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初中英语语法之名词名词考点一可数名词不可数名词.可数名词
(1)初中学过的名词复数形式不规则变化的有a.child—►childrentooth—teethmouse—micefoot—»-feetleaf—t-leavesb.单复数同形:ChineseJapanesesheepfish(注意:fish的另一种复数形式为fishes)c.man和woman及由它们构成的合成词man-menwoman—womenEnglishman—►EnglishmenFrenchman—Frenchmenpoliceman—^policemenpolicewoman—policewomenpostman—^postmen温馨提示以下名词复数形式虽然是规则变化的,但需要特别记忆German(s)bamboo(s)radio(s)piano(s)potato(es)tomato(es)hero(es)zero(s/es)⑵集体名词a.以单数形式出现,但实为复数如peoplepoliceb.既可作单数也可作复数,视它们在句中的含义而定,如被看作一个整体,就作单数用;如被看作组成该集体的成员,则作复数用如classfamilypublicgovernment
(3)名词修饰名词时,若前面的名词是man和woman变复数时,两个名词同时变为复数形式,如awomandoctorftwowomendoctors;如果是其他名词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变为复数形式,如aboystudent—fiveboystudentso⑷由“数词带连字符+名词+形容词”作定语时,该名词用单数形式,如aten-week-oldbaby
02.不可数名词没有单、复数形式的变化但若要表示不可数名词的量,通常可用相应的单位词,复数形式常体现在单位词上a.表示个数的单位词,如pieceapieceofmeat/paper/cake/bread/music/advice/newsb.以形状表示个数的单位词,如drop构成adropofwater/oilc.表示容积的单位词,如bottlebowlspoonglasscup构成abottleofjuiceabowlofriceaspoonofsugaraglassofwateracupofcoffeeod.表示度量单位的词如kilopound构成akilo/poundofmeat3兼作可数和不可数的名词这类名词需在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数如glass(玻璃)-aglass(玻璃杯)chicken(鸡肉)—*achicken(小鸡)orange(橙汁)一anorange(橙子)experience(经验尸anexperience(经历)surprise(惊奇Lasurprise(令人惊奇的事)room(空间)—aroom(房间).可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词修饰可数名词:基数词如one不定冠词aanmanyseveralfewafewanumberof修饰不可数名词:muchlittlealittle既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词somealotoflotsofenoughplentyof.对可数名词及不可数名词的数量提问时使用的疑问词a.对可数名词的量提问时用howmany0b.对不可数名词的量提问时用howmuch0【考例链接】I.单项选择
1.Hurryup!Someandareonsaleinthesupermarket.tomato;eggtomatoes;eggtomatoes;eggstomato;eggs
2.一Look!Theyare.一Yes.Weareproudofthem.manscientistwomenscientistswomanscientistsmanscientists
3.—WhatelsedoweneedtomakecoldbeefTwospoonssaltTwospoonsofsaltsTwospoonsofsalt
4.Janeisverythirstysosheneedssome.waterbreadC.cakesD.rice
5.TmnothungryatallbecauseIhavejusthadmuch.breadpearseggs
6.Weshouldbrushoureveryday.toothteethhand
7.Thethreeupstairsaretoosmalltohaveenoughforadoublebed.roomroomroomroomsroomsroomroomsrooms
8.—Jasonpocketmoneydoesyourmothergiveyoueverymonth—100yuan.howmanyhowmuchhowoftenhowlongII.写出所缺单词.The(发明)oftheInternethaschangedtheworldgreatly..Theoldcouplehavetwosonsandbothofthemare(邮递员)..Nomatterwhattimewearegettingthrough(英雄)arealwaysaroundus.nautumnquiteafew(树叶)turnyellowandfalloffthetrees..Therewillbeabigp(聚会)fortheschool-leaversthisevening..BecauseoftheCOVID-19onlyafew(市场)wereopeninourcitylastspring..Tims(家人)arewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow..Momboughttwo(公斤)ofeggsandsomemilkinthesupermarket..Mr.Smithhasa(n)(五岁的)daughter.Helovesherverymuch..MyauntisanEnglishteacherwhohaslotsofteaching(经验).考点二名词词义辨析解题关键通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义【考例链接】单项选择()
1.Forhisson*sbirthdayStevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa.tasktreatchoicevisit()
2.OneofthebookismissingsoIcantlearnthewholestory.copypagewriterreader()
3.Youcanseetheinourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.doubtprideregretability考点三名词所有格.构成单数名词、人名和不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格通常在词尾加s;以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾加’.用法
(1)表示“某人的,如TomSo
(2)表示两者共同拥有,只在第二个名词后加s即可;表示两者各自拥有,则每个名词后都加So
(3)时间、距离、价格、国家、城市等名词作定语,如lastmonthstripahundredmetersdistancefivedollarsfoodChinasdevelopmentBeijingshutongso.与f短语的关系1有时s所有格和of短语可以互换使用,如thehouse*sdoor=thedoorofthehouseo2有时两者不能互换使用,如men,sshoes=shoesformenchildrensstories=storiesforchildren0【考例链接】I.单项选择
1.IfIleavemyhouseat9oclockanddrivetotheairportIIIarriveatabout
11.Soifsabouttwodrivefrommyhousetotheairport.hourshourshours
2.roomlooksveryclean.BobandDavesBobsandDavesBobsandDaveII.写出所缺单词或短语.These艺术家designwonaninternationalaward..这个女孩的声音soundssweet..Therearedifferentkindsof女式毛衣inthisclothesstore.参考答案考点一I.1-5CBCAA6-8BCBII.
1.invention
2.postmen
3.heroes
4.leaves
5.party
6.markets
7.family
8.kilos
9.five-year-old
10.experience考点二1-3BBB考点三I.1-2AAII.
1.artistsThegirlsvoice/Thevoiceofthegirlwomenssweaters/sweatersforwomen。