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人教版2019高中英语必修第二册UnitlCulturalHeritage单元测试卷第I卷选择题
一、完形填空共15分Leaveaplacebetterthanyoufoundit.Itsa1philosophy人生哲学*butonethatWilliamLindcsayholdsdear.OnApril22whichwasalsoEarthDayheledtwenty2tohelpcleanuptheJiankousectionoftheGreatWall.Hewho3istheownerWilliamsaidintheopeningremarksofthecleanupeventin
2000.TheGreatWall⑷Chinaandisalsooneofthegreatestculturalrelicsintheworld.Everyonehasa5toprotectit.EverydayshouldbeEarthDayhesaid.Duringthepastthreedecadeshehasspent.mostofhistime6andexploringtheGreatWallandhasmadehisown7toprotecttheculturalrelic.Itsa8thingthatpeoplearcgoingouttoenjoythemselvesandto9thegreathistoryandheritagebutitsalsoquitedangerousiftheydont10howfragilethehistoricsitesareandhowfragilethe11isWilliamsaid.In1991hisfirst\2]AloneontheGreatWallwaspublishedandhehaspublishedanotherfivebooksabouttheGreatWallsincethen.In2001he13theInternationalFriendsoftheGreatWallanorganizationwhoseaimistoprotectthis14tothepast.Hisnextstepisto15exhibitions展览会abouttheGreatWallasamonumentoverthelast400years.TheexhibitionsareexpectedtobeheldinBeijingLondonParisandWashingtonD.C.由此可推知,unveiled与A项意思最接近故选A.根据第一段的内容再结合文章内容可知,本文主要讲述由于新的考古发现,三星堆博物馆在清明节假期期间出现游客量激增的情况,即新发现增加了三星堆博物馆的受欢迎程度故选D.根据文章的文体风格和内容可知,本文最可能来自新闻报道故选D20-
23.B、A、D、C.B.细节理解题.根据文章第二段,butthingsweredifferentwhenthedesignwasfirstshowntothepublic.ManyFrenchartiststhoughtthatthedesignwasugly可知当古斯塔夫•埃菲尔第一次向公众展示他的设计时,很多法国艺术家不喜欢它.A.细节理解题.根据文章第三段ThelowerbecamepopularwiththepublicassoonasitopenedonMarch31st1889twoyearsaftertheconstruction(建筑)began可知埃菲尔铁塔的修建是1887年开始的;故选A..D.细节理解题.根据文章第四段,Whilevisitorsareallowed(otakethestairstothefirsttwolevelstheplatformcanonlybegottobytakingtheelevators可知埃菲尔铁塔内电梯可以达到三层;故选D..C.细节理解题.根据文章第•段内容,TheEiffelTowerisveryfamousinFrance.Itisvisitedby7millionvisitorsayear.TheEiffelTowerwasdesignedbyGustaveEifFelinthelate19lhcentury埃菲尔铁塔在法国很有名,每年有七百万游客参观.埃菲尔铁塔是19世纪末由古斯塔夫•埃菲尔设计的.可知作者主要想告诉我们埃菲尔铁塔的简单历史;故选C本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了埃菲尔铁塔的简单历史.做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.24-
27.A、D、B、C.根据第一段内容(中国传统的越剧有着悠久的历史,但现在年轻人似乎对它没有太大兴趣)可知,第一段内容引出了一个社会现象,现在年轻人对中国传统的越剧没有太大兴趣,下文介绍了导致这种社会现象的原因和针对这种情况采取的措施,由此可推断出,文章第一段的目的是引出文章主题故选A.根据第二段关键句NowadaysaspopmusicandonlinefilmsarcpopularwiththepublicShaoxingoperaisstrugglingforitssurvival.Themarketoftheoperaisbecomingsmaller.(如今,随着流行音乐和网络电影的流行,越剧正在为生存而挣扎戏剧的市场越来越小)由此可知,越剧很难生存是因为现代艺术正变得越来越流行故选D.根据画线单词上文ActuallynotonlyShaoxingoperabutalsomanyothertraditionalChineseoperasareindanger.Thatsreallyworrying.(事实上,不仅越剧,还有许多其他中国传统戏剧都处于危险之中这真令人担忧)可知,包括越剧在内的许多中国传统戏剧都处于危险之中,这一点令人担忧,由此可知,画线单词所在句指的是“人们正在尽力保护中国传统戏剧”,“them”代指的是“Chineseoperas”,即中国戏剧故选B.根据最后一段内容(2006年,越剧有史以来第一次进入酒吧这真是一次吸引年轻人的好的尝试此外,一个越剧团在网上开设了一个越剧博客,邀请人们,尤其是年轻人,表达他们对这一传统艺术形式的看法)可知,作者认为“越剧进入酒吧”和“在网上开设越剧博客”是保护越剧这种传统戏剧的好方法,由此可知,作者对越剧未来的发展和传承是充满希望的故选C28-
30.A、B、C.根据文章CinqueTerre.Italy中的Thebreathtakingviewsofharbors)farbelow(hewildcoastlinealongwiththerichcolorswilldefinitelymakeitamemorableholiday.(在狂野的海岸线下面,海港的壮丽景色和丰富的色彩绝对会使它成为一个难忘的假日)可知,游客在意大利的五渔村可以欣赏到美丽的海港景色.根据文章AngkorWatCambodia中的AngkorWatistheworldslargestreligious(宗教的)monumentanditcontainsimpressiveremainsfromtheKhmerEmpire(9thto15thcentuiy).(吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹,它包含着高棉帝国(9世纪到15世纪)留下的令人印象深刻的遗迹)和Petra.Jordan中的Thedelicateconstructionsoftemplesandtombsalongwiththeremainsofchurchesandtemplesareonlyacoupleofreasonswhythisworld-famoussiteisamusl-visildeslinalion.(精致的庙宇和陵墓建筑以及教堂和寺庙遗迹只是这个世界著名景点成为必去景点的几个原因)可知,吴哥窟和佩特拉共同之处是都可以参观到宗教文物故选Bo.根据文章第一段中的Belowaremy4favoriteUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.(下面是我最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产)及全文可知,文章主要介绍了作者最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织也:界遗产,从而推断文章最有可能选自一篇旅游博客故选C1-
10.havemademarkingsignificantwasannounced〔headditiontoknown.deeplywhich1-
10.naturalhavebeenaddedareItWhatBuiltvaluesbuttoprotectofChinesetraditionaloperassuchasPekingOperaorKunquOperaarcimportanttreasuresofChineseculture.Withmuchhiddenculturalhistoricalandartisticvaluetheyshoulddefinitelybestudiedandpasseddown.Howevermanyyoungpeopleseemtoshownointerest.AdmittedlymostChineseoperastoriesaremoreorlessoutofstylesincetheyhaveremainedunchangedforages.Alsotheobscuresingingandlengthyperformanceturnmostteenagersoff.PersonallyintegratinginnovationintoChineseoperasishelpfultorevivethecenturies-oldartform.TheatrescouldalsoorganizelecturesoractivitiestohelpyoungergenerationsunderstandthebeautyofChineseoperas.A.organizeB.preserve
二、阅读理解(共30分)ATheSanxingduiMuseuminSouthwestChinasSichuanProvinceenjoyedhugepopularityduring(he(hree-dayQingmingFestivalholidayafterthenewarchaeologicaldiscoveriesbroughtinternationalattention.Accordingtomediareportsthemuseumsawover15000visitorsonSaturdaythefirstdayoftheQingmingFestivalholidaybreakingitsrecordfordailyvisitors.Andonthenextdaymorevisitorsfloodedintothemuseum.TodealwiththelargeflowofpeopleonSundayafternoontheofficialWeiboaccountoftheSanxingduiMuseumrecommendedvisitorstorescheduletheirvisitingtimeandtraveloff-peak(非高峰期地).TheSanxingduiMuseumshowcasesvariouskindsofvaluableculturalrelicsunearthedatthesite.Morethan500importantculturalrelicshavebeenunearthedinthesixnewly-foundpits(深坑).SincethenewdiscoverieswereknowntothepublicthenumberofpeoplevisitingtheSanxingduiMuseumhasincreasedgreatly.Themuseumsaidthenewly-foundpitshavenotbeenunveiledyetandthenewly-excavatedculturalrelicsarestillunderrepairandcantmeet(hepublicatpresent.ButahallforculturalrelicpreservationandrepairwillbeofficiallyopenonMay
