还剩7页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案SectionADirections Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Walkingifyoudoitvigorouslyenoughistheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipmenteveryoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalkingaimfor45minutesadayanaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemassbothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneralyouwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek51recoverydaysbetweensessions.Finallyflexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjointsmanyofthemare53andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated润滑.Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcatsyou’11getanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhileitisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.allowingFhelpingKpreventavoidableGincreasinglyLprinciplebrieflyHlowestMprovokecomponentImaintainNseriouslydeterminedJmaximum0topic参考答案H.lowestJ.maximumD.componentI.maintainA.allowingG.increasinglyB.avoidableK.preventL.principleC.brieflySectionBDirections Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.Wereeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatweredoingandyetwedoitanyway.SoheresasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowitsdisplayed“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity肥胖症assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods“notethetworesearchers.“Incontrast“theresearcherscontinue“manyregulationsthatdontassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcoholasubstance一likefood一ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeoplesbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictionsandthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem Densityrestrictionslicensestosellalcoholarenthandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted分酉己basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarlytheresearcherssaybeingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.SowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutletsparticularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycaloriesAndwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthatarentprimarilyfoodstoresDisplayandsalesrestrictions Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstationsandinmostplacesyoucantbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarketsfoodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswheretheyreeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizestaxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoodsandplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfoodPeopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesityTheyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.WhydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictionsFewpeopleareabletoresistalcoholstemptations.Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.Easyaccessleadstocustomersover-consumption.WhatisthepurposeofCaliforniasruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstationsToeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.Togetalcoholoutofdriversimmediatesight.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrolGuidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.Enhancingpeoplesawarenessoftheirownhealth.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.Resortingtoeconomiclegalandpsychologicalmeans.参考答案
57.C
58.C
59.D
60.D
61.CSectionCPassageOneQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodaksdecisiontofileforbankruptcy(破产)protectionisasadthoughnotunexpectedturningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecadesbutultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodaksdownfallto“complacency(自满)thatexplanationdoesntacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.DecadesagoKodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm一andinfactKodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975-butinafatefuldecisionthecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.ItwasntthatKodakwasblindtothefuturesaidRebeccaHendersonaprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchoolbutratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistakeitwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadaptandspentalotofmoneytryingtodosobutultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotographyitscorporate企业的culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodaksdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhotowhichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodaksdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFujiwhichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.WhatdowelearnaboutKodakItwentbankruptallofasudden.Itisapproachingitsdownfall.Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.WhydoestheauthormentionKodaksinventionofthefirstdigitalcameraToshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapansFujiphoto.WhydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarketsTheyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodakshistoryhasbecomeAburden.Amirror.Ajoke.Achallenge.WhatwasKodaksfatalmistakeItsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.ItsfailuretoseeFujiphotosemergence.Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.参考答案B.A.D.A.C.。