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2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时TOO分钟第1卷1至10页，第n卷11至12页答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.本卷共55小题，共95分第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项例Standoverthereyoullbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B一Iguessyouwanttogoplaytennis.一.ThatsexactlywhatIwasthinkingtoo.A.IdidntgetitB.ItsuptoyouC.YouneverknowD.YoureadmymindtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriagebutIcouldntmanageit.A.hadhopedB.amhopingC.havehopedD.wouldhope
3.Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanwhoarenot.tippingpoint（临界点），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.WhathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebsThelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.hasawidefoodchoicecaneasilyfindnewpreystickstoonepreyspeciescanquicklymovetoanotherplaceWhatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydeclineThepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalanceBygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.DWouldyouBETonthefutureofthismanHeis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioningandhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotiveshedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantesandthebookwasDon（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdayswhileothersgotoseedlongbeforeWeveallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlifeshalfwaymark.Imnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecantallgetthere.Imtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofusinfactprogressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.Butifwearewillingtoleantheopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan*tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytopleasesomepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasmwecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.Howeverwecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedonestofellowhumanstoworkortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate（视・•等同于）“commitment“withsuch“caring“occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence一whethertheyaredrivingatruckorrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.Theyvelearnedlifesmostvaluablelesson.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.lossoffreedomstimulatesonescreativityageisnotabarriertoachievingonesgoalmiseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfatedisabilitycannotstopamanspursuitofsuccessWhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymeanEndonesstruggleforliberty.Wasteonesenergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.WhatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassageToprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试第n卷注意事项.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上.本卷共6小题，共35分第三部分写作第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题HazeMabrywhohasworkedasaschoolkeeperforthirteenyearswalksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptiesgarbagecanswipesdownbathroomsandmopswetmessesinthehallways.LastFridayafterhearrivedattheschoolinsteadoffindinggarbagetocleanuphefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecardsblowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.Itwashis80th.Ashewalkedthelonghallwaysomepoppedoutoflimetohughim.Theyhandedhimsomanycardsthattheyfilledseverallargeboxes.Touchedbytheirenthusiasticexpressionofaffection.Mabrythankedthemall.TheyrelikemychildrenMabrysaid.Onaregulardaystudentsattheschoolsometimescomeuptohimtosaytheyrenotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomethingthathappenedatbreak.Heknowsmostofthekidsattheschoolbutcantnameeachone.Someofthemmakehimknowthem.LikeFaithwhooftenforgetsherbackpackinthecafeteriaandLucy，whojustwantsahug.“Hewon*tbrag夸耀onhimselfbutitdoesntmatterwhathesdoingorwhereheishewillalwaysstopwhathesdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.Ifachildapproacheshim，hewillpausetogivethatchildhisundividedattention.He*sthemostlovedoneinthisbuildingnsaidLoriGilreathareadingteacher.Mabryworkscirclesaroundallthestudentscleaningupmessesothersdon*twanttotouch.Hedoesntexpectalot.Mabrysaidhehadntplannedtodomuchforhismilestonebirthdaysohewashappythestudentshadpreparedthesurprisecelebration.Overtheweekendheworkedthroughthepilesofhandmadecardsathishouse.Onecardfromastudentstoodouttohim.Itread:“Mr.Hazeyouaremysunshine.”WhatisMabrysdailyworkasaschoolkeepernomorethan5wordsHowdidthestudentscelebrateMabrysbirthdaynomorethan15wordsWhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2probablymean1wordWhyisMabryspresenceattheschoolimportantnomorethan10wordsWhoisthesunshine“inyourlifePleaseexplainnomorethan20words第二节书面表达满分25分假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动活动期间，英方教师Chris将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件:1你喜欢的讲座话题从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一；2选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；3希望从中有何收获注意1词数不少于100;2可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数DearChrisFmLiJimastudentatChenguangHighSchool.此处不能答题Thankyouforyourtime.YoursLiJin2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷英语笔试参考答案第
一、二部分Keyto1-
55.D
2.A
3.B
4.C
5.D
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.C
10.A.B
12.A
13.C
14.D
15.A
16.C
17.D
18.B
19.B
20.AD
22.C
23.A
24.D
25.C
26.B
27.C
28.A
29.D
30.AB
32.A
33.C
34.D
35.D
36.C
37.D
38.D
39.A
40.BB
42.D
43.C
44.D
45.C
46.B
47.C
48.D
49.A
50.D
51.B
52.D
53.C
54.D
55.A第三部分第一节Somepossibleanswers Cleaningtheschoolbuilding.Or:Doingthecleaning.Or:Hecleanstheschoolbuilding.Or:Hedoesthecleaning.Byliningthehallwaysblowingnoisemakerssingingasonghandinghimcardsandhugginghim.Or:Byliningthehallwayswithhandmadecardsblowingnoisemakerssingingasongandhugginghim.Or:Theylinedthehallwaysblewnoisemakerssangasonghandedhimcardsandhuggedhim.Or:Theylinedthehallwayswithhandmadecardsblewnoisemakerssangasongandhuggedhim.
58.Love.Or:Uking.Or:Fondness.Myfather/mother.Becausehe/shelovesmeandencouragesmewhenImfaced/confrontedwithdifficulties.Or:Myteacher.Becausehe/shecaresaboutmeandpreparesmeformyfuturecareer.Or:Myfriend.Becausehe/shebringsmejoy/happinessandgivesmealotofcomfort/help/encouragement.*以上答案仅供参考评分标准第二节
一、评分原则.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次最后综合给分.词数少于100的，从总分中减去2分.评分时，应注意的主要内容为内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面每错误书写3个单词从总分中减去1分，原则上不超过3分重复的不计英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受标点符号错误，将视其对交际的影响程度的情减分.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次
二、内容要点•你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；.选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；.希望从中有何收获
三、各档次的给分范围和要求tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday9schildrenwillneedforthefuture.A.LearnB.LearnedC.LearningD.Havinglearnedalltheproblemsseveraloftheplayersproducedexcellentperformances.A.AccordingtoB.InsteadofC.InadditiontoD.Inspiteof——Mysongotafullscholarshiptohisdreamuniversity!一Wow!WhatshegoingtostudyA.goodforhimB.goforitC.whatacoincidenceD.allthebestWecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadeanonourlivesinmanyways.A.statementB.impactC.impressionD.judgmentAmyaswellasherbrothersawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.A.isgivenB.aregivenC.wasgivenD.weregivenKateheardamansvoiceinthebackgroundbutshecouldntwhathewassaying.A.setasideB.takebackC.makeoutD.keepoffMostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespeciallytohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.A.designedB.designingC.todesignD.beingdesignedTheirchildisatthestageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.whatTheprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccountusemobilephonesinhisclass.A.shouldtheyB.theyshouldC.daretheyD.theydareTomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents9opinionhewantstheirsupport.A.sinceB.onceC.unlessD.afterTheworkerswerenotbetterorganizedotherwisetheythetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplishedB.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplishD.wouldhaveaccomplishedAdogseatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisestablished.A.properlyB.widelyC.originallyD.temporarily第二节完形填空共20小题；每小题
1.5分，满分30分阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenightwhenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9buswhichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosome16station.The17momentwasquicklyfollowedbymentalmath.Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethe18ofthatlittlewalletThecreditcardsthedriverslicensethecashalllosttothebus.TwohourslaterbackatmyhouseIheardaknockonthedoor.Myhusband19itwhileIwasonthephoneinthediningroom.nDoesJenniferlivehere”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusbandshandwasmywalletwithnotapenny
20.SheleftbeforeIcould21makeittothedoortooffermythanks.AftersharingthestoryonlineIheardfromsomeonewho22theladyasErinSmith.Without23Icalledtothankher.Shesaidshe24mywalletonabusseat.She25thatgoingtoastrangershousewasa26movebutshedecidedtotakethechance.nIfIwereinthat27Iwouldwantsomeonetotrytofindmeshesaid.Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmall28butsheactuallywasnttheonlyone.RightafterErin29mywalletonthebusshepostedapictureofmydriverslicensetoanonlineforum（论坛），tryingtosee30anyoneknewme.NosoonerdidsheleavemydoorstepthanIhademailsfromtwowomenwhosekidsgotomysonsnurseryandwhorecognizedmyface.Ivenever31wordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltallbuttheywantedtohelp.IreadthatpeoplearemoredividedthaneverbutthatsnothowthepeopleI32tendtoact.33Ifeelblessedsomeonehadwantedtohelpastranger.Erinhadgone34whatalmost第二部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题
2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D国个选项中，选出最佳选项AHistoryFairCompetitionUnderstandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itisanessentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetitionmakesunderstandinghistoryexcitingengagingandfun!ThisYearsThemeAllparticipantsmustaddresshowcommunicationortransportationtechnologyhaspromotedthequalityoflifeforAmericansthroughouthistory.Tomanypeopletechnologymeanscomputershand-helddevicesorvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.Howevertechnologyisalsotheapplicationofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblemtouchinglivesincountlessways.Individualsorgroupsmayenteroneofthefollowingcategories•Performance•Documentary（纪实作品）•EssayWritingCategoryRequirementsPerformance:Adramaticpresentationofthetopicnomorethan10minuteslong.Ifspecialclothesareusedtheyshouldtrulyrepresentagivenperiod.Documentary Avisualpresentation（suchasavideoslideshoworcomputerproject）nomorethan10minuteslong.Adesktopcomputerscreenprojectorandloudspeakerswillbeavailable.StudentsmustprovidetheirpresentationsonCDsbeforeFridayMarch
23.EssayWriting:Anacademicpaperof2000to2500words.Noillustrations（图解）areallowed.Pleasedonotincludecovers.Alistofreferencesmustbeincluded.ImportantDates
36.AccordingtoParagraph1whatisthemajorgoalofunderstandinghistoryAmongtheitemsprovidedbytheschoolforavisualpresentationare.A.specialclothesandascreenB.adesktopcomputerandaCDC.aprojectorandspecialclothesD.adesktopcomputerandloudspeakersWhatwouldaparticipanthavetodowithanessayof1500wordstomeetthecategoryrequirementA.Includemoreinformationintheessay.C.Provideacoverfortheessay.D.Explainthedetailswithillustrations.WhatwillthecommitteeofteachersdoonFebruary19A.Previewperformancesanddocumentaries.B.Makecommentsonthematerials.C.Improvetheparticipantsfirstdraft.D.Collectasecondproposalfromtheparticipant.BImusthavealwaysknownreadingwasveryimportantbecausethefirstmemoriesIhaveasachilddealwithbooks.TherewasnotonenightthatIdontremembermomreadingmeastorybookbymybedside.Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.Ialwayswantedtoknowwhatmymomwasreading.HearingmomsaynIcantbelievewhatsprintedinthenewspaperthismorningmademewanttograbitoutofherhandsandreaditmyself.Iwantedtobelikemymomandknowallofthethingssheknew.SoIcarriedaroundabookandeachnightjusttobelikeherIwouldpretendtobereading.Thisishoweveryonelearnedtoread.Wewouldstartoffwithsentencesthenparagraphsandthenstories.Itseemedanunendingjourneybutevenasasix-year-oldgirlIrealizedthatknowinghowtoreadcouldopenmanydoors.Whenmomsaid*TheC-A-N-D-Yishiddenonthetopshelf/Iknewwherethecandywas.MyprogressinreadingraisedmycuriosityandIwantedtoknoweverything.IoftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowlysothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsignswepassed.Mostofmyreadingthroughprimarymiddleandhighschoolwasfactualreading.IreadforknowledgeandtomakeAsonmytests.OccasionallyIwouldreadanovelthatwasassignedbutIdidntenjoythistypeofreading.Ilikedfactsthingsthatareconcrete.Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.YetnowthatImgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplexIfindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.ByopeninganovelIcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.IntheseworldsIcanbecomeanyone.Idonthavetowritedownwhathappenedorwhattechniquetheauthorwasusingwhenheorshewrotethis.Ijustreadtorelax.Weretaughttoreadbecauseitsnecessaryformuchofhumanunderstanding.Readingisavitalpartofmylife.Readingsatisfiesmydesiretokeeplearning.AndIvefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.WhydidtheauthorwanttograbthenewspaperoutofmomshandsA.Shewantedmomtoreadthenewstoher.Shewasanxioustoknowwhathadhappened.Shecouldntwaittotearthenewspaperapart.Shecouldnthelpbutstopmomfromreading.AccordingtoParagraph3theauthorsreadingofroadsignsindicatesheruniquewaytolocateherselfhereagernesstodevelopherreadingabilityherefforttoremindmomtoobeytrafficruleshergrowingdesiretoknowtheworldaroundher.WhatwastheauthorsviewonfactualreadingItwouldhelpherupdatetest-takingskills.Itwouldallowmuchroomforfreethinking.Itwouldprovidetrueandobjectiveinformation.Itwouldhelpshapearealisticandseriousattitudetolife.Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawayto.A.exploreafantasylandB.developapassionforleaningC.learnabouttheadultcommunityD.getawayfromaconfusingworldWhatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.TheMagicofReadingB.ThePleasureofReadingC.GrowingUpwithReadingD.ReadingMakesaFullManBImusthavealwaysknownreadingwasveryimportantbecausethefirstmemoriesIhaveasachilddealwithbooks.TherewasnotonenightthatIdontremembermomreadingmeastorybookbymybedside.Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.Ialwayswantedtoknowwhatmymomwasreading.HearingmomsayIcantbelievewhatsprintedinthenewspaperthismorning/1mademewanttograbitoutofherhandsandreaditmyself.Iwantedtobelikemymomandknowallofthethingssheknew.SoIcarriedaroundabookandeachnightjusttobelikeherIwouldpretendtobereading.Thisishoweveryonelearnedtoread.Wewouldstartoffwithsentencesthenparagraphsandthenstories.Itseemedanunendingjourneybutevenasasix-year-oldgirlIrealizedthatknowinghowtoreadcouldopenmanydoors.Whenmomsaid1TheC-A-N-D-YishiddenonthetopshelfnIknewwherethecandywas.MyprogressinreadingraisedmycuriosityandIwantedtoknoweverything.IoftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowlysothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsignswepassed.Mostofmyreadingthroughprimarymiddleandhighschoolwasfactualreading.TreadforknowledgeandtomakeAsonmytests.OccasionallyIwouldreadanovelthatwasassignedbutIdidntenjoythistypeofreading.Ilikedfactsthingsthatareconcrete.Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.YetnowthatImgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplexIfindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.ByopeninganovelIcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.IntheseworldsIcanbecomeanyone.Tdonthavetowritedownwhathappenedorwhattechniquetheauthorwasusingwhenheorshewrotethis.Ijustreadtorelax.We*retaughttoreadbecauseitsnecessaryformuchofhumanunderstanding.Readingisavitalpartofmylife.Readingsatisfiesmydesiretokeeplearning.AndPvefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.
41.WhydidtheauthorwanttograbthenewspaperoutofmomshandsShewantedmomtoreadthenewstoher.Shewasanxioustoknowwhathadhappened.Shecouldntwaittotearthenewspaperapart.Shecouldnthelpbutstopmomfromreading.AccordingtoParagraph3theauthorsreadingofroadsignsindicatesheruniquewaytolocateherselfhereagernesstodevelopherreadingabilityherefforttoremindmomtoobeytrafficruleshergrowingdesiretoknowtheworldaroundher.WhatwastheauthorsviewonfactualreadingItwouldhelpherupdatetest-takingskills.Itwouldallowmuchroomforfreethinking.Itwouldprovidetrueandobjectiveinformation.Itwouldhelpshapearealisticandseriousattitudetolife.Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawayto.exploreafantasylanddevelopapassionforleaninglearnabouttheadultcommunitygetawayfromaconfusingworldWhatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage（）TheMagicofReadingThePleasureofReadingGrowingUpwithReadingReadingMakesaFullManCHowdoesanecosystem（生态系统）workWhatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyareWhyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolvesTofindananswerscientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebsnotingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodelsscientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebsforinstanceconsistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物），thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspeciestheyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspeciesitcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesraretheswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstablewheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960sscientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies-includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheoceanwefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscalewhileonlandwekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskeyscientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheir分值描述2分针对问题作出了正确的回答，内容清晰、完整！同时，语法、单词拼写（含大小写）准确无误，且答题所用词汇数量符合题自要求L5分针对问题作出了正确的回答，内容全面，但答题所用词汇数量超出题目要求的数量较多，或存在个别因粗心或笔误引起的语法或单词拼写（含大小写）错误，对表达含义基本不构成影响1分语法或单词拼写基本准确，但回答内容不够全面，缺乏部分主要信息；或针对问题作出了基本正确的回答，但组织语言过程中存在一至两处明显的语法或单词拼写错误，且错误易引起歧义或误解0分答非所问；回答过手简略或草率，难以理解或者是没有意义的单词堆砌分数档内容语法结构和词汇衔接和连贯整体效果第五档21-25分（很好）覆盖所有内容要点，并有适当发挥应用了较丰富的语法结构和词汇；表达准确、地道；有个别错误，但不影响对写作内容的理解有效使用衔接手段，内容连贯，结构紧凑具备较强的语言运用能力；完全达到了预期的写作目的第四档16-20分（好）覆盖所有内容要点应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求；表达基本准确，些许错误对写作内容的理解影响不大应用了简单的连接成分，全文结构较紧凑达到了预期的写作目的第三档11〜15漏掉一些内容，覆盖部分应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务要求；有一些错误，对写作内应用了简单的连接成分，内容基本连贯基本达到了预期的写作目的分（一般）内容要点容的理解造成了一定影响第二档6-10分（较差）漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，有一些无关内谷语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；错误较多，且在很大程度上影响了对写作内容的理解较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性信息未能清楚地传达给读者第一档1〜5分（差）明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关的内容，可能未理解试题要求语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；错误较多，严重影响了对写作内容的理解缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯基本信息未能传达给读者0分未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清anyonewouldhavedonefindingmyhouseonabitterlycoldnightandforthatIwasextremely
35.
16.A.accessibleB.hiddenC.unknownD.convenient
17.A.face-savingB.brain-washingC.eye-catchingD.heart-stopping
18.A.partsB.contentsC.detailsD.ingredients
19.A.ignoredB.answeredC.examinedD.interrupted
20.A.missingB.returnedC.remainingD.abandoned
21.A.stillB.everC.yetD.even
22.A.selectedB.appointedC.identifiedD.defined
23.A.delayB.alarmC.regretD.invitation
24.A.movedB.placedC.openedD.spotted
25.A.disagreedB.complainedC.calculatedD.recommended
26.A.selflessB.riskyC.slowD.personal
27.A.siteB.directionC.situationD.atmosphere
28.A.crisisB.dangerC.threatD.failure
29.A.gotridofB.madeuseofC.hadcontrolofD.tookpossessionof
30.A.ifB.whereC.howD.when
31.A.recalledB.exchangedC.repeatedD.whispered
32.A.encounterB.followC.consultD.accompany
33.A.GoingawayB.TurningaroundC.LookingbackD.Comingalong
34.A.intoB.againstC.overD.beyond
35.A.longingB.enthusiasticC.concernedD.gratefulJanuary5Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequireasecondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.February5Submitafirstdraftofyouressayperformancescript（居本），ordocumentaryhighlights.February19Acommitteeofteacherswillevaluatematerialsandgiveopinions.Studentsthenhaveanopportunitytoimprovetheirproducts.March9Submitafinaldraftofyouressay.March15PerformanceanddocumentarycommitteepreviewMarch24ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetition700A.M一900A.MParticipantssigninginatthegym1000A.M.—600PM.Competitionandjudges9review700P.M.Awardsceremonyandpicnic。
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