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ILGrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanksuseonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ItsOKNottoBeOKEverynowandthenyouareprobablytoldnottogiveupwhenthingsgetdifficult.ButatwhatpointcanwefeelthatitsOKtogiveupSometimesgivingupcanbeathoughtfulandbravedecision.Ifyoufeellikeyouhavetheweightoftheworldonyourshouldersanditisholding21downfindawaytotakeabreak22rememberthatyoucanalwaysgiveupwhenyouhityourlimitandstartoverwhenyoufeelreadyagain.SimoneBileswitha23combinetotalof32OlympicandWorldChampionshipmedalsgotacaseofthetwistiesattheOlympicsinTokyolastyear.Thismeansthatwhendoingflips空翻ortwiststheworldsgreatestgymnasthadahardtimefiguringout24thegroundwas.Soshetoldtheworldshewasntgoingtocompete25sheknewherlimits.Ifshehadpushedherselfatallcostsshemighthaveendedupwithalifelonginjury.Insteadsheknewwhen26tellpeopleshewasntOK.Asafour-timeGrandSlamwinnerattheageof23theJapanesetennisplayerNaomiOsaka27dropoutofthe2021FrenchOpen.Sheannouncedthatsheneededabreak28thespotlighttoworkonhermentalhealth.InaTIMEmagazineinterviewbeforetheOlympicsshesaid“Idohopethatpeople29relateandunderstanditsOKtonotbeOKandifsOKtotalkaboutit.Therearepeople30experiencesareinspiringandthereisusuallylightattheendofanytunnel79SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.justifyB.trendC.theoryD.restrictedE.diversifyingF.obviouslyG.termedH.climateLsuddenlyJ.seekingK.evidentTheLipstickEffectIn2020theworldwasplungedintoaneconomicdownturnastheCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses.Underthesecircumstancesmillionsofpeople31foundthemselvesfacingfinancialinsecurity.Duringsuchtimesofeconomichardshiponemaynaturallyexpectthatconsumermarketswillseeadeclineinexpenditureaspeopleeverywherefeel32一tomakingonly“essential“purchases.Howeveracuriousphenomenonknownasthe“lipstickeffect”canoftenbeobserved.Thelipstickeffectreferstothephenomenonofconsumersspendingonsmallluxurygoods.在古代,二十四节气the24solarterms指导农民预测冷暖,春种秋收,如今其魅力依然如故as…as汉译英VLGuidedWriting.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学学生李华,你校英语广播站计划在每周五中午开设名为“TalkandTalk”的栏目,目前正在招募主持人请给广播站负责人Mr.Li写一封信,应聘这一岗位信中需包含以下内容1应聘的理由;2专栏内容的策划evenwhenaneconomicdepressionoccurs.Thisphenomenonwas33thelipstickeffect”in2001byLeonardLauderchairmanofluxurycosmeticcompanyEsteeLauder.Hehadnotonlywitnessedthephenomenonatworkbutalsorealizedthatitwasespecially34inthecaseoflipstickandothercosmeticproducts.Sohowexactlydoconsumerswhoareshortofcash35makingsuchpurchasesFirstandperhapsmost
36.consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity.Another37hastodowithlabourmarkets.Specificallyduringtheeconomicdepressionjobseekingtendstobecomemorecompetitive.Thuspeople38employmentmayperceiveaneedtospendmoneyoncertainproductstoimprovetheirphysicalappearance.Byusingproductssuchaslipsticktheymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews.Whateverthecausesofthelipstickeffectthisphenomenonisnoshort-lived39Duringtheglobaldepressionof2007-2009salesofcosmeticintheUnitedStatesincreasedbyaround5%.Basedonsuchdataitseemsthateveninthecurrentinsecureeconomic40theluxurycosmeticsindustryisonethatwillbestickingaround.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedABCandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thehumanmemoryisphenomenallystrong.Italsohasahabitofgettingthingsbadlywrong.AccordingtoJonathanHancockourmemoryexpertfaultymemoriescanbe41revealing.Justlastweek.42mywifeandIwerediscussinghowwedchosenouryoungestsonsname.Ihada43memoryofuswritingoutalistofpossiblenamesbutstoppingafterjustafbwbecausewedspottedonewebothloved.Mywife
