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实验目的.通过查看MAC地址转发表，理解互换机基于地址表的工作工程掌握添加静态MAC地址的方法；.通过观测生成树状态，分析生成树协议的工作过程；.掌握静态VLAN配置.，理解VLAN工作原理.实验所需设备及材料计算机1台，安装PacketTracer软件.实验环境及内容.运用1台互换机（在PacketTracer里互换机使用2960）若干主机搭建网络拓扑环境（参见实验指导书pl25图
5.5），参考实验指导书523节，完毕互换机MAC地址转发表的管理；.运用2台互换机若干主机搭建网络拓扑环境（参见实验指导教材P131图
5.10）参考实验指导书
5.
3.3节，观测构成物理回路前后生成树的变化指出根网桥、指派端口、非指派端口、根端口，分析生成树协议的工作过程；.运用I台互换机，若干主机搭建网络拓扑环境（参见实验指导教材pl70图
7.3）参考实验指导书
7.
1.4节，完毕创建VLAN、为VLAN添加成员端口，测试VLAN划分效果改变VLAN的成员端LI.选做内容:运用2台互换机，若干主机搭建网络拓扑环境（参见实验指导教材p179图
7.7）参考实验指导书
7.
2.2节，完毕VLAN中继的配置.实验过程.管理MAC地址转发表.连接网络拓扑结构.尝试改变VLAN端口成员将端口f0/1改为VLAN20的成员端口Switchconfigfinterfacef0/1Switchconfig-if#swit.chportaccessvlan20Switchconfig-if#endSYS-S-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleSwitch#showvlanbrief.删除VLAN1将VLAN10的成员端口f0/3分派到其他VLAN.Switchconfigfinterfacef0/3Switchconfig-if#noswit.chport.accessvlanSwitchconfig-if#end%SYS-S-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleSwitchfshowvlanbrief2删除VLAN10Switchconfig#novlan10Switchconfig#endSYS-S-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleSwitch#showvlanbriefVLANNameFaO/8FaO/9Fa0/10Fa0/ll五.总结本次实验让我学会使用packettrace这个软件由于一开始对一些思科命令不是很熟悉，在实验过程中出现了困难，最后在同学和老师的帮助下学会了使用对于这个模拟软件第一次接触，感觉可以很直观的锻炼模拟真机操作，很喜欢这款软件通过这次实验我学会了MAC地址的转发和互换机的工作原理，尚有生成树协议和VLAN的工作原理这使得在课堂上学的知识自己真正验证了解，感觉很有爱好，也调动了自己学习网络知识的积极性2960-24TTSwitch
2.分别设立两个PC机的IP地址PCO:LinkIPAddressIPv6AddressMACAddressUp
192.
168.
1.101/24notsetOODO.BC7A.3850Gateway:notsetDNSServer:notsezLineNumber:notsetPhysicalLocation:IntercityHomeCityCorporateOfficeMainWiringClosetPCI:Gateway:notsetDNSServer:notsetLineNuiaber:notset*PhysicalLocation:IntercityHoxaeCityCorporateOfficeHainWiringCloset.在未发生通信前查看互换机MAC地址为空Switchshowmac-address-tableMacAddressTableVianMacAddress.PCO向PCI互相发送“ping”命令然后查看MAC地址此时的互换机MAC地址转发表Switchshowmac-address-tableHacAddressTable.向MAC地址中添加静态地址表，把PC2的MAC地址绑定到Fa0/3端口Switchconfig#iaac-address-tablestaticOOeO.a3dc.7482vlan1interfaceFaO/3Switch#showmac-address-tableMacAddressTable再在PC0向PCI发送“ping命令，超时的因素是目的地址为00e.a3dc.7482的帧所有被转发到Fa0/3端I」了POping
192.
168.
1.102Pinging
192.
168.
1.102with32byt.esofdata:RequestRequestRequestRequest.Pingstatisticsfor
192.
168.
