llEverymorningwehear himread Englishaloud12The painmade himcry out、13We wont lether goout atnight、14He hashis hair cut oncea month、15111get myrecorder mended、16The terriblesound madethe childrenfrightened17She islistening tosomeone tellingstories18he boyswere watchingthe soldiersdrilling、191have neverseen theword usedthat waybefore、20He feltit verydifficult totalk withyou、211think itmore comfortableto go there byship、221consider itpossible towork outthe problemin anotherway23The schoolmade ita rulethat thestudents shouldstand upwhen classbegins、241thought itno usetalking withthat manThere be句型IThere isnt goingto be a meetingtonight、2There wasonly awell in the village、3There is area teacher ofmusic andateacherof artin theschool、4Among theguests therewere twoAmericans andtwo Frenchmen、5The weathermansays there11beastrong windintheafternoon、66The lightis on、There mustbe someoneion theoffice7There usedto bea cinemahere beforethe war、8There happenedtobenobody inthe room、90nce,there livedan oldfisherman ina villageby thesea lOTherecomes thebus、1IThere remainedjust twenty-eight dollars、12In frontof thecave,there stands(grows)a tallpine tree、13There goesthe bell14There aretwenty-eight daysin February英语句子成分划分详解
(二)概念句子是由词根据一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个局部叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体局部(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成局部.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类
1、主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么〃或“是谁〃.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如讲述“谁〃We workinabig factory、讲述“什么〃The classroomisverybig数词作主语Three areenough、三个人就够了不定式作主语To operateon theblind is one ofthe ORBISDoctor,s job、从句作主语What weneed isfood我们最需要的是食物、▲在“There be…”句型中,主语的位置在中间.如Thereare somebottles ofmilk inthe boxA在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如It isvery interestingto playthe gamecalled“treat ortrick、It tooktwo workersabout threemonths tobuild thehouse、
2、谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么〃、“是什么〃或“怎么样〃,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称〃和“数〃两方面必须——致.如He isvery generousShe looksvery smartand coolWehave finishedthe job、He canspeak German
3、表语表语说明主语“是什么〃或“怎么样〃,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面.形容词作表语You lookyounger thanbefore、名词作表语My fatheris ateacher、副词作表语Everyone ishere、介词短语作表语They areat thetheatre、不定式作表语My jobis to teach themEnglish动名词作表语Her jobis trainingthe nurses、从句作表语That is why he didnt come to schoolyesterday、
4、宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语.如名词作宾语He neverforgives othersfor theirmistakes、代词做宾语He oftenhelps me不定式作宾语He likesto sleepintheopen air、动名词作宾语The Americansenjoyed livingin China、从句做宾语I believethat theycan finishthe workin time、▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如We broughtthem somefood,主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加8或for.
5、宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语+宾语补足语〃合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语、如:名词作宾补If youlet mego,Ill makeyou口门
8、形容词作宾补Don tmake yourhands dirty副词作宾补We foundLi Mingout whenwe arrived、介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home、省略to的不定式作宾补I sawa girlgo into the building、带to的不定式作宾补The boyordered thedog tolie down现在分词作宾补The bosskept themworking all43丫、过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got hisleg broken、在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语〃的结构有▲“宾语+名词〃.常用于改结构的动词有call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等.W ecall himJack、They madeLi Leitheir monitor▲“宾语+形容词〃.常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等.如Do youthink hisidea wrongWe must keepour classroomcleanWe cant leavehim aloneCan youget everythingready forthe partybefore FridayA宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等.如:Let himin/out、Mr、Li droveus homeWhen gotther(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征.We studyEnglish、He isasleep、宾语指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.如还说上例.谓语动词是“看〃,看什么?看“书〃,“书〃是动词“看〃所涉及的对象,是“看〃的宾语.需要说明的是只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语.宾语1)动作的承受者----------动宾I likeChina〔名词)He hatesyou、〔代词)How manydo youneed We need two、〔数词〕We shouldhelp theold andthe poor、I enjoyworking withyou〔动名词)I hopeto seeyou again、〔不定式)Did youwrite downwhat hesaid〔宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词------介宾Are youafraid ofthe snakeUnder thesnow,there aremany rocks3)双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾〔指物)He gavemea book yesterday、Give thepoor mansome money、表语是和系动词紧密相连的.在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表〃结构.作表语的也是名词性的词,也可以是从句.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.H eisateacher、〔名词)Seventy-four!You dontlook it、〔代词)Five andfive isten1数词〕He isasleep〔形容词)His fatheris in、(副词)The pictureisonthe wall(介词短语〕My watchis gone/missing/lost〔形容词化的分词〕Towear aflower istosayT mpoor,I cant buya ring、〔不定式)The questionis whetherthey willcome〔表语从句〕[常见的系动词有be,sound〔听起来〕,look〔看起来〕,feel(摸起来,smell〔闻起来〕,taste(尝、吃起来〕,remain1保持,仍是),feel〔感觉)It soundsa goodidea、The soundsounds strange、Her voicesounds sweetTom looksthin Thefood smellsdelicious Thefood tastesgood Thedoor remainsopen、Now Ifeel tired、定语修饰限定名词、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等,如a tallboy中,tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语.可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等.不定代词的定语一律后置.定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子・Ai Yanlingisachemistry teacher(名词)He isour friend、(代词〕We belongto thethird world、〔数词)He wasadvised toteach the lazy boy a lesson〔形容词〕The manover thereis myold friend、〔副词〕The womanwith ababy inher armsis mysister〔介词〕The boysplaying footballare inClass
