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北京科技大学2008年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题试题编号竺试题名称综合英语(共6页)适用专业外国语言学与应用语言学英语语言文学说明所有答案必须写在答题纸上做在试题或年稿纸上无效说明ThispapercoversEOURsubjects:1ASurveyofGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates2BritishLiterature3AmericanLiteratureand4GeneralLinguistics.Ybuhave180minutestocompletethewholepaper.PleasetimeyourpaceweD.PartI.SurveyofGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates30pointsI.Fillintheblanks:Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.ForeachunfinishedsentenceorquestionfoursuggestedchoicesmarkedABCandDaregiven.ChoosetheONEthatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.WritetheletterofyourchoiceinthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheetafterthenumbers.10pointsBritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththewhichtookplacein55BC.A.CeltsB.RomaninvasionCTheAnglo-SaxoninvasionD.NormanConquestPartlyfightingforterritoryandpartlyforeconomicinteresttheHundredYears5Wareventuallyendedwiththedefeatofin[453A.EnglandB.FranceC.SpainD.GermanyTwoofthemostfamousEnglishliteraryworksofthelate17thcenturywerewrittenbyPuritans:JohnBunyan5andJohnMiltonsParadiseLost.A.VanityFairB.Pilgrim勺ProgressC.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightD.BeowulfBritainstwopartiesoriginatedwith.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchyA.theFrenchRevolutionB.theCivilWarC.theNormanConquestD.theGloriousRevolutionAsaresultoftheindustrialrevolutionBritainwasbythe“workshopoftheworld”noothercountrywasyetreadytocompetewithherinindustrialproduction.A.1930B1620C.1830D1730ThefirstEnglishcolonyinAmericawasfoundedatin
1607.Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofnorthAmericaA二MaineB.Massachusetts第1页C.PennsylvaniaAtthebeginningoftheAmericanCivilWartheUnionarmysufferedalotofsetbacks.LincolnrealizedthathecouldwinsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.Soheissuedthefamous・A.GettysburgspeechB.IhaveadreamCCommonSenseD.EmancipationProclamationTopreventthecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystemRooseveltmadeinthefirst100daysintheWhiteHousetheCongresspassalargenumberofactswhicharecalled.A.theNewDealB.theprogramofNewFreedomC.theprogramofFourteenPointsD.theTrumanDoctrineTheNorthAtlanticTreatysignedonApril4providedthatanattackonanyofthepartiestothetreatieswouldberegardedasanattackonallandforceifnecessarywouldbeusedtorestoreandmaintainpeaceandsecurity.ThismarkedthebeginningofU.S.effortsinsettingupamilitaryalliancearoundtheSovietUnionanditsallies.A.1919B.1949C.1930D1980WatergateScandalreferstothepoliticalconsequenceparticularlyPresidentsresigningcausedbytheillegalbreakingintotheofficesoftheDemocraticNationalCommitteeattheWatergateapartment.TheillegalbreakingturnedouttobepartofanofficialplottodefeattheDemocratsintheelectionA.ReganB.McCarthyC.NixonD.TrumanILFillintheblanks:AnswerthefollowingquestionsinthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet20points5foreachWhendidMrsThatchercomeintopowerWhatarethemaincontentsofThatcherismWhatwerethecausesoftheWarof1812betweentheU.S.andBritainWhatwastheAmericanforeignpolicyintheearly1930sHowdidtheeventofPearlHarborchangeAmericasstanceintheIIWorldWarWhateventmarkedthechangeofUS—Chinarelationsfromhostilitytothere-establishmentofdiplomaticrelationsPartII.BritishLiterature30pointsFillintheblanks:writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheetafterthenumbers.10pointsOftheearliestpoetryinEnglishliteraturethemostimportantpoemnowpreservedis.Asonnetisapoemof14linesusuallyiniambicpentameterwithvariousrhymingschemes.ItwasfirstwrittenbytheItalianpoetandintroducedtoEnglandbyThomasWyatt.ButthebestBritishsonneteeriswhosesonnetconsistsofthreequatrainswitharhymingschemeababcdcdefefandendswithacoupletrhyminggg.BritishCivilWarbrokeoutin