1.102:Packets:Sent=4Received=0Lost=4100%loss
6.撤消添加的MAC地址Switch#showmac-address-tableMacAddressTable画出拓扑图，并在图上标明互换机的桥ID、根网桥、非根网桥上的根端口、指派端口、被阻塞的端口BridgeID:
0060.70l.A9BB根端口:FaO/I
44.Xr=SAU4r—t.查看switchO的生成树状态.Switch#showspanning-treeVLAN0001Spanningtreeenabledprotocolieee.查看SW1tCh1的生成树状态Switch#showspanning-treeVLAN0001Spanningtreeenabledprotocolieee.查看switC112成树状态Suitchfshowspanning-treeVLAN0001SpanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeSwitchconfigWinterfacefastEthernet0/2Switchconfig-if#shSwitchconfig-if#shutdown%LINK-S-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEt-hemet0/2zchangedstatetoadministrativelydownLINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEt.hernet.0/2zchangedstatetodownSwitchconfig-if#endSYS-S-CCZPTaT•Cnnf-imirfromrnn«n1phwLcnucla
5.生成树协议监到网络故障将其状态调整°再次查看switch，switchlswilch2生成树的状态switch0Switch#showspanning-treeVLAN0001SpanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeSWitch1Swit.chjfshouspanning-treeVLAN0001Spanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeswitch2Switchfshowspanning-treeVLAN0001RoleStsCostPrio.NbrType静态VLAN配置PCOPCIPC2PC
3.完毕主机PC1~PC4的IP地址和子网掩码配置，运用ping命令进行连通性测试.在互换机上创建VLAN10和VLAN
20.SwitchenSwitch#configtEnterconfigurationconunandsoneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Switchconfig#vlan10Switchconfig-vlanjfexitSwitchconfig#vlan20Switchconfig-vlanfnaiaexaySecondV1anSwitchconfig-vlan#end.查看当前VLAN配置.为互换机端口设定端口模式并将其分派到相应的VLAN中Switchconfig#interfacef0/2Switchconfig-iffswitchportmodeaccessSwit.chconfig-iffswitchportaccessvlan20Switchconfig-if#exitSwitchconfigWinterfacef0/1SwitchCconfig-if#switchportmodeaccessSwit.chconfig-if#switchportaccessvlan10Suitchconfig-if*exitSwitchconfigWinterfacef0/3Switchconfig-if#switchport.modeaccessSwitchconfig-if#switchportaccessvlan10Switchconfig-if#exitSwitchconfig#interfacef0/4Switchconfig-if#switchportmodeaccessSwitchconfig-if#switchportaccessvlan20Switchconfig-if#end5查看VLAN端口的分派情况Svit-chfshowvlanbrief
6.测试划分VLAN运用ping命令进行主机连通测试，发现PC1和PC3可以ping通PC2和PC4可以ping通处在不同VLAN主机之间不能互相通信VLANNameStatusPorts1defaultactiveFa0/5zFaO/6FaO/7FaO/8FaO/9FaO/10FaO/JLlFaO/12Fa0/13zFa0/14zFaO/15FaO/16FaO/17FaO/18FaO/19Fa0/20FaO/ZlFaO/22FaO/23FaO/24Gigl/210VLAN0010activeFaO/320mySecondVlanactiveFa0/lFa0/2zFaO/41002fddi-defaultactive1003t-oken-ring-defaultactive1004fddinet-defaultactive1005t.met-default.activeVLANNameStatusPorts1defaultactiveFa0/3zFaO/SzFaO/6FaO/7FaO/8FaO/9Fa0/10Fa0/llFa0/12zFaO/13Fa0/14zFa0/15Fa0/16zFaO/17FaO/18FaO/19Fa0/20FaO/21Fa0/22zFaO/23FaO/24Gigl/1Gigl/210VLAN0010active20mySecondVlanactiveFa0/lFa0/2zFaO/41002fddi-defaultactive1003token-ring-defaultactive1004fddinet-defaultactive1005trnet-defaultactiveLinkIPAddressIPv6AddressUp
192.
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1.102/24notsetMACAddress00E
0.A3DC.748ZVianMacAddressTypePorts100d
0.bc7a.3850DYNAMICFa0/l100e
0.a3dc.7482DYNAMICFaO/2VianMacAddressTypePorts100d
0.bc7a.3850DYNAMICFa0/l100e
0.a3dc.7482STATICFaO/3VianMacAddressTypePorts100d
0.bc7a.38S
02.生成树DYNAMICFa0/lRootIDPriority32769Address
0001.C
767.9467Cost19Port1FastEthernetO/lHelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority3Z769priority32768sys-id-ext.1Address
0060.
7001.A9BBHelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secAgingTime20InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrTypeFa0/lRootFWD
19128.1P2pFaO/2AltnBLK
19128.2P2pFaO/3DesgFWD
19128.3P2PRootIDPriority32769Address
0001.C
767.9467ThisbridgeistherootHelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769priority32768sys-id-ext1Address
0001.C
767.9467HelloTime2secHaxAge20secForwardDelay15secAgingTime20InterfaceRoleStsCost.Prio.NbrTypeFaO/2FaO/1FaO/3DesgFWD
19128.2P2pDesgFWD
19128.1P2pDesgFWD
19128.3P2pRootIDPriority32769Address
0001.C
767.9467Cost19Port-3FastEthernet.0/3HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769priority32768sys-id-ext.1Address
0060.3ESA.D10EHelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelayISsecAgingTime20InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrTypeFaO/3FaO/2Fa0/lRootFWD
19128.3P2pDesgFWD
19128.2P2pDesgFWD
19128.1PZp
4.打开switch2执行shutdown”命令关闭switch2模拟网络故障RootIDPriority32769Address
0001.C
767.9467Cost19Port1FastEthernet0/1HelloTimeZsecHaxAge20secForwardDelayISsecBridgeIDPriority32769priority32768sys-id-ext1Address
0060.
7001.A9BBHelloTime2secHaxAge20secForwardDelayISsecAgingTime20InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrTypeFaO/1FaO/3RootFWD
19128.1P2pDesgFWD
19128.3P2pRootIDPriority32769Address
0001.C
767.9467Thisbridgeist-herootHelloTiiae2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769priority32768sys-id-ext1Address
0001.C
767.9467HelloTime2secHaxAge20secForwardDelayISsecAgingTime20InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrTypeFaO/ZFa0/lFaO/3DesgFWD
19128.2PZpDesgFWD
19128.1PZpDesgFWD
19128.3PZpSpanningRoot.IDt-reeenabledPriorityAddressCost.PortHelloTimeprotocolieee
327690001.C
767.9467193FastEthernetO/32secMaxAge20secForwardDelayISsecBridgeIDPriorityAddressHelloTimeAgingTime32769priority
327680060.3E5A.D10E2secMaxAge20sec20sys-id-ext1ForwardDelay15secVLANNaiaeStatusPorts1defaultactiveFa0/lzFaO/2FaO/3FaO/4FaO/SzFaO/6FaO/7FaO/8FaO/9Fa0/10Fa0/llzFaO/12FaO/13Fa0/14zFa0/15zFaO/16FaO/17FaO/18Fa0/19zFa0/20FaO/21FaO/22Fa0/23zFaO/24Gigi/工，Gigl/210VLAN0010active20mySecondV1anactive1002fddi-defaultactive1003token-ring-defaultactive1004fddinet-defaultactive1005trnet-defaultactiveVLANNameStatusPorts1defaultsactiveFa0/5zFaO/6Fa0/7zFaO/8FaO/9Fa0/10FaO/11FaO/12FaO/13Fa0/14zFaO/lSzFaO/16FaO/17FaO/18FaO/19Fa0/20FaO/21Fa0/22rFa0/23zFaO/24Gigl/1Gigl/210VLAN0010activeFaO/lzFaO/320mySecondVlanactiveFaO/2FaO/41002fddi-defaultactive1003token-ring-defaultactive1004fddinet-defaultactive100St.met-defaultactivePOping
192.
168.
1.3Pinging
192.
168.
1.3with32bytesofdata:Replyfrom
192.
168.
1.3:bytes=32Cime=63msTTL=128Replyfrom
192.
168.
1.3:bytes=32TTL=128Replyfrom
192.
168.
1.3:bytes=32tiiixe=62msTTL=128Replyfrom
192.
168.
1.3:byt-es=32tiine=49msTTL=128Pingstatisticsfor
192.
168.
1.3:Packets:Sent=4fReceived=4rLost=00%lossApproximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:Hinimuia=49mszMaximum=63msAverage=59msPOping
192.
168.
1.4Pinging
192.
168.
1.4with32bytesofdata:Requesttimedout.Requesttixaedout.Requesttimedout.Requesttimedout.Pingstatisticsfor
192.
168.
1.4:Packets:Sent-=4Received=0Lost=4100^losszPOping
192.
168.
1.2Pinging
192.
168.
1.2with32bytesofdata:Requesttimedout.。
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