44.Inhermemorywedhadamuchlongerlistandgonebackandchosenonefromthemiddleofthelist.Sowedugoutthepieceofpaperwedused-andfoundthatwedactuallydonesomethingcompletely45tochooseNatesname.Memorymistakeshappenonalargerscaletoo.TheMandelaEfTecf9iswhenlotsofpeoplehaveconfidentrecollectionsthatturnouttobe
46.ItwasnamedbyresearcherswhowerediscussingtheirstrongmemoriesofNelsonMandelasdeathinprison-whenheactuallylivedfor23yearsafterhis
47.Thereareplentyofotherexamplesofthisphenomenon.IfyouresurethatyourememberseeingtheMonopolyManwearingaspyglassforinstanceorhearingawickedqueensayMirrormirroronthewallJyouve48ityourselfhedoesntandshesays“Magicmirroronthewall49SowhafsgoingonWellforstartersmemoryoftenworksby50andsimilarbitsofinformationcanoverlapinourbrains.Werealsogoodatfillingintheblankswithdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue.Whafsmorewheneverwerunthroughamemorywemakeitstronger一51anybitsthatwerewrong.Buttheresplentyofgoodnewsheretoo.Everyonemisremembers.Weshouldntbetoohardonourselveswhenwemakemistakes.Thementalassociationsthatsometimesleadto52canalsohelpustofindinformationotherwisedifficulttolocate.Ifyoure53withsomeonesnametrythinkingofthingsyouassociatewiththemand[2:witnessedB.finallyB.separation][3:B.regardingB.trialsB.struggling]seeifyourbraingetsthepushitneeds.Discussingyourmemoriesisgreatmentalexercise.Ithighlightsstrengthsandweaknessesandletsyoulearntipsfromothers.54memoriesoftenbuildsamuchmoreaccuratepicture.Thatwascertainlytrueformywifeandme.Makesuretorememberthatrememberingisacreative55:mind-blowinglypowerfulB.extremelyB.forexampleB.smartB.hesitatedB.subjectiveB.consistentreleaseC.rarelyinadditionC.painfulC.confirmedC.primitiveC.substantialC.imprisonmentC.anticipatedC.insteadC.facilitationC.includingC.factsC.correspondingexchangingComparingA.componentB.phaseC.outcomeD.processSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunflnishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AArare765-year-oldgoldcoinfoundonfarmlandinDevoninsouth-westEnglandisexpectedtosellforuptohalfamillionpoundsatauction.Itisbelievedthatthecoinwasmademorethan750yearsagoduringtheruleoftheEnglishKingHenryIII.Itisoneofonlyeightknowntoexist.FeaturingapictureofKingHenryIIIononesideandacrossandrosesontheotherthecoinisaround
2.5centimetresacross.ItwasmadewithgoldthatcamefromnorthAfrica.ItwasfoundinSeptemberlastyearbyadetectoristsomeonewholooksforitemsburiedundergroundusingametaldetectorinHemyockvillage.Thedetectoristhadnoideahowrarethecoinwasuntilhepostedaphotoofitonsocialmediawhereitwasspottedbyahistoryexpert.ThefinderwhodoesntwanttobenamedwastoldtotakethecointotheBritishMuseumwhereitwasconfirmedthatthecoinwasveryrare.Accordingtothelawthefinderisallowedtokeepitbecauseitsasinglecoinandnotpartofabiggerhaulbuthehasdecidedtosellit.HetoldtheBBC“Thecoinwasfoundinanunappealingfieldandcouldquiteeasilyhaveneverbeenrecovered.Nowitisprotectedfbrfuturegenerationstoenjoy.”ThecoinisespeciallyvaluablebecauseitwasoneofEnglandsfirstgoldcoins.ThecountryscoinsweremadeofsilveruntilKingHenryIIIwhoruledfrom1216untilhisