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2021-2022学年人教版
(2019)必修一:Unit4Naturaldisasters重点短语和句型扇;五粒I口onhand现有(尤指帮助)彳列Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.【短语拓展】inhand在手头;在进行中byhand用手athand在手边;即将到来handinhand手拉手地;密切关联handin提交,交上handout分发handover移交【巧学助记】feelreallysorrythatwedonthavetheseproducts(现有).Povertyandpoorhealthoftengo(密切关联).Weareaskedto(交)vacationhomeworkonthefirstdayofthesemester.Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircrops(手工).Therearegoodcafesandarestaurantclose(在手边).sweepaway消灭,彻底消除彳列Wecleanthehouseandsweepawaybadluck.【短语拓展】sweepup打扫,清扫sweepaside对置之不理;不理会;全然无视sweepout打扫干净,清扫干净(房间等)【巧学助记】Parentscant(消除)allobstacles(障碍)fortheirchildrenwhoshouldlearntobeindependentGetabroomand(清扫)thatglasswillyouAlltheiradvicewas(被无视)whichisoutofexpectations.calm(...)down(使)平静下来,(使)镇定下来例Whenyouareangrytrytodosomethingrelaxingtocalmyourselfdown.Calmdownforaminuteandlistentome.【巧学助记】Movedbywhatshesaidhecouldhardly(平青争下来).Thechildwascryingsothenursegavehimsometoysto(使他平静下来).
三、句型asif引导的从句asif意为“似乎,好像”,可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句其意义和用法与asthough相同⑴引导表语从句常置于系动词lookseemsoundfeelsmell等之后Listentothethunder!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.听雷声!看来似乎要下雨了Itlooksasifshesgoneawayforafewdays.看起来她好像已经出去几天了⑵引导方式状语从句Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴似乎要说什么
(3)asif/asthough引导的从句的语气
①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,那么从句就用陈述语气;
②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据,只是表达一种假设,愿望、怀疑或推测,那么就用虚拟语气下表为表示虚拟的情况:Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutit.与现在事实相反Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghadhappened.与故去事实相反Itseemsasiftherainwouldneverstop.与将来事实相反【巧学助记】l.HespeaksEnglishasifhebeanativeEnglishspeaker.Hedescribedthecharacterasifhemeetthemfacetoface.Tomraisedhishandsasifsaysomething.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifithappenyesterday.
2.leave+宾语+宾补结构在leave+宾语+宾补结构中,leave是使役动词,表示“让……处于某种状态、某地等”具体形式如下1leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.Ifscruelofhimtoleavethepoorbeggaroutside.Icantfindmypurse.IcouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterdaybutIamnotsure.2leave+宾语+名词多表示一种结果Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsagoleavinghimanorphan.他的父母两年前去世了他成了孤儿3leave+宾语+现在分词现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系Katessuddenleavingleftusallwonderingwhatwasgoingtohappen凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事4leave+宾语+过去分词过去分词表示被动或动作的完成,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.【巧学助记】VincentvanGoghspaintingsoftenleaveaudienceguessandmakethemusetheirimagination.Shedidntfeelexcitedatthenewsthatshewasofferedagoodjobleavingusconfuse.Thebigfireleftthekitchenseriouslydamageandtheovencompletelydestroy.她把钥匙忘在了办公室She.“主语+be+adj.+forsb.+不定式”句型句型特点1此处的形容词多表示主语的性质、特征的词常见的此类形容词有easydifficulthardimportantimpossibleinterestingpleasantnicecomfortabledangerouscheapheavy等2不定式中的动词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表被动意义3不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并由for引出4若不定式中的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上符合句意的相应介词例Thechairiscomfortabletositon.【巧学助记】Thequestionisdifficultforsuchalittleboyanswer.Themachineiseasyoperateandanybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这位秘书很不好相处Thissecretaryis.sb.bedoingsth.when...此句表示“某人正在做某事,这时突然……”,句中when是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一分句通常用过去进行时,后一分句通常用一般过去时when表示“这时那时突然”时相当于andthenandjustthen或andatthattimewhen可以suddenly连用以加强语气在此句型中,when不能用while替换彳列Heisdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeginsringing.【句型拓展】beabouttodosth.when…某人正要做某事,这时突然2beonthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事,这时突然3hadjustdonesth.when...某人刚做完某事,这时突然【巧学助记】ThetrainleavewhenIhurriedtothestation.Jackworkinthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.Tomwasaboutclosethewindowwhenhisattentionwasattractedbyabird.Thecoachwasonthepointofgiveupwhenourteamscoredagoal.“make+it+形容词/名词+不定式/从句”句型句型特点1此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式/从句2可用于此结构的动词除了make外,还包括thinkbelievemakefindconsiderfeel等3宾补的两种形式形容词和名词彳列Thismakesitpossibleforagricultureandindustrytodevelopquickly.Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Hemakesitclearwhatheintendedtodo.【巧学助记】mustmakeclearthatIwillsupportyouforever.
2.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakehardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.
3.1finditdifficultdothejobwell.翻译句子.他认为养家是他的责任.我们认为抱怨是没有用的.我们都认为跟他们争论此事是值得的2021-2022学年人教版2019必修一Unit4Naturaldisasters重点短语和句型答案版扇;五粒I口onhand现有尤指帮助彳列Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.【短语拓展】inhand在手头;在进行中byhand用手athand在手边;即将到来handinhand手拉手地;密切关联handin提交交上handout分发handover移交【巧学助记】feelreallysorrythatwedonthavetheseproducts(现有).Povertyandpoorhealthoftengo(密切关联).Weareaskedto(交)vacationhomeworkonthefirstdayofthesemester.Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircrops(手工).Therearegoodcafesandarestaurantclose(在手边).[答案]
1.onhand
2.handinhand
3.handin
4.byhand
5.athandsweepaway消灭,彻底消除彳列Wecleanthehouseandsweepawaybadluck.【短语拓展】sweepup打扫,清扫sweepaside对置之不理;不理会;全然无视sweepout打扫干净,清扫干净(房间等)【巧学助记】Parentscant(消除)allobstacles(障碍)fortheirchildrenwhoshouldlearntobeindependent.Getabroomand(清扫)thatglasswillyouAlltheiradvicewas(被无视)whichisoutofexpectations.【答案】
1.sweepaway
2.sweepup
3.sweptasidecalm(...)down(使)平静下来,(使)镇定下来彳列Whenyouareangrytrytodosomethingrelaxingtocalmyourselfdown.Calmdownforaminuteandlistentome.【巧学助记】Movedbywhatshesaidhecouldhardly(平静下来).Thechildwascryingsothenursegavehimsometoysto(使他平静下来).[答案]
1.calmdown
2.calmhimdown
三、句型asif引导的从句asif意为“似乎,好像”,可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句其意义和用法与asthough相同⑴引导表语从句常置于系动词lookseemsoundfeelsmell等之后Listentothethunder!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.听雷声!看来似乎要下雨了Itlooksasifshesgoneawayforafewdays.看起来她好像已经出去几天了⑵引导方式状语从句Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴似乎要说什么
(3)asif/asthough引导的从句的语气
①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,那么从句就用陈述语气;
②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据,只是表达一种假设,愿望、怀疑或推测,那么就用虚拟语气下表为表示虚拟的情况:Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutit.与现在事实相反Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghadhappened.与故去事实相反Itseemsasiftherainwouldneverstop.与将来事实相反【巧学助记】l.HespeaksEnglishasifhebeanativeEnglishspeaker.Hedescribedthecharacterasifhemeetthemfacetoface.Tomraisedhishandsasifsaysomething.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifithappenyesterday.【答案】
1.were
2.hadmet
3.tosay
4.happened
2.leave+宾语+宾补结构在leave+宾语+宾补结构中,leave是使役动词,表示“让……处于某种状态、某地等具体形式如下1leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.Itscruelofhimtoleavethepoorbeggaroutside.Icantfindmypurse.IcouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterdaybutIamnotsure.leave+宾语+名词多表示一种结果Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsagoleavinghimanorphan.他的父母两年前去世了他成了孤儿3leave+宾语+现在分词现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系Katessuddenleavingleftusallwonderingwhatwasgoingtohappen凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事4leave+宾语+过去分词过去分词表示被动或动作的完成,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.【巧学助记】VincentvanGoghspaintingsoftenleaveaudienceguessandmakethemusetheirimagination.Shedidntfeelexcitedatthenewsthatshewasofferedagoodjobleavingusconfuse.Thebigfireleftthekitchenseriouslydamageandtheovencompletelydestroy.她把钥匙忘在了办公室She.【答案】
1.guessing
2.confused
3.damaged;destroyed
4.leftherkeysintheoffice
3.“主语+be+adj.+forsb.+不定式”句型句型特点1此处的形容词多表示主语的性质、特征的词常见的此类形容词有easydifficulthardimportantimpossibleinterestingpleasantnicecomfortabledangerouscheapheavy等2不定式中的动词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表被动意义3不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并由for引出4若不定式中的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上符合句意的相应介词例Thechairiscomfortabletositon.【巧学助记】Thequestionisdifficultforsuchalittleboyanswer.Themachineiseasyoperateandanybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这位秘书很不好相处Thissecretaryis.【答案】
1.toanswer
2.tooperate
3.verydifficulttogetalongwithsb.bedoingsth.when...此句表示“某人正在做某事,这时突然……”,句中when是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一分句通常用过去进行时,后一分句通常用一般过去时when表示“这时,那时突然”时,相当于andthenandjustthen或andatthattime.when可以suddenly连用以加强语气在此句型中,when不能用while替换彳列Heisdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeginsringing.【句型拓展】beabouttodosth.when…某人正要做某事这时突然2beonthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事,这时突然3hadjustdonesth.when...某人刚做完某事,这时突然【巧学助记】ThetrainleavewhenIhurriedtothestation.Jackworkinthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.Tomwasaboutclosethewindowwhenhisattentionwasattractedbyabird.Thecoachwasonthepointofgiveupwhenourteamscoredagoal.【答案】l.hadleft
2.wasworking
3.toclose
4.giving“make+it+形容词/名词+不定式/从句”句型句型特点1此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式/从句2可用于此结构的动词除了make外,还包括thinkbelievemakefindconsiderfeel等3宾补的两种形式形容词和名词彳列Thismakesitpossibleforagricultureandindustrytodevelopquickly.Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Hemakesitclearwhatheintendedtodo.【巧学助记】mustmakeclearthatIwillsupportyouforever.
2.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakehardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.
3.1finditdifficultdothejobwell.翻译句子•他认为养家是他的责任.我们认为抱怨是没有用的.我们都认为跟他们争论此事是值得的【答案】
1.it
2.it3todoHeconsidersithisdutytosupporthisfamily.Wethinkitnousecomplaining.Weallfounditworthwhiletoarguewiththemaboutthismatter.asif/asthough引导的从句虚拟情况从句谓语与现在事实相反一般过去时(be动词,般用were)与过去事实相反过去完成时与将来事实相反would/might/could+动词原形asif/asthough引导的从句虚拟情况从句谓语与现在事实相反一般过去时(be动词,般用were)与过去事实相反过去完成时与将来事实相反would/might/could+动词原形。