还剩1页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
比较等级和比较结构
一、形容词和副词的比较等级.形容词比较级和最高级的规章形式“综合形式”原级加后缀-er和-est;“分析形式”原级前加more和most单音节形容词的比较级和最高级,加-er和-estkindkinderkindestclearclearerclearest三音节或多于三音节的形容词,比较级和最高级通常加more和mostInstructivemoreinstructivemostinstructiveBeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful双音节形容词的比较级和最高级,两者都可以,但以-y和-ow结尾的多加-er和-esttendertenderer/moretendertenderest/mosttenderhappyhappierhappiestprettyprettierprettiest.副词比较级和最高级的规章形式一与形容词基本相像,而以-ly结尾的副词以及某些频度副词多用分析形式fastfasterfastesthardhardhardestclearlymoreclearlymostclearly
3.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规章形式
二、比较结构.as...as结构基本模式as+形容词和副词原级+as■分句JohnisasbrightasBob.Johnisnotas/sobrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob通常主句主语和as-分句的主语不同,比较项目相同(此时as-分句通常用不完全句)但也可能主语相同,比较项目不同Thisswimmingpoolisaswideasitislong.也可能主语和比较项目都不同Hisunclewasasbaseandunworthyashisfatherhadbeenuprightandhonorable.变体式(由基本模式转换而来)as+形容词原级+名词词组+as-分句GeorgeisasefficientaworkerasJack.=GeorgeisaworkerasefficientasJack.Idontwantasexpensiveacarasthis.=Idontwantacarasexpensiveasthis.另一模式asmuch/many+名词+as-分句,这时many/much是限定词Hetookasmuchbutterasheneeded.Shehaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother..more...than结构基本模式形容词或副词比较级+than-分句JohnisbrighterthanBob.JohnbehavesmorepolitelythanBob.Thiscarrunslessfastthanthatone.Thisparcelisnotso/asheavyasthatone.变体式1不定冠词/零冠词+形容词比较级+名词+than-分句JohnisamoreefficientworkerthanJack.=JohnisaworkermoreefficientthanJack.=JohnismoreefficientaworkerthanJack.Theslavesweregivenworsefoodthanthatfortheirmastersdogs.变体式2定冠词+形容词或副词比较级+of-词组Johnisthebrighterofthetwoboys.=Johnisbrighterthantheotherboy.OfthetwoboysJohnbehavesthemorepolitely.另一模式限定词more/less/fewer+名词+ihan-分句Shehaswrittenmoreessaysthanhe.Ispentlessmoneyonclothingthanmysister.Therearcfewervisitorstodaythanyesterday..“the+形容词/副词最高级+比较范围”结构比较范围可用介词词组,如intheworld也可用关系分句或非限定分句,IhaveeverreadeverknownoTheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.Heworksthehardestofall.比较范围在肯定上下文,或者最高级并不是和其他事物相比时,可不表示出范围A:Sixjuicyorangesplease.B:Theseareourjuiciest.Pleaseacceptmydeepestgratitude.*补充:.nolmore/-erthan与nomore/-erthanJohnisnotbetterthanTom.约翰不比汤姆好JohnisnobetterthanTom.=asbadas两人一样坏“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”所表示的是该形容词或副词的反义某些结构中,单独使用morethan也能表示否定概念,表示“简直不……”ThatismorethanIcantell.MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.badworseworstgood/wellbetterbestOldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfurther/fartherfurlhest/farthestmuchmoremostbadlyworseworstwellbetterbest。