18.VisitorstoitcansechowtherelicsarcrepairedaccordingtoZhuYarongvicedirectoroftheSanxingduiMuseum.Datingbackabout3000yearstheSanxingduiRuinssitehasbeenregardedasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicaldiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.WhatdidtheSanxingduiMuseumdotodealwithtoomanyvisitorsItrescheduleditsopentime.Itclosedthenewly-foundpits.ItopenedanofficialWeiboaccount.Itadvisedvisitorstoavoidrushhours.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordunveiledinparagraph4meanA.Opened.B.Protected.C.Ruined.D.Tracked.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextTheDevelopmentoftheSanxingduiMuseum.TheCulturalRelicsof(heSanxingduiRuinsSite.TheSanxingduiRuinsSiteHasGainedInternationalFame.NewDiscoveriesIncreasetheSanxingduiMuseumsPopularity.Whereisthistextmost1汰elyfromA.Anofficial.B.Adiary.C.Atravelbrochure.TheEiffelTowerisveryfamousinFrance.Itisvisitedby7millionvisitorsayear.TheEiffelTowerwasdesignedbyGustaveEiffelinthelate19thcentury.OnMondayMarch31st2019itturned
130.ThelookoftheEiffelTowerisgreatlylovedbypeopletodaybutthingsweredifferentwhenthedesignwasfirstshowntothepublic.ManyFrenchartiststhoughtthatthedesignwasugly.HoweverEiffeldidnotchangeathing.HebelievedthatonceitwascompletedpeopleinParisandvisitorsaroundtheworldwouldlovethetower.Hewascertainlyright.ThetowerbecamepopularwiththepublicassoonasitopenedonMarch31st1889twoyearsaftertheconstructionbegan.Over3000peoplecameolookatthisnewtowerandevenmadetheefforttoclimbthe1710stairstohetop.The984-foot-tallChryslerBuildinginNewYorkCitybeatit.Todaythetowerhousesanumberofrestaurantsonitsfirstandsecondlevels.Thethirdlevelhasbeenturnedintoavastplatform平台.FromherevisitorscanseetheentirecityofParis.Whilevisitorsareallowedtotakethestairstothefirsttwolevelstheplatformcanonlybegottobytakingtheelevators.ToensurehatheIronLadyalwayslooksgoodhetoweriscleanedandrepaintedeveryeightyears.It*saneffortthattakesateamof25workersanentireyear.IfyoutraveltoParisonedaydontmissittheexcellentachievement.WhenGustaveEiffelfirstshowedhisdesigntothepublic.thepubliccelebratedthebirthofitmanyFrenchartistsdislikedthedesignthepublicthoughtitwouldbeapopulartowermanyFrenchartistsdecidedtochangethedesignWhendidtheconstructionoftheEiffelTowerstartA.In
1887.B.In
1888.C.In
1889.D.In
1890.WhatdowelearnaboutthelevelsoftheEiffelTowerThefirstlevelisprovidedfbrhotels.Restaurantsareallonthesecondlevel.Thethirdlevelismainlyforsightseeing.Theelevatorscangotoallthethreelevels.ThewritermainlywantstotellusaboutEiffelTowers.A.130thcelebrationB.popularityC.briefhistoryD.designercThetraditionalChineseShaoxingoperahasalonghistorybutthesedaysitseemsthatyoungpeopledontshowmuchinterestinit.NowadaysaspopmusicandonlinefilmsarepopularwiththepublicShaoxingoperaisstrugglingforitssurvival.Themarketoftheoperaisbecomingsmaller.Itremainspopularonlywiththeoldergeneration.AccordingtoZhejiangprovincialculturaldepartmentthemostoffansofShaoxingoperaChinassecondlargesttraditionaloperaarcabove40yearsold.AndmanyteenagersknownothingaboutShaoxingoperaandhaveneverbeentothetheatre.YangJianxinheadofthedepartmentsaidNowyoungpeoplearccrazyaboutotherartformsbutnotthetraditionaloperas.ThelargestproblemforShaoxingoperatodayishowtobecomeacceptabletotheyoung.ActuallynotonlyShaoxingoperabutalsomanyothertraditionalChineseoperasareindanger.Thatsreallyworrying.Luckilypeoplearetryingtoprotect(hem.ForexampleKunquhasbeenlistedasoneoftheMasterpieces(杰作)oftheOralandIntangibleHeritageofHumanitybyUNESCOsince
2001.In2006Shaoxingoperaforthefirsttimeinhistoryenteredthepub(酒吧).Itwasreallyagoodtrytoattracttheyouth.BesidesaShaoxingoperagroupopenedaShaoxingoperablogontheInternettoinvitepeopleespeciallytheyoungtoexpress(heiropinionsaboutthistraditionalartform.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1Tointroducethetopic.Toshowyoungpeoplespreference.TorecommendShaoxingopera.TotalkaboutthehistoryofShaoxingoperaWhyisithardforShaoxingoperatosurviveThemarketofartisclosedtoit.Theatersdontacceptitanylonger.Theyounggenerationhavegottiredofit.ModernartisbecomingincreasinglypopularWhatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminparagraph4refertoA.Modernarts.B.Chineseoperas.C.TheMasterpieces.D.ShaoxingoperaandKunqu.HowdoestheauthorsoundattheendofthetextDUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteswerecreatedtocelebrateandsafeguardthemostuniqueplacesaroundheworld.Belowaremy4favoriteUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.CinqueTerreItalyWithcarsbannedhereyoullreallygettofeeltheuniquehistoryandcharacteroftheCinqueTerresfiveccnturics-oldcoastalvillages.Thebreathtakingviewsofharbors港口farbelowthewildcoastlinealongwiththerichcolorswilldefinitelymakeitamemorableholiday.AngkorWatCambodiaAngkorWatistheworldslargestreligious宗教的monumentanditcontainsimpressiveremainsfromtheKhmerEmpire9thto15thcentury.ThesitehasdozensoficonictempleslikeTaProhinamagnificenttempleruinhiddeninthejungle.Hostingmorethantwomillionvisitorsannuallythisartisticmasterpieceisamust-seesite.PetraJordanPetrasrock-cutarchitecturehascontributedtoitsnicknametheRoseCitybasedonthecolorofthestoneitwascarvedfrom.Thedelicateconstructionsoftemplesandtombsalongwiththeremainsofchurchesandtemplesareonlyacoupleofreasonswhythisworld-famoussiteisamust-visitdestination.YellowstoneNationalParkUSAYellowstonesvastwildernessincludesmountainrangeslakesandwaterfalls.OneofthemainreasonsfortouriststovisitYellowstoneistoobservetheamazingwildlifelikegrizzlyhearbisonbighornsheepwandertheplainsandvalleys.Foradailymomentoftravelinspirationclickheretofollowme.WherecantouristsenjoybeautifulharborviewsA.InCinqueTerre.B.InAngkorWat.C.InPetra.D.InYellowstoneNationalPark.WhatdoAngkorWatandPetrahaveincommonA.Colorfulstones.B.Religiousrelics.C.Coastalvillages.D.Amazingwildlife.WhereishetextprobablyfromA.Anewsreport.B.Awildlifebrochure.C.Atravelblog.D.Acultureguidebook.第II卷非选择题