2、〔现在分词〕The treesplanted lastyear aregrowing wellnow(过去分词)I havean ideato do it well〔不定式〕You shoulddo everythingthat Ido、〔定语从句)状语修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如他在灯下看书.“在灯下〃是状语.补语补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语补足语.如:他把我逗笑了.He mademe laugh主语:he;谓语:made;宾语:me;宾补laugh、补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,这可以把它和其它成份区分开.如上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间,laugh的动作是me来做的.这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系.把这两局部单拿出来可以成一句完整的话,即I laughed,宾补对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.We electedhim monitor、(名词)We allthink ita pitythat shedidnt comehere〔名〕We willmake themhappy(形容词〕We foundnobody in、(副词〕Please makeyourselfathome、介词短语)Don tlet himdo that〔省to不定式〕His fatheradvised himtoteach thelazy boya lesson、〔带to不定式)Don,t keepthe lightsburning、〔现在分词〕I11have mybike repaired、(过去分词)主补对主语的补充.He waselected monitor、She wasfound singinginthenext roomHe wasadvised toteachthelazyboyalesson、语法是句子的框架,学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径.相对而言,句子的灵魂是词汇,学习是个长期积累过程,词汇积累更是如此.学习也要讲究方法,活学活用,在运用中记忆,不能死记硬背.另外,语言都有些相通的地方,结合母语对照学习也很有效.I willgotheretomorrow、The meetingwill beheld inthe meetingroomThe meatwent badbecause ofthe hotweather、He studieshard tolearn Englishwell、He didnt study hard sothat hefailed inthe examI likesome ofyou verymuch、If youstudyhard,you willpass theexam、He goesto schoolby bike、Though heis young,he candoitwell、简单句的五个根本句型主语+不及物动词She came、/My headaches主语+及物动词+宾语She likesEnglish主语+系动词+主语补语She ishappy主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gaveJohn abook、She boughtabookfor me主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语She makesher motherangry Theteacher askedmetoread thepassage、There+be Therelies abook onthe deskExercises分析下歹U句子成分
1、Our schoolis notfar frommy home
3、It isa greatpleasure totalkwithyou
4、All ofusconsideredhimhonest、
5、My grandfatherboughtmea pairof sportsshoes
6、He brokea pieceof glass、
7、He madeit clearthat hewould leavethe city、
7、-I loveyou morethan her,child
8、Tees turngreen whenspring comes
9、They pushedthe dooropen
10、Grandma toldme aninteresting storylast night
11、He wrotecarefully someletters tohis friends、
2、All thestudents thinkhighly ofhis teachingwww、rr365ZZZ
13、Weneeda placetwice largerthan thisone、
14、He askedustosing anEnglish song
15、Dont getnervous,help yourselfto whatyou like、
16、We willmake ourschool morebeautiful、
17、He didntcome Thatiswhyhedidntknow
18、She showedus hermany ofher pictures、
19、The oldman livesa lonelylife
20、Luckily thel989earthquake didnot happeninthecenter oftown、
21、The carsmade inJapan arebetter thanthose inGermany
22、There areso manypeople inthe hallthat itshard formetofind him、
23、No matterhow difficultthe taskmay be,we mustfulfil itthis month
24、Go backwhere youcame from
25、Wemustdo whateverthe peoplewant usto do、
26、At lasthegothome,tired andhungry
27、Would youplease passme thecup28Mary handedher homeworktotheteacher、
29、Do youknow thelatest newsabout him
30、I11get myhaircuttomorrow、翻译练习主谓结构〔主语+不及物动词〕1你应当努力学习.2她昨天回家很晚.3那天早上我们谈了很多.4会议将持续两个小时.5在过去的年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化.6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生.71919年,在北京爆发了“
五、四〃运动.8每天八时开始上课.9这个盒子重五公斤.10五年前我住在北京.主谓宾结构〔主语+及物动词+宾语)1昨晚我写了一封信.2今天下午我想同你谈谈.3这本书他读过屡次了.4他们成功地完成了方案.5你们必须在两周内看完这些书.6那位先生能流利地说三种语言.7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信.8Jim还不会自己穿衣服.9我们大家都相信Jack是一个老实男孩.10他不知道说什麽好.主系表结构〔主语+系动词+表语)1我的兄弟都是大学生.2冬季白天短,夜晚长.3布朗夫人看起来很健康.4五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了.5孩子们,请保持安静.6这本书是有关美国历史的书.7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童.8他失业了.9树叶已经变黄了.10这个报告听起来很有意思.双宾语结构〔主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1Johnson先生去年教我们德语.
2、奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事.
3、Mary把钱包交给校长了.
4、请把那本字典递给我好吗?
5、他把车票给列车员看.
6、这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了.
7、我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车.
8、Robinson Crusoe给自己做了一只小船.
9、请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?
10、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?复合宾语结构〔主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语〕1我们叫她Alice、2他的父母给他取名为John、3我们大家都认为他是老实的.4他们把门推开了.5他们把小偷释放了.6我们要使学校变得更美丽.7他请我们参加做游戏.8我要你把真相告诉我.9卫兵命令我们立即离开.10明天我要找人来修理机器.11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语.12痛苦使得他叫喊起来.13我们不会让她在晚上外出的.14他每个月理一次发.15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下.16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17她正在听人家讲故事.18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练.19我从来没看见这个字这样用过.。