1642.AfteryearsoffighttheparliamentaryarmyledbyOliverCromwelldefeatedtheroyalarmy.CharlesIwasbeheadedin1649andEnglandbecamea.Thegreatesteventinthe18thcenturyBritishliteratureistheappearanceoffiction.AmongtheearlyBritishnovelistsHenryfieldingmightbethemostdistinguishedonewhosemasterpiecewasconsideredasthebestconstructednovelinEnglghiliteratye.第2页ThepublicationofbyWordsworthandin1798isalwaysconsideredasabeginningofBritishromanticisminwhichWordsworthopenlyexpresseshistheoryofpoetryasthespontaneouslyoverflowofemotionsDuringthelongreignofEnglandgrewfromanagriculturalcountryintoanindustrializedoneandbecametheworkshopoftheworldaswellasitsfinancialandpoliticalcenter.AndduringherreignliteratureflourishedparticularlyintheformofDuringthe1950sthereappearedagroupofyoungwriterswhowerefiercelycriticaloftheestablishedorder.Theywerecalled“AngryYoungmen,atermfrom3splayLookBackinAnger.HeIdentifythetitleoftheworkofthefollowingexcerpts:writethetitlesoftheworksonyourAnswerSheetspointsLTherealsowasanunaPrioress;Simpleherwayofsmilingwasandcoy.HergreatestoathwasonlyByStLoy!WhenindisgracewithfortuneandmenseyeIallalonebeweepmyoutcaststateAndtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscriesAndlookuponmyselfandcursemyfate…ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleontheMilkyWayTheystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:...Todietosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshockThatfleshisheirtotisaconsummationDevoutlytobewished.InthebeginningGodcreatedtheheavenandtheearth.Andtheearthwaswithoutformandvoid;anddarknesswasuponthefaceofthedeep.AndtheSpiritofGodmoveduponthefaceofthewaters.InXanadudidKublaKhanAstatelypleasure-domedecree:WhereAlphthesacredriverranThroughcavernsmeasurelesstomanItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife....nMydearMrBennet/saidhisladytohimoneday“haveyouheardthatNetherfieldParkisletatlast”DoyouthinkIcanstaytobecomenothingtoyouDoyouthinkIamanautomaton—amachinewithoutfeeling…DoyouthinkbecauseIampoorobscureplainandlittleIamsoullessandheartlessYouthinkwrong…”HLAnswerthequestionsconcerningthefollowingpoem:writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheet.\2points0WILDWestWindthoubreathofAutumnsbeingThoufromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdeadAredrivenlikeghostsfromanenchanterfleeingYellowandblackandpaleandhecticredPestilence-strickenmultitudes!OthouWhochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybedThewingedseedswheretheyliecoldandlowEachlikeacorpsewithinitsgraveuntilThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblowHerclarionoerthedreamingearthandfillDrivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinairWithlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill;WildSpiritwhichartmovingeverywhere;Destroyerandpreserver;hearOhear!WhatimagesdoesthepoetusetodepicttheleavesblownbythewestwindExplainit.WhatimagesdoesthepoetusetodepicttheseedslyingintheearthExplainit.WhatimagesdoesthepoetusetodepicttheSpringthatfillstheplainandhillwithcolorsandodoursExplainitIdwhatwaydoesthewestwindworkasadestroyerandpreserverPartIH.AmericanLiterature30pointsLFillintheblanks:writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheetafterthenumbers.10points3theauthorofTheLegendofSleepyhollow”wasthefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternalrecognitionandfame.AstheleadingNewEnglandTranscendentalismEmersonstatesinhiswhichisregardedastheBibleofTranscendentalismC€theuniverseiscomposedofNatureandtheSoul.”AllhislifeHawthorneseemstobehauntedbythethemeof/Evilexistinthehumanheart.Everyonepossessessomeevilsecretastaleslikesetouttoshow.Melvilleisbestknownastheauthorofwhichisoneoftheworldsgreatestmasterpieces.OneofthemajorthemesinMelvilleis3whichcanbebestshowninAhab.Bythe1870sNewEnglandRenaissancehadwaned.HawthorneandThoreauweredead.EmersonandotherNewEnglandwriterswereoldandfeeble.WithsuchnewwritersasHowellsHenryJamesandTwainappearingtheageofhadarrived.Bythe1890sAmericanindustrialismnotonlyproducedfinancialgiantsbutalsocreatedaproletariatentirelyatthemercyofexternalforcesbeyondtheircontrol.Undertheinfluenceofconceptslikethesurvivalofthefittestandhumanbeast newideasaboutmanandmansplaceintheuniversebegantotakerootinAmerica.InliteratureFrenchnaturalismappealedtotheimaginationofsuchwritersasCraneNorrisand.FitzgeraldsgreatnessliesinthefactthathefoundintuitivelyinhispersonalexperiencetheembodimentofthatofthenationandcreatedamythoutofAmericanlife.ThestoryofTheGreatGatsbyisagoodexample.Gatsbyslifepattern-atfirstthendisenchantmentandfinallyasenseofdespair-approximatesthewholeoftheAmericanexperience.ILIdentifythetitleoftheworkofthefollowingexcerpts:writethetitlesoftheworksonyourAnswerSheet邻points
1.Iaminvisibleman....Iaminvisibleunderstandsimplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme.LikethebodilessheadsyouseesometimesincircussideshowsitisasthoughIhavebeensurroundedbymirrorsofharddistortingglass.Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundingsthemselvesorfiguresoftheirimagination—indeedeverythingandanythingexceptme.1celebratemyselfandsingmyself…Jfe^74-5IloafeandinvitemysoulIleanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.WepassedtheSchoolwheretheChildrenstroveAtRecess—intheRing―■WepassedthefieldsofGazingGrain一WepassedtheSettingSun一IseeJimbeforemeallthetimeinthedayandinthenighttimesometimesmoonlightsometimesstormsandweafloatingalongtalkingandsingingandlaughing.ButsomehowIcouldntseemtostrikenoplacestohardenmeagainsthimbutonlytheotherkindIdseehimstandingmywatchontopofhishsteadofcallingmesoIcouldgoonsleeping;andseehimhowgladhewaswhenIcomeoutofthefog…SomuchdependsuponaredwheelbarrowglazedwithrainwaterbesidethewhitechickensButononesideoftheportalandrootedalmostatthethresholdwasawildrose-bushcoveredinthismonthofJunewithitsdelicategemswhichmightbeimaginedtooffertheirfragranceandfragilebeautytotheprisonerashewentinandtothecondemnedcriminalashecameforthtohisdoomintokenthatthedeepheartofNaturecouldpityandbekindtohim.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.AndasIsattherebroodingontheoldunknownworldIthoughtofX5swonderwhenhefirstpickedoutthegreenlightattheendofDaisysdock.HehadcomealongwaytothisbluelawnandhisdreammusthaveseemedsoclosethathecouldhardlyfailtograspitDI.Essayquestions:writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheet.12pointsLHowdoesHenryJamesdifierfromMarkTwaininthematictermsandartisticfeaturesReadtheexceptfromTheScarletLetterinwhichtheministerconfesseshissinofadulterytohispeopleandthenanswerthequestions.Withaconclusivemotionhetoreawaytheministerialbandfrombeforehisbreast.Itwasrevealed!Butitwereirreverenttodescribethatrevelation.Foraninstantthegazeofthehorror-strickenmultitudewasconcentratedontheghastlymiracle;whiletheministerstoodwithaflushoftriumphinhisfaceasonewhointhecrisisofacutestpaiirhadwonavictory.Thendownhesankuponthescafibld!Hesterpartlyraisedhimandsupportedhisheadagainstherbosom.OldRogerChillingworthkneltdownbesidehimwithablankdullcountenanceoutofwhichthelifeseemedtohavedeparted.“Thouhastescapedme!”herepeatedmorethanonce.Thouhastescapedme!”“MayGodforgivethee!”saidtheminister.Thoutoohastdeeplysinned!”HowdoyouthinkofDimmesdale^gestureofrevealingthehiddenscarletletterAonhisbreastWhydoestheministerdothiswithaflushoftriumphinhisface3WhatdoesChillingworthmeanbysaying“Thouhastescapedme!”?3ft^74-6PartFourGeneralLinguistics60pointsPartIDefinethefollowinglinguistictermsinyourownwords20points4pointseach.DualityBoundmorphemeDeepstructureHiereferentialtheorySapir-WhorfhypothesisPartHFinishthefollowingaccordingtotherequirementsforeach15points5pointseach:DoesthesubjectofasentencealwaysmatchwiththethemeGiveanexampletosupportyourself.DiscussthedifferencebetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaningusingthesentenceMywatchhasstoppedagainasanexample.Usingspecificexamplestoillustratethedifferencebetweenentailmentandpresupposition.PartIIIProvideasmuchinformationasyouknowabouteachofthefollowingtopics25points
12.5pointseach.LWhataresomeofthedifierencesbetweentheso-calledtraditionalgrammarandmodemgrammar
2.Whatdoyouknowaboutthetheoryofconversationalimplicature。