三、语法填空共30分AGenerationsofChinesearchaeologists⑴makefruitfulfindingsinthepastcentury.ThesefindingsrangefromthediscoveryoftheYangshaovillagesiteinHenanprovincein1921⑵markthebirthofmodemChinesearchaeologytotheSanxingduisiteinSichuanprovince.Themost⑶significancefindingsarerecognizedonhelistofthetoplOOarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofChinainthepast100years.Thelist4announcebytheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministrationat⑸openingceremonyofthethirdChineseArchaeologyCongressinSanmcnxia.In⑹addotheYangshaositewhichdatesbackmorethan5000yearsandtheSanxingduibronzecivilizationsitefromabout3000yearsagomanynamesfamiliar⑺hegeneralpublicwereincludedonthelist.Amongthemisthemausoleum陵墓ofChinasfirstemperorQinshihuang⑻knowworldwideasthehomeoftheTerracottaWarriors.WangWeipresidentoftheArchaeologicalSocietyofChinasaidThepastcenturyhastoldusthatChinesearchaeologyhastostickoourowncharacteristicsandbecome⑼deeprootedintherealityofourcountry.ThesediscoveriessolvedpuzzlesintheirrespectivefieldsIhadwideinfluenceathomeandabroadWangadded.BIn1972UNESCOstartedaprogrammetoprotecttheworldsculturaland⑴natureheritage.Sincethenalargenumberofculturalsites2addtotheWorldHeritageList.TheTajMahalinIndiaandtheImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesinChina⑶betwoofthebestknownexamples.TheTajMahaloneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworldisamasterpiece杰作ofarchitecture.4tookmorethan20000workersand
1.000elephantstocompletetheprojectandthestonescamefromasfarawayasChina.makestheImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesuniqueisthattheybringtogetherarchitectureandphilosophy.⑹buildbetween1368and1915hetombsrepresent代表Chineseculturalandhistorical7valuethathavebeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationforthousandsofyears.Humanlifelastsonlyashorttime8artandculturelastforever.Theprogrammeattempts⑼protectandpreservethebestofhumanhistory.MasterpiecessuchastheTajMahalandtheImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesremindus10thethingswecanachieveatourfinestandinspireustoliveuptoourgreatpastinthefuture.
四、书面表达共25分京剧、昆曲等传统戏剧是中国文化的瑰宝,但如今的青少年却对中国传统戏剧缺乏兴趣请你就此向校刊Opinion栏目投稿内容包括.描述现状;.陈述原因;.提出建议注意.100词左右;.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯答案1-
15.A、D、C、C、A、A、A、C、D、C、B、D、A、C、A.本文讲述了WilliamLindsay为保护长城所付出的努力在过去的三十年里,他把大部分时间花在了徒步探索长城上,并为保护这一文化遗产做出了自己的努力句意“留下一个比你发现时更好的地方”这是一个简单的哲学,但williamLindsay珍视它A.simple简单的;B.foiynal正式的;C.classic经典的;D.major主要的根据上文中的Leaveaplacebetterthanyoufoundit和下文中的butonethatWilliamLindcsayholdsdear可知,这是一种简单的人生哲学,但williamLindsay珍视它故选A.4月22日,也是地球日他带领20名志愿者帮助清理剑口长城A.experts专家;B.writers作家;C.owners主人;D.volunteers志愿者根据空后tohelpcleanuptheJiankousectionoftheGreatWall.可知应该是带领20名志愿者帮助清理剑口长城故选D.”在乎的人是所有者,William在2000年的清理活动开幕式上说A.climbs攀爬:B.knows知道;C.cares关心,在乎;D.forgives原谅根据上文OnApril22whichwasalsoEarthDayheledtwenty2tohelpcleanuptheJiankousectionoftheGreatWall.4月22日,也是地球日,他带领20名志愿者帮助清理剑口长城可知此处是指在乎的人故选C.“长城属于中国,也是世界上最伟大的建筑之一A.makesup编造;B.differsfrom与不同;C.bclongsto属于;D.dcpcndson依靠根据常识可知长城属于中国故选C.每个人都有责任保护它A.duty责任;B.choice选择C.proposal提议;D.try尝试根据上文TheGreatWall4Chinaandisalsooneofhegreatestculturalrelicsinheworld.长城属于中国,也是世界上最伟大的建筑之一以及空后toprotectit.可知此时指每个人都有责任保护它故选A.句意在过去的三十年里,他把大部分时间都花在了徒步和探索长城上,并为保护这一文化遗产做出了自己的努力°A.walking步行;B.building建造;C.designing设计;D.investigating调查根据空后exploringtheGreatWall可知是指他把大部分时间都花在了徒步和探索长城上故选A.句意同上A.efforts努力;B.character性格;C.agreements协议;d.factors因素根据Duringthepastthreedecadeshehasspentmostofhistime...toprotecttheculuralrelic及下文中的hisfirst....theInternationalFriendsoftheGreatWall可知,他对于保护文化遗迹做曲了自己的努力故选A.句意威廉说“人们出去玩,去发现伟大的历史和遗产,这是一件好事,但如果他们没有意识到历史遗迹和环境是多么脆弱,那也是很危险的A.special特别的;B.creative有创造力的;C.good好的;D.curious好奇的根据thatpeoplearegoingoutoenjoyhemselvesandto9thegreathistoryandheritage可知人们出去玩,去发现伟大的历史和遗产,这是一件好事故选c.句意同上A.contrast对比;B.spread传播:C.affect影响;D.discover发现根据空后thegreathistoryandherilage结合常识可知人们出去玩,去发现伟大的历史和遗产故选D10•句意同上A.recommcnd建议;B.explain解释;C.realizc意识到;D.admit承认根据butifsalsoquitedangerousiftheydont10howfragilethehistoricsitesarcandhowfragiletheQDis可知此处是指如果他们没有意识到历史遗迹和环境是多么脆弱,那也是很危险的故选C.句意同上A.condiiion条件;B.environment环境;C.situation情况;D.equipment设备根据butitsalsoquitedangerousifheydont10howfragilethehistoricsitesareandhowfragiletheJILLis可知此处是指如果他们没有意识到历史遗迹和环境是多么脆弱,那也是很危险的故选B.句意1989年,他的第一本《独自在长城上》出版了,此后他又出版了五本关于长城的书A.magazine杂志;B.paper纸;C.article文章;D.book书根据Greaf1%〃可知是一本书故选D.句意2001年,他成立了国际长城之友协会,致力于保护这一与历史相连的纽带A.established成立;B.inspired鼓舞;C.introduced介绍;D.unified统一根据下文中的InternationalFriendsoftheGreatWall可知,在2001年,他成立了国际长城之友协会,致力于保护长城与历史的联系故选A.句意同上A.contribution捐款;B.image形象;C.link连接纽带;D.tradition传统根据whoseaimistoprotectthis14tothepast.可知是指致力于保护这一与历史相连的纽带故选C.句意他的下一步计划是组织有关长城在过去400年里作为一个纪念碑的展览A.organize组织;B.preserve保护;C.document记录;D.identify识别根据Hisnextstepisto15exhibitions展览会abouttheGreatWallasamonumentoverthelast400years.nJ知止匕处是指他的下一步计划是组织有关长城在过去400年里作为一个纪念碑的展览故选A16-
19.D、A、D、D.根据第二段中的TodealwiththelargeflowofpeopleonSundayafternoontheofficialWeiboaccountoftheSanxingduiMuseumrecommendedvisitorstorescheduletheirvisitingtimeandtraveloff-peak非高峰期地为了应对庞大的人流量,周日下午,三星堆博物馆的官方微博账号建议游客重新安排参观时间和在非高峰期旅游由此可知,三星堆博物馆通过建议游客避开高峰时间来应对大量的游客故选Do.根据第四段中的Themuseumsaidthenewly-foundpitshavenotbeenunveiledyetandthenewly-excavatedculturalreliesaresailunderrepairandcantmeetthepublicatpresento博物馆表示,新发现的坑尚未向公众开放,新发掘的文物仍在修复中,目前无法与公众见面
1.A.simpleB.formalC.classicD.mjijor
2.A.expertsB.writersC.ownersD.volunteers
3.A.climbsB.knowsC.caresD.forgives
4.A.makesupB.differsfromC.belongstoD.dependson
5.A.dutyB.choiceC.proposalD.try
6.A.walkingB.buildingC.designingD.investigating
7.A.effortsB.charactersC.agreementsD.factors
8.A.specialB.creativeC.goodD.curious
9.A.contrastB.spreadC.affectD.discover
10.A.recommendB.explainC.realizeD.admit
11.A.conditionB.environmentC.situationD.equipment
12.A.magazineB.paperC.articleD.book
13.A.establishedB.inspiredC.introducedD.unified
14.A.contributionB.imageC.linkD.tradition。