2022-2023学年上海市高考英语模拟试卷

2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷LListeningcomprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanksuseonewordthatbestfitseachblank.CatsareactuallysurprisinglybadatcatchingratsIfyouareannoyedbyratsthinktwiceaboutgettingacat.Acatmightleadtotheappearanceofarat-freehomebutitturnsoutthattheratsarestillthere.Theyarejustkeepingalowprofile.“CatsarenotthenaturalenemyofratsJsaysMichaelParsonsofFordhamUniversityNewYork.Theyprefersmallerprey.^^Histeam］studyaratcolonyatarecyclingplantinNewYorkinthepastfewyears.Whencatsmovedintotheplantlastyeartheresearchersweredisappointedbutdecidedtosetupcameras2monitorthearea.Overfivemonthstheysawjustthreeattemptsbycatstocatchratsonlytwoof3succeeded.Catshavegoodreasonstobecautious.Thecommonrathaslargeteeththatcangiveapainfulbiteandcarrylotsofdiseases.Theyalso4weigh340gramsonaverage——comparedwith25gramsforamouse.Parsonsthinksthatonlystarvingcatswillattempttocatchrats5-theratsaresickorinjured.Thetworats6killduringtheteamsstudymayhavebeenweakenedbyeatingpoisonedfoodhesays.Howevercatsdohaveabiginfluenceonratbehaviour.RatsoverestimatetheriskcausedbycatsJsaysParsons.Histeamfoundthatwhencatsareinthearearatsspendmuchmoretimein7hideandmovearoundcautiously.Thatmeanstheyaremuchlesslikelytobeseenbypeoplewhichcouldexplain8mostpeoplewronglythinkcatsaregoodatkillingrats.Somecatownersmay9convincetheirpetsareexcellentratters.ButParsonshasfoundthatmanypeoplemistakemice10rats.Thatsaiditispossiblethereareafewexceptionalcatsthatdotakeonhealthyadultratshesays.［答案］

1.hasbeenstudying

2.tomonitorSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AKimHyoJinashyjuniorhighschoolstudentstoodbeforeherAmericanteacher.ThesmilingteacherheldupagreenpepperandaskedinclearEnglish:“Whatisthis”“Peemang!”answeredtheSouthKoreanteenagerwhothencoveredhermouthwithahandasiftostop一toolate-theKoreanwordthathadlefthermouth.Embarrassedshetriedagain.WithoutlookingtheteacherintheeyesheheldbothherhandsoutandaskedthistimeinEnglish:MayIhavegreenpepper”KimtookthevegetablewithabowandranbacktoherclassmatesfeelingrelievedthatshehadsuccessfullytakenasmallfirststeptowardovercomingwhatSouthKoreansconsideroneoftheirbiggestweaknessesinglobalcompetitiveness:thefearofspeakinginEnglishtowesterners.Kimwasamong300juniorhighschoolstudentsgoingthroughaweeklongtraininginthisnewEnglishVillage.Thecomplexlookslikeamini-towntransplantedfromaEuropeancountrytothisSouthKoreancountryside.IthasitsownimmigrationofficecityhallbookstorecafeteriagymamainstreetwithWesternstorefrontspoliceofficersandalive-inpopulationof160nativeEnglishspeakers.AllsignsareinEnglishtheonlylanguageallowed.Hereonasix-daycoursethatchargeseachstudent80000wonor$82pupilscheckintoahotelshoptakecookinglessonsandmakemusicvideos-allinEnglish.TherearelanguagepolicemenaroundpunishingstudentsspeakingKoreanwithafineinthevillagecurrencyorreddotsontheirvillagepassports.SouthKoreahasbecomeoneofthemostaggressivecountriesinAsiaatteachingEnglishtoitscitizens.Outsidetheschoolsystemparentsarepayinganestimated10trillionwonayeartohelptheirchildrenlearnEnglishathomeorabroad.Neverthelessmanycollegegraduatesareafraidofchattingwithnativespeakers.ThatlinguistssayisaresultofanationalschoolsystemthattraditionallystressesreadingandmemorizationofEnglishgrammarandvocabularyattheexpenseofconversation.InKoreaUniversityofSeoul30percentofallclassesarenowinEnglish.SpeakingEnglishwithanativeaccenthasbecomeastatussymbol.WhatwasKimHyoJinsproblemShespokeEnglishwithaKoreanaccent.ShedarednottalkwithwesternersinEnglish.ShewasafraidoflookingatherEnglishteacher.ShekeptstayingwithherKoreanclassmates.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheEnglishVillage^^ItislocatedinaEuropeancountry.Ithouses460Koreanstudentsinaweek.StudentswillbepunishedfornotspeakingEnglish.Studentstaketurnstoserveaslanguagepolicemen.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthewaythatKoreanstudentslearnEnglishatschoolTherearentenoughEnglishclassesgiventostudents.Studentsdonthaveenoughchancestopractisespeaking.Emphasisisplacedonstudentsabilitytocommunicate.Grammarandvocabularyistaughtbyold-fashionedmethods.WhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassageA.LetsReadinEnglishB.EnglishasaGlobalLanguageC.AHungerforEnglishLessonsD.ChangeinKoreansAttitudetoEnglish【答案】

36.B

37.C

38.B

39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章以初中学生KimHyoJin为例，说明了韩国人害怕与西方人说英语介绍了一个名为“英语村”的培训项目以及韩国的英语教授情况【36题详解】细节理解题根据第四段“KimtookthevegetablewithabowandranbacktoherclassmatesfeelingrelievedthatshehadsuccessfullytakenasmallfirststeptowardovercomingwhatSouthKoreansconsideroneoftheirbiggestweaknessesinglobalcompetitiveness:thefearofspeakinginEnglishtowesterners.（Kim拿起蔬菜，鞠了——躬，跑回她的同学身边，她感到如释重负，因为她成功地迈出了一小步，克服了韩国人认为的全球竞争力最大弱点之一害怕与西方人说英语）”可知，KimHyoJin的问题是她不敢用英语和西方人交谈故选B【37题详解】细节理解题根据倒数第三段中“TherearelanguagepolicemenaroundpunishingstudentsspeakingKoreanwithafineinthevillagecurrencyorreddotsontheirvillagepassports.（周围还有语言警察，对说韩国语的学生处以村币罚款或在他们的村护照上涂上红点）”可知，C选项“学生不讲英语将受到惩罚”正确故选C推理判断题根据d到数第二段中“Neverthelessmanycollegegraduatesareafraidofchattingwithnativespeakers.ThatlinguistssayisaresultofanationalschoolsystemthattraditionallystressesreadingandmemorizationofEnglishgrammarandvocabularyattheexpenseofconversation』然而，许多大学毕业生害怕与以英语为母语的人交谈语言学家说，这是国家学校系统传统上强调阅读和记忆英语语法和词汇，而不是对话的结果）”可知，韩国学校系统传统上不强调对话，可得出韩国学生没有足够的机会练习口语故选B【39题详解】主旨大意题根据第四段“KimtookthevegetablewithabowandranbacktoherclassmatesfeelingrelievedthatshehadsuccessfullytakenasmallfirststeptowardovercomingwhatSouthKoreansconsideroneoftheirbiggestweaknessesinglobalcompetitiveness:thefearofspeakinginEnglishtowesterners.（Kim拿起蔬菜，鞠了一躬，跑回她的同学身边，她感到如释重负，因为她成功地迈出了一小步，克服了韩国人认为的全球竞争力最大弱点之一害怕与西方人说英语）”结合文章以初中学生KimHyoJin为例，说明了韩国人害怕与西方人说英语介绍了一个名为“英语村”的培训项目以及韩国的英语教授情况可知，A选项“让我们读英语”最符合文章标题故选A（B）Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesdependsontheexistencesofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimesvaguesometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasitesorganismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandgetnutrientsdirectlyfromthem.TheparasiticwayoflifeiswidespreadAnumberofmicro-organisms（includingvirusesandbacteria）andanarmyofinvertebrates（无脊椎动物）maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisattacklivingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.Certainfungi（真菌）andevensomekindsofbacteriareleasesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternalenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorpreventingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupytheareathuseliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexamplewhenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteriamanykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptofightofftheinvaders.Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderablyallmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof“foreign“cells.Infactthroughouttheanimalkingdomthereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorpartsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromcloselyrelatedindividuals.Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“selfandnonselfwhilepresentinallanimalsismostefficientamongvertebrateswhichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.WhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscussHoworganismsreacttoinvaders.Howparasitesreproducethemselves.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.Howtheimmunesystemsofvertebratesdeveloped.Accordingtothepassagesomeorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto.aiddigestionfightoffotherorganismspreventdiseaseinhumanscreatenewtypesofnutrientsAccordingtothepassagetheabilitytodistinguishbetween“selfandnonselfenablesvertebratesto.A.getridofantibioticsaccepttransplantedcellsdetectandreacttoinvasionweakentheirimmunesystem【答案】

40.A

41.B

42.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文文章阐明了生物体如何对入侵者的做出反应【40题详解】主旨大意题根据第一段的“Inthefaceofthisattacklivingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.（面对这种攻击，生物进化出了各种各样的防御机制来保护自己的身体不受其他生物的入侵）”，第二段的uCertainfungi（真菌）andevensomekindsofbacteriareleasesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternalenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorpreventingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupytheareathuseliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.（某些真菌甚至某些种类的细菌会将称为抗生素的物质释放到它们的外部环境中这些物质能够杀死或阻止占据该区域的各种细菌的生长，从而消除或减少对营养物质的竞争）”以及第三段的uMembersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.（动物王国的成员已经发展出各种各样的防御机制来对付寄生虫）”可知，文章主要讲述生物体如何对入侵者的做出反应故选A[41题详解】细节理解题根据第二段的uCertainfungi（真菌）andevensomekindsofbacteriareleasesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternalenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorpreventingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupytheareathuseliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.（某些真菌甚至某些种类的细菌会将称为抗生素的物质释放到它们的外部环境中这些物质能够杀死或阻止占据该区域的各种细菌的生长，从而消除或减少对营养物质的竞争）”可知，有些生物体会产生抗生素是为了抵御其它生物体故选B【42题详解】细节理解题根据最后一段“Theabilitytodistinguishbetweenself9andnonselfwhilepresentinallanimalsismostefficientamongvertebrateswhichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.（所有动物都有区分“自我”和“非我”能力，在脊椎动物中最为有效，它们已经发展出一种免疫系统作为它们的防御机制免疫系统识别并采取行动对抗外来入侵者和被视为外来细胞的移植组织）”可推断，区分“自我”和“非我”的能力使得脊椎动物可以识别入侵并做出反应故选C（C）AsFransdeWaalaprimatologist（灵长动物学家），recognizesabetterwaytothinkaboutothercreatureswouldbetoaskourselveshowdifferentspecieshavedevelopeddifferentkindsofmindstosolvedifferentadaptiveproblems.Surelytheimportantquestionisnotwhetheranimalscandothesamethingshumanscanbuthowthoseanimalssolvethecognitive（认矢口的）problemstheyfacelikehowtoimitatetheseafloor.Childrenandsomeanimalsaresointerestingnotbecausetheyaresmartlikeusbutbecausetheyaresmartinwayswehaventevenconsidered.Sometimesstudyingchildrenswaysofknowingcancastlightonadult-humancognition.Childrenspretendplaymayhelpusunderstandouradulttasteforfiction.DeWaalsresearchprovidesanotherinterestingexample.Wehumanbeingstendtothinkthatoursocialrelationshipsarerootedinourperceptionsbeliefsanddesiresandourunderstandingoftheperceptionsbeliefsanddesiresofothers-whatpsychologistscallour“theoryofInthe80sand90sdevelopmentalpsychologistsshowedthatpre-schoolersandeveninfantsunderstandmindsapartfromtheirown.Butitwashardtoshowthatotheranimalsdidthesame.Theoryofmind^^becameacandidatefbrthespecialuniquelyhumantrick.YetdeWaalsstudiesshowthatchimps（黑猩猩）possessaremarkablydevelopedpoliticalintelligence-theyaremuchinterestedinfiguringoutsocialrelationships.ItturnsoutasdeWaaldescribesthatchimpsdoinfersomethingaboutwhatotherchimpssee.Butexperimentalstudiesalsosuggestthatthishappensonlyinacompetitivepoliticalcontext.Theevolutionaryanthropologist（人类学家）BrainHareandhiscolleaguesgaveajuniorchimpachoicebetweenpiecesoffoodthatadominantchimphadseenhiddenandotherpiecesithadnotseenhidden.Thejuniorchimpwhowatchedallthehidingstayedawayfromthefoodthedominantchimphadseenbuttookthefoodithadntseen.Anyonewhohasgonetoanacademicconferencewillrecognizethatwemaybeinthesamesituation.Wemaysaythatwesignupbecausewereeagertofindoutwhatotherhumanbeingsthinkbutwerejustasinterestedinwhosontop.Manyofthepoliticaljudgmentswemaketheredonthavemuchtodowithourtheoryofmind.Wemayshowourrespecttoafamousprofessorevenifwehavenorespectforhisideas.Untilrecentlyhowevertherewasntmuchresearchintohowhumansdevelopandemploythiskindofpoliticalknowledge.Itmaybethatweunderstandthesocialworldintermsofdominance.likechimpsbutwereiusnotusuallyaspoliticallymotivatedastheyare.Insteadofaskingwhetherwehaveabettereverydaytheoryofmindwemightwonderwhethertheyhaveabettereverydaytheoryofpolitics.AccordingtothefirstparagraphwhichofthefollowingshowsthatananimalissmartItcanbehavelikeahumankid.Itcanimitatewhathumanbeingsdo.Itcanfindasolutiontoitsownproblem.Itcanfigureoutthoseadaptiveproblems.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesourtheoryofmind”Wetalkwithinfantsinawaythattheycanfullyunderstand.Wemakeguessesatwhatothersthinkwhileinteractingwiththem.Wehideouremotionswhenwetryestablishingcontactwithastranger.Wetrytounderstandhowkidspretendplayaffectsourtasteforfiction.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageANeitherhumannoranimalsdisplaytheirpreferencefordominance.Animalslivinginacompetitivepoliticalcontextaresmarter.Bothhumansandsomeanimalshavepoliticalintelligence.Humansaremoreinterestedinwhosontopthananimals.Bytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphthewritermeansthat.weknowlittleabouthowchimpsarepoliticallymotivatedourpoliticalknowledgedoesntalwaysdeterminehowwebehaveourtheoryofmindmightenableustounderstandourtheoryofpoliticsmoreresearchshouldbeconductedtounderstandanimalssocialworld【答案】

43.C

44.B

45.C

46.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了我们人类的心智理论，同时说明了黑猩猩虽和人类一样有政治才能，但是不一样的是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的行为【43题详解】细节理解题根据第一段中的“AsFransdeWaalaprimatologist（灵长动物学家）recognizesabetterwaytothinkaboutothercreatureswouldbetoaskourselveshowdifferentspecieshavedevelopeddifferentkindsofmindstosolvedifferentadaptiveproblems.Surelytheimportantquestionisnotwhetheranimalscandothesamethingshumanscanbuthowthoseanimalssolvethecognitive（认知的）problemstheyfacelikehowtoimitatetheseafloor.（正如灵长类动物学家弗朗斯・德・瓦尔（FransdeWaal）所认识到的，思考其他生物的一个更好的方法是问我们自己，不同物种是如何发展出不同类型的思维来解决不同的适应问题的当然，重要的问题不是动物是否能做人类能做的事情，而是这些动物如何解决它们面临的认知问题，比如如何模仿海底）”可推知，动物也很聪明，“它能找到解决自己问题的办法”能证明这一点，故选C【44题详解】推理判断题根据第二段中的“Wehumanbeingstendtothinkthatoursocialrelationshipsarerootedinourperceptionsbeliefsanddesiresandourunderstandingoftheperceptionsbeliefsanddesiresofothers一whatpsychologistscallourtheoryofmind「（我们人类倾向于认为，我们的社会关系植根于我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解心理学家称之为我们的“心智理论”）”可知，“心智理论”即我们对我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解，由此推知，B选项“Wemakeguessesatwhatothersthinkwhileinteractingwiththem.（我们在与他人互动的同时，猜测他人的想法）”就是“心智理论”的体现，即我们与他人互动过程中，我们要猜测他人的想法，去理解周围人类的心理状态，故选B[45题详解】推理判断题根据第三段中的“YetdeWaalsstudiesshowthatchimps（黑猩猩）possessaremarkablydevelopedpoliticalintelligence-theyaremuchinterestedinfiguringoutsocialrelationships.（然而，德瓦尔的研究表明黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣）”和最后一段中的“Untilrecentlyhowevertherewasntmuchresearchintohowhumansdevelopandemploythiskindofpoliticalknowledge（然而，直到最近，对于人类如何发展和运用这种政治知识，还没有太多的研究）”可推知，人类和一些动物是有政治智慧，故选C【46题详解】词句猜测题根据画线句子下文“Insteadofaskingwhetherwehaveabettereverydaytheoryofmindwemightwonderwhethertheyhaveabettereverydaytheoryofpolitics.（与其问我们是否有更好的日常心智理论，不如问他们是否有更好的日常政治理论）”和第三段中的第一句话“YetdeWaaPsstudiesshowthatchimps（黑猩猩）possessaremarkablydevelopedpoliticalintelligence-theyaremuchinterestedinfiguringoutsocialrelationships.（然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力一一它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣）”可知，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，结合划线句子Itmaybethatweunderstandthesocialworldintermsofdominancelikechimpsbutwerejustnotusuallyaspoliticallymotivatedastheyare.（也许我们像黑猩猩一样，从支配地位的角度来理解社会世界，但我们通常不像它们那样有政治动机）”可知，人类不像黑猩猩一样有政治动机，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，由此可知，画线句子所表达的意思是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的表现，故选BSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ChangingSomeonesMindattheDinnerTableFamilygatheringscanbringuptopicsweprefertoavoid.Withthefestiveseasoninfullswingitmightbehardtostayawayfromsomeannoyingrelatives.Atsomepointyouknowtheywillsaysomethinglike:^GeneticallymodifiedfoodsarenotsafetoeatorClimatechangeisaconspiracy”.（Surelyallthesestatementsareuntrue.）47Isitworthmakinganefforttocorrectpeople”saysJasonReiflerattheUniversityofExeterUKwhostudieswaysofchallengingmisperceptions.Ithinkso.48Obviouslyitisfarmoredifficulttoprovefalsebeliefswrongthantospreadthem.Takeaclassic:Theclimatehasalwayschangeditsnothingtodowithhumans.Tofightthisyouneedtoexplainhowtheworldisnowwarmingatanalarmingratewhenotherwiseitwouldbecoolingslightlywereitnotforourcarbondioxideemissions.49Parallel“argumentscanoftenhighlightlogicalerrorsveryeffectivelysaysJohnCookofGeorgeMasonUniversityVirginia.Forinstancethe“climateisalwayschanging^^mythislikeclaimingthatbecausepeoplehavealwaysstolenfromeachotherleavingyourhouseunlockedwontincreasetheriskofburglary（入室抢劫）.Butyouneedtobeawareofthebackfire（适得其反的）effect.50Thiswasdiscouragingnewsforthefightagainstfalsebeliefs.Thelastthingyouwanttodowhendebunking（驳斥）misinformationismakemattersworseJwroteCookandStephanLewandowskyattheUniversityofBristolUKinTheDebunkingHandbookashortguidepublishedin

2011.Howevermorerecentstudiesarefarmoreencouraging.Ifsnotascommonasweinitiallythought/4saysLewandowsky.Thisistheideathattryingtochangesomeonesfalsebeliefcanmakethembelieveitmorestrongly.Howevermorerecentstudiesarefarmoreencouraging.Anyonecanspreadaliebutitusuallytakesabitoftimeandknowledgetoexplainwhyastatementiswrong.Butsometimesthereareshortcutstomakeyourpointconvincing.Ifyouarenotsureofthefactsdosomewebbrowsingonyourphoneratherthantryingtowingit.Ifthishappensyoudonthavetojustsittherequiet.【答案】

47.F

48.C

49.D

50.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了如何在餐桌上改变某人的想法【47题详解】根据后文“Isitworthmakinganefforttocorrectpeople”saysJasonReiflerattheUniversityofExeterUKwhostudieswaysofchallengingmisperceptions.Ithinkso.（“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的JasonReifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解我想是的）”可知，后文提到JasonReifler纠正别人是值得的，所以针对第一段发生的情况，不必只是坐在那里故F选项“如果发生这种情况，你不必只是安静地坐在那里”符合语境，故选F[48题详解】根据上文“Isitworthmakinganefforttocorrectpeople”saysJasonReiflerattheUniversityofExeterUKwhostudieswaysofchallengingmisperceptions.Ithinkso.（“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的JasonReifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解我想是的）”可知，上文提到JasonReifler研究的是如何挑战误解且鼓励人们去澄清误解，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明如何来解释一个陈述是错误的情况故C选项“任何人都可以散布谎言，但通常需要一些时间和知识来解释为什么一个陈述是错误的”符合语境，故选C【49题详解】不艮据后文“ParallelargumentscanoftenhighlightlogicalerrorsveryeffectivelysaysJohnCookofGeorgeMasonUniversityVirginia.Forinstancetheclimateisalwayschanging“mythislikeclaimingthatbecausepeoplehavealwaysstolenfromeachotherleavingyourhouseunlockedwontincreasetheriskofburglary（入室抢劫）.（弗吉尼亚州乔治梅森大学的约翰•库克说，“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误例如，“气候总是在变化”的神话就像是声称因为人们总是互相偷东西，所以不锁房子不会增加入室盗窃的风险）”可知，后文提到“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误，即有其它方法可以让自己的观点更令人信服故D选项“但是有时候有捷径可以让你的观点令人信服”符合语境，故选D【50题详解】根据上文“Butyouneedtobeawareofthebackfire（适得其反的）effect」但你需要注意适得其反的效果）”以及后文“Thiswasdiscouragingnewsforthefightagainstfalsebeliefs.（对于打击错误信念的斗争来说，这是一个令人沮丧的消息）”可知，本句进一步论述会产生何种适得其反的效果试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它故A选项“这个观点认为，试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它”符合语境，故选AIV.SummaryWriting

51.SummaryWritingWorkingAroundAccordingtothelateststatisticsyoungmenandwomenfromtheUKareleavingtheircountryinlargenumbersbecausetheywanttoworkabroad.IstheideaofworkingabroadfactorfictionandwhatisitliketoworkinanothercountryInordertofindanswerstothesequestionstheGuardiannewspaperrecentlyinterviewedBritishworkersinFranceGermanySpainandHolland.Whattheydiscoveredwasthatifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageofthecountryyouareinthenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.Letstakethefollowingexamples.PeterTatemovedtoFrancein

1991.HehadstudiedlightingdesigninEnglandandhadworkedforelevenyearsintheatresaroundthecountry.Hewantedadifferentlifestyleandcertainlydidntexpecttogetajobinhisfieldimmediately.HedidanumberofdifferentjobsuntilhewasfinallyhiredbyDisneylandParisin

1992.Firstheworkedthereasalightingtechnicianthenheeventuallygotajobindesign.Afterallhisexperiencehesaysthatyouhavetoberealisticaboutfindingexactlythekindofjobyouwantabroad.ThetheatreisasmallworldJheexplains.Jobsareusuallyfoundthroughcontracts.IhadtogettoknowpeoplefirstandIdidntspeakverygoodFrenchwhenIfirstarrived.”HeadmitsthathispoorlevelofFrenchwasabigproblem.Hedidathree-monthlanguagecoursebeforehemovedtoFrancepermanentlybutthisstillwasnotenough.Hesaysthatifyouwanttogetagoodjobinanothercountryyouhavetobeabletospeakthelanguagewell.AlackoflanguageskillsisthemainproblemwhentryingtofindworkinEurope.

3.which

4.weigh

5.unless

6.killed

7.hiding

8.whybeconvincedfor【解析】【导语】本文是说明文文章主要讲述了研究表明老鼠可能不是猫的天敌，猫并不擅长捕捉老鼠【1题详解】考查时态句意在过去的几年里，他的团队一直在研究纽约一家回收工厂里的老鼠群落由时间状语inthepastfewyears并结合句意可知，表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成进行时，却主语team是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填hasbeenstudying【2题详解】考查非谓语动词句意当猫去年搬进工厂时，研究人员很失望，但决定设置摄像头来监控该地区分析句子可知，monitor作目的状语，用不定式形式，故填tomonitor【3题详解】考查定语从句句意在五个月的时间里，他们只看到猫三次试图抓老鼠，其中仅有两次成功分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，代替先行词attempts从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，用关系代词which故填whicho【4题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致句意它们的平均体重也为340克，而老鼠的平均体重为25克分析句子可知，weigh作谓语，文章主时态为一般现在时，主语they是复数，故填weigh【5题详解】考查连词句意帕森斯认为，只有饥饿的猫才会试图抓住大老鼠，除非这些大老鼠生病或受伤了根据语境可知，空处引导条件状语用unless“除非”符合语境，故填unless【6题详解】考查非谓语动词句意他说，在研究小组的研究期间被杀死的两只大老鼠可能因为吃了有毒的食物而变得虚弱分析句子可知，kill作定语，修饰rats二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填killed【7题详解】考查非谓语动词句意他的团队发现，当猫在该地区时，大老鼠会花更多的时间躲藏起来，并谨慎地四处走动介词后用动名词作宾语故填hiding【8题详解】［答案］NowadaysmanyyoungmenandwomenfromtheUKareleavingtheircountryinlargenumbersbecausetheywanttoworkabroad.AccordingtotheGuardiannewspaperifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageofthecountryyouareinthenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.ForexamplePeterTatewhomovedtoFrancein1991washiredbyDisneylandParisin

1992.HethoughtthatalackoflanguageskillsisthemainproblemwhentryingtofindworkinEurope.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍说，如今，许多来自英国的年轻男女正在大量离开他们的国家，因为他们想在国外工作根据《卫报》的报道，如果你拥有一项有市场价值的技能，并且能说你所在国家的语言，那么你找工作就没有问题例如，1991年移居法国的彼得•泰特在1992年被巴黎迪斯尼乐园聘用他认为，在欧洲找工作时，缺乏语言技能是主要问题【详解】1要点摘录©AccordingtothelateststatisticsyoungmenandwomenfromtheUKareleavingtheircountryinlargenumbersbecausetheywanttoworkabroad.

（2）Whattheydiscoveredwasthatifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageofthecountryyouareinthenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.

③PeterTatemovedtoFrancein

1991.HedidanumberofdifferentjobsuntilhewasfinallyhiredbyDisneylandParisin

1992.

④AlackoflanguageskillsisthemainproblemwhentryingtofindworkinEurope.2•缜密构思将第1个要点进行总说，将第

2、

3、4三个要点进行分说

3.遣词造句NowadaysmanyyoungmenandwomenfromtheUKareleavingtheircountryinlargenumbersbecausetheywanttoworkabroad.AccordingtotheGuardiannewspaperifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageofthecountryyouareinthenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.ForexamplePeterTatewhomovedtoFrancein1991washiredbyDisneylandParisin

1992.HethoughtthatalackoflanguageskillsisthemainproblemwhentryingtofindworkinEurope.【点睛】［高分句型1］AccordingtotheGuardiannewspaperifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageofthecountryyouareinthenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.（运用让步》犬语从句）［高分句型2］HethoughtthatalackoflanguageskillsisthemainproblemwhentryingtofindworkinEurope.（用that引导宾语从句）V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..这场失利暴露出这支全新队伍的不足之处（expose）（汉译英）【答案】Thelossinthismatchexposedtheshortcomingsofthisnewteam.【解析】【详解】考查时态，动词和短语根据句意，句子用一般过去时，主语“这场失利”可译为thelossinthismatch根据提示谓语动词用expose“暴露”，宾语“这支全新队伍的不足之处”译为theshortcomingsofthisnewteam故答案为Thelossinthismatchexposedtheshortcomingsofthisnewteam..这个区域有9个大小不

一、形态各异的湖泊（vary）（汉译英）【答案】Thereareninelakesinthisareawhichvaryinsizeandshape.【解析】【详解】考查时态，动词，从句和短语根据句意，用一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，用therebe句型真正的主语“九个湖泊”译为ninelakes“这个地区”作状语，用介词短语inthisarea“大小不

一、形态各异的“修饰lakes作定语，用从句，lakes在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which“大小不一，形态各异”译为varyinsizeandshape结合主谓一致，故答案为Thereareninelakesinthisareawhichvaryinsizeandshape..正当我因为出差无人照顾家中小猫而一筹莫展时，邻居主动伸出了援助之手（offer）（汉译英）【答案】WhenIwasworriedthatnoonecouldtakecareofmykittenwhileIwasawayonabusinesstripmyneighborofferedahelpinghand.【解析】【详解】考查时态，从句和短语根据句意用一般过去时，“正当我因为出差无人照顾家中小猫而一筹莫展时”是时间状语从句，用when引导从句，“我一筹莫展”译为Iwasworried“无人照顾家中小猫”作宾语用宾语从句，译为noonecouldtakecareofmykitten“出差”用while引导时间状语从句，译为whileIwasawayonabusinesstrip句子主句“邻居主动伸出了援助之手”译为myneighborofferedahelpinghand.注意主谓一致，故答案为WhenIwasworriedthatnoonecouldtakecareofmykittenwhileIwasawayonabusinesstripmyneighborofferedahelpinghand..那篇小学生作文之所以得到人们的共鸣，就是因为它指出了我们对日常生活的漫不经心（Thereason）（汉译英）【答案】Thereasonwhypeopleidentifywiththisprimaryschoolstudentscompositionisthatitpointsoutourcasualattitudetowardsdailylife.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“之所以……是因为……”使用固定句型why…isthat…why...isthat...why引导定语从句，修饰名词reasonthat引导表语从句，“与产生共鸣”使用动词短语identifywith…，“那篇小学生作文”译为thisprimaryschoolstudentscomposition“指出”使用动词短语pointout“我们对日常生活的漫不经心ourcasualattitudetowardsdailylife故翻译为Thereasonwhypeopleidentifywiththisprimaryschoolstudentscompositionisthatitpointsoutourcasualattitudetowardsdailylife.VI.GuidedWriting

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报正在进行主题为“如何应对压力”征文，你有意参加，写一篇短文，内容须包括1）你对如何应对压力的建议；2）用具体的事例说明这一建议的有效性［答案】Psychologisttellusthatstressisastateofworrycausedbytheprobleminlifesuchastoomuchworkorstudyheavyresponsibilitiesandquickenedpaceoflife.Ithinktherearelotsofthingswecandotosolvetheseproblems.Asweknowmusicisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.Ithinkitshelpfultolistentosomemusicwhenweareundertoomuchpressure.Itwillmakeusforgetallourproblemsandrecallsomegoodmemories.Orwecouldreadsomejokesandaburstoflaughterhelpsalot.Besidesdoingsportsisanothergreatwaytodealwiththeproblems.Itsnotonlygoodforourhealthbutalsoourmood.Havingworkedoutwewillfeelverytiredphysicallywhichhelpsustofallfastasleepandhaveagoodsleep.WhenIfailedthelastexaminJuniorschoolstressbegantomount.Iwasinlowspiritsandcouldntconcentrate.Luckilyoneweekendmybestfriendpulledmetothewoodwherewehikedandjoggedforthewholemorning.SweatingthoroughlyandmountainsofloadgoneIfeltconfidentaboutmyentranceexam.Lastwecantalkaboutourproblemswithourteachersorbestfriendswhomayhelpustogetoverit.Inawordeverythingdependsonourattitude.ItisimportanttostayhappyallthetimeisntitThemoremeaningfulthingswedothehappierwewillbe.【解析】【导语本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生写一篇短文给校英语报进行的主题为“如何应对压力”的征文比赛投稿内容须包括1）对如何应对压力的建议；2）用具体的事例说明这一建议的有效性【详解】

1.词汇积累压力stress—pressure止匕夕卜besides一whatsmore/furthermore/additionally情绪低落的down-depressed/inlowspirits增长increase—accumulate/mount

2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句Besidesdoingsportsisanothergreatwaytodealwiththeproblems.Ifsnotonlygoodforourhealthbutalsoourmood.拓展句Besidesdoingsportsisanothergreatwaytodealwiththeproblemswhichisnotonlygoodforourhealthbutalsoourmood.【点睛】【高分句型1]SweatingthoroughlyandmountainsofloadgoneIfeltconfidentaboutmyentranceexam.（运用了现在分词和独立主格结构作状语）【高分句型2]Havingworkedoutwewillfeelverytiredphysicallywhichhelpsustofallfastasleepandhaveagoodsleep.（运用了现在分词作状语及which引导的非限制性定语从句）考查宾语从句句意这意味着它们不太可能被人看到，这可以解释为什么大多数人错误地认为猫擅长杀老鼠分析句子可知，explain后接宾语从句，空处填从属连词引导宾语从句，根据句意，this指代上文内容，是下文的原因，故用why为什么；……的原因”引导从句，故填why【9题详解】考查动词语态句意一些猫主人可能相信他们的宠物是优秀的捕鼠者Convince是谓语动词，与主语catowners是被动关系，句子用被动语态，情态动词can后接bedone构成被动语态，故填beconvinced【10题详解】考查介词句意但帕森斯发现，许多人把老鼠误认为大老鼠mistake.・.for.・.“把……误认为”，是固定短语，故填forSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.contributorsB.describingC.distinctD.favoritesE.invitationsF.limitsG.nameH.pleasurableLrecallJ.unexploredK.usefulTheuniquejoyoflearningnewwordsWithallthafshappeninginthenewslifecanfeellikeanexerciseindeterminingtheparticularkindofbadweareexperiencing.AreweanxiousordepressedLonelyorstressedTimLomasaseniorlecturerinpositivepsychologyattheUniversityofEastLondonisengagedintheoppositeeffort:analyzingallthetypesofwell-beingthathecanfind.SpecificallyLomasisseekingtouncoverpsychologicalinsightsbycollectinguntranslatablewordsthatdescribe11feelingswedonthavetermsfbrinEnglish.ItsalmostlikeeachoneisawindowontoanewlandscapeLomassays.Sofarwiththehelpofmany12hehascollectednearly1000inwhathecallsapositivelexicography（词典学）Peoplearefascinatedwithuntranslatablewordsinpartbecausetheyare13:HowelsecouldwetalktoeachotherabouttheguiltypleasureofschadenfreudeButLomasalsoseesthemasameansofshowingusnewpossibilitiesfbrwaysoflivingJdescribingthemas14forpeopletoexperiencehappyphenomenathatmaypreviouslyhavebeenhiddenfromthem”ortotakedelightinfeelingstheycouldntpreviously

15.ConsidertheJapaneseohanamiawordforgatheringwithotherstoappreciatelowers.Linguists（语言学家）havelongarguedabouthowmuchthelanguagewespeak-partlydeterminedbyfactorslikegeographyandclimate-16thethoughtswearecapableofhavingortheactionswecantake.Theworldsinwhichdifferentsocietiesliveare17worldsnotmerelythesameworldwithdifferentlabelsattachedJwrotethetheoristEdwardSapir.StudyingthewordsinLomascollectionattheleastisameansofreflectingonwaysthatwecanfeelgood.Whenaskedforoneofhis18thepsychologistliststheGermanFemwehwhichdescribesalongingtotraveltodistantlandsakindofhomesicknessforthe

19.AlsodelightfulistheDanishmorgenfrisk20thesatisfactiononegetsfromagoodnightssleepandtheLatinotiumhighlightingthejoyofbeingincontrolofonesowntime.【答案】

11.H

12.A

13.K

14.E

15.G

16.F

17.C

18.D

19.J

20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要讲了一些不可翻译的词汇在使用中所传递出来的意想不到的的感情效果比如带给人们的意外快乐【11题详解】考查形容词句意具体来说，洛马斯正在寻找通过收集未翻译的词汇来揭示心理学的洞察力，这些词汇描述了我们在英语中没有专门术语来描述的愉悦感觉分析句子可知，修饰名词feelings用形容词，根据上文uanalyzingallthetypesofwell-beingthathecanfind^可知，此处说的是愉快的感觉，pleasurable令人快乐的；愉快的”形容词，符合句意，作定语故选H【12题详解】考查名词句意到目前为止，在许多贡献者的帮助下，他在他所谓的“积极词典编纂”中积累了近1000个词分析句子可知，many修饰可数名词复数，由thehelpof可知，contributors“贡献者”符合语境故选Ao【13题详解】考查形容词句意人们对不可翻译的词着迷，部分原因是它们很有用are是系动词，接形容词作表语根据下文“Howelsecouldwetalktoeachotherabouttheguiltypleasureofschadenfreude”可知，这些词是有用的，useful“有用的”符合语境故选K【14题详解】考查固定短语句意但洛马斯也把它们看作是向我们展示“生活方式的新可能性”的一种方式，把它们描述为邀请人们去体验可能之前“对他们隐藏起来的”快乐现象，或者陶醉在他们以前无法命名的感觉中As后接名词作宾语，根据下文forpeopletoexperiencehappyphenomena可知，此处表示邀请人们去体验，invitations“邀请”符合语境故选E【15题详解】考查动词句意但洛马斯也把它们看作是向我们展示“生活方式的新可能性”的一种方式，把它们描述为邀请人们去体验可能之前“对他们隐藏起来的”快乐现象，或者陶醉在他们以前无法命名的感觉中根据空格前的情态动词couldnt可知空格处填动词原形，根据前文“untranslatedwordsthatdescribepleasurablefeelingswedon^havean3forinEnglish.”可知此处指的是前面没有专业术语描述的感觉，即没有命名的感觉，G选项name作为动词讲时，意思是“命名，任命；指定”符合语境，故选G【16题详解】考查动词句意长期以来，语言学家一直在争论，我们所说的语言在多大程度上限制了我们的思维能力或我们可以采取的行动，我们所说的语言部分是由地理和气候等因素决定的根据空格所在的部分“wespeak-partlydeterminedbyfactorslikegeographyandclimaten可知，此处指我们所说的语言部分是由地理和气候等因素决定的，因此限制了我们的思维或行为能力，howmuch引导宾语从句，主语thelanguage第三人称单数，空处是谓语动词，文章主时态是一般现在时，故用第三人称单数形式limits故选F【17题详解】考查形容词句意不同社会生活的世界是截然不同的世界，而不仅仅是贴着不同标签的同一个世界」理论家爱德华•萨皮尔写道分析句子可知，修饰名称worlds用形容词作定语，根据下文notmerelythesameworldwithdifferentlabelsattachedn可知，此处说的是不同的世界，distinct“不同的”形容词，符合语境故选C【18题详解】考查名词句意当被问及他最喜欢的作品时，这位心理学家列出了德国的Fernweh它描述了一种对遥远国度的渴望，一种对未被探索的地方的乡愁空格前是hisoneof后接名词复数作宾语，根据下文“liststheGermanFemwehv可知，此处说的是最喜欢的作品，favourite作为名词，指“最喜欢的人或物”符合语境，且用复数故选D【19题详解】考查形容词句意当被问及他最喜欢的作品时，这位心理学家列出了德国的Fernweh它描述了一种对遥远国度的渴望，一种对未被探索的地方的乡愁根据上文“alongingtotraveltodistantlands”可知，遥远的国度与被探索的地方呼应，unexplored作为形容词，表示“未被探索的，与定冠词连用表示“未被探索的东西”符合语境，故选J【20题详解】考查非谓语动词句意:同样令人愉快的还有丹麦语morgenfrisk描述的是一个人从一夜好眠中得到的满足感；还有拉丁语otium强调掌控自己时间的乐趣分析句子结构可知thesatisfactiononegetsfromagoodnightssleep”是morgenfrisk描述的内容，describe作为动词表示“描述”符合语境分析句子可知作定语修饰morgenfrisk二者之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式故选BHI.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedABCandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mostformsofconventionaladvertising-printradioandbroadcasttelevision-havebeenlosinggroundtoonlineadsforyears;onlybillboardsdatingbacktothe1800sandTVadsareholdingtheirown.Suchout-of-homeadvertisingasitisknownisexpectedto21by

3.4%in2022anddigitalout-of-homeDOOHadvertisingwhichincludestheLCDscreensfoundinairportsandshoppingmallsby16%.Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphonesandcannotbeskippedor

22.unlikeadsonline.Billboardownersarealso23thelocationdatathatarepouringoffpeoplessmartphones.Informationabouttheirowners9locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.Theythenusethesedatatoworkoutwhendifferentgroups一businesstravellers，say-walkbytheirads.That24isaddedtoinsightsintotrafficweatherandotherexternaldatatoproducehighlyrelevantads.DOOH25candeliveradsforcoffeewhenitiscoldandiceddrinkswhenitiswarm.Such26worksparticularlywellwhenitisaccompaniedbyprogrammatic“advertisingmethodsatermthatdescribestheuseofdatatoautomateandimproveads.InthepastyearbillboardownerssuchasClearChannelandjcDecauxhave27programmaticplatformswhichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselectpurchaseandplaceadsinminutesratherthandaysorweeks.Itissaidthatoutdooradswillincreasinglybeboughtlikeonlineonesbasedonaudienceandviewsaswellas28Thatispossiblebecausebillboardownersclaimtobeableto29howwelltheiradsareworkingeventhoughno“click-through“ratesareinvolved.Datafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividualadvertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.Advertiserscanestimatehowmanyindividuals30toanadforahandbagthengoontovisitanearbyshoporwebsiteandbuytheproduct.Suchmetricsmakeoutdooradsmore31-drivenautomatedandmeasurablearguesMichaelProvenzanoco-founderofVistarMediaanad-techfirminNewYork.Howevertheoutdoor-adrevolutionisnot32-free.Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacyconcerns.And33oftheonline-adbusinessforbeingvagueandoccasionallydishonestmayalsobetargetedattheOOHbusinessasitbecomesbiggerandmorecomplex.Theindustryisreadyto34suchconcernssaysJean-ChristopheContichiefexecutiveofVIOOHamedia-buyingplatform.Oneofthe35offollowingtheonline-adpioneershenotesislearningfromtheirmistakes.机场和购物中心的液晶显示屏，将增长16%A.shrink缩小，减少；B.grow增长；C.disappear消失；D.emerge出现根据下文“Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphones（这样的广告吸引了手机观众的注意力）”及下文内容可知，户外广告预计在2022年将增长

3.4%故选B【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意与在线广告不同，这类广告吸引观众注意，无法跳过或屏蔽A.obtained获得;B.blocked遮住；C.separated分离；D.arranged安排此处与“skipped”意义一致，结合句意及“unlikeadsonline可知，户外广告无法被屏蔽故选B[23题详解】考查动词短语辨析句意广告牌公司也在利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据A.makingprogressin在方面进步;B.gettingengagedin从事;C・becomingpartof成为员;D.takingadvantageof利用o根据下——句Informationabouttheirowners5locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.（有关手机用户的行踪和在线浏览的信息被收集起来并出售给媒体所有者）”可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据故选Do【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意把这些信息添加到对交通、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，就可以生成高度相关的广告A.value价值；B.record记录；C.knowledge知识，信息；D.feeling感觉根据上文“Theythenusethesedatatoworkoutwhendifferentgroups一businesstravellers9say-walkbytheirads.（然后它们利用这些数据计算出不同的人口群体——比如‘商务旅客——何时经过它们的广告牌）”可知，此处指上文提到的利用数据计算出的“信息（knowledge）”故选C[25题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意数字户外广告供应商可以在天气寒冷时播放咖啡广告，在炎热时打出冷饮广告A.opponents对手；B.providers供应者；C.learners学习者；D.instructors教练，导师结合句意及“deliverads”可知，此处指广告供应商播放广告故选B26题详解】考查动名词词义辨析句意这种定向广告在与“程序化”广告方法结合时尤为有效，“程序化”广告就是利用数据来实现广告的自动化及改进A.adding增加；B.collecting收集；C.targeting目标市场选择；D.producing生产根据上文内容可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的数据再精准投放广告，所以此处指定向广告，故选C【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意过去一年里，ClearChannel和JCDecaux等广告牌公司推出了程序化广告平台，让品牌和媒体买家按分钟选择、购买和投放广告，而不是按天或按周A.changed改变；B.forbidden禁止;C.cleared清理；D.launched发起，发行根据“whichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselectpurchaseandplaceadsinminutesratherthandaysorweeks可知，此处指推出程序化广告平台，launch符合语境，故选Do【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意据说户外广告会越来越像网络广告那样，根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买A.marketing市场；B.evolution进化；C.location位置；D.branding品牌根据上文“Billboardownersarealso—3—thelocationdata”可知，广告牌公司利用收集用户的位置信息，所以户外广告会根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买，故选C【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意这是可能的，因为广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，即使没有“点击率”A.measure测量；B.wonder想知道；C.notice注意到；D.forget忘记根据下一句uDatafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividualadvertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.（数据机构能告诉广告商一天的特定时间路过某广告的人数）”及下文提到可以估计购买产品的人数可知，此处指广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，下文中的“measurable”也是提示故选A【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意广告商可以估计接触一款手提包广告，然后走进附近的商店（或网站）并购买该产品的人数A.devoted致力于;B.opposed反对;C.related使有联系；D.exposed接触根据上下文及“thengoontovisitanearbyshop（orwebsite）andbuytheproductv可知，此处指接触到广告，然后去购买，故选Do【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意纽约广告技术公VistarMedia联合创始人MichaelProvenzano认为，这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性、自动化和可衡量性A.concept概念;B.data数据;C.customer顾客;D.research研究上文讲述用数据测量出广告的效果，所以此处指这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性，故选B【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意然而，户外广告革命并非没有问题A.stress压力；B.conflict冲突；C.injury伤，损害；D.problem问题根据下一句Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacyconcerns.（移动电话数据的收集引发对隐私的担忧）”可知，户外广告革命并非没有问题，故选D【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评，也可能会针对户外业务因为它变得越来越大，越来越复杂A.aspects方面；B.demands需求；C.criticisms批评；D.details细节根据theonline-adbusinessforbeingvagueandoccasionallydishonestv可知，此处指“对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评”，故选C【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意一家媒体购买平台VIOOH首席执行官Jean-ChristopheConti表示，业界已准备好解决这些问题A.address设法解决；B.share分享；C.reflect反映；D.emphasize强调上文描述了户外广告问题，此处是指业界准备好解决这些问题，故选A【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意他指出，追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一就是从他们的错误中吸取教训A.benefits好处；B.difficulties困难；C.challenges挑战；D.conditions条件根据“learningfromtheirmistakesv可知，此处指追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一，故选A。