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定语从句【知识方法】先行词名词或代词定语从句——关系代词关系词一关系副词【知识清单】定语从句知识梳理:提纲挈领抓住重点和难点!在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词定语从句放在先行词后面定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句本章只介绍限定性定语从句引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、whichwhose和关系副词where、when关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份
二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)Lthat指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.whowhom指人,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲(宾语)whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语ThegirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann(指人)Helivesinahousewhosewidowsopentothesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子(指物)
三、只用which不用that的情况.在介词后只用which不能用thatThisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行.先行词本身是that时,只能用which不能用thatTheclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是用来报时的
四、只用that不用which的情况:.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用thatoThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用thatThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》.先行词前有allanynolittlemuchmanytheonlytheverythelast等修饰词时只能用thatoHereareallthebooksthatIhave.这就是我所有的书ThisistheonlybookthatIlike•这是我唯一喜欢的一本书.先彳亍词是everythingsomethinganythingallnonemuchlittlemanyfew等不定代词时,只能用thatoFinallythethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时只能用thatoIcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在房间里看至U的人和一些图画.先行词是theone时只能用thatThisistheonethatyouwant.这就是你想要的.在以who引导的疑问句后,为了避免重复,只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatisstandingthere站在那边的那个女孩是谁?
五、在介词后只能用whom不能用whoThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的
六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道,关系代词所代指的就是先行词,这里有一个等量关系)TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩
七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时,要加介词或副词(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后,不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前)Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor那就是我要找的书
八、关系副词when与where的使用when指时间Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光where指地点(where=in等介词+which)Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedlastyear.这是他去年住的房子
九、定语从句与作定语的
①动词不定式、
②介词短语、
③现在分词短语、
④过去分词短语的转换Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.二Shehasmuchworktodo.她有许多要做的工作ThemaninIhacanisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisintheccrisMr.Green.在车上的人是格林先生Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister.=Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了.用合适的关系词完成句子Theman/washereyesterdayisapainter.Theman///IsawiscalledSmith.Achildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.@Tdlikearoomwindowlooksoutoverthesea.Aletter/iswritteninpencilishardtoread.6Theletter//Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
⑦Thatistheboy///youarelookingfor.DoyouknowthereasonhewaslateforthemeetingThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.⑩Istillrememberthedaywemetforthefirsttime.【答案】who/thatwho/that/whom/不填whosewhoseWhich/thatWhich/that/不填Who/that/whom/不填WhyWherewhen关系代词、副词作用先行词例句thatwho主语人Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisstandingwhom(只做宾语)宾语underatree表语你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?thatwhich主语宾语表语物、时间、地点、原因Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑whose定语人物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦Theclassroomwhosewindowisopenismine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室when状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天where状语地点Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我妈妈工作的学校why状语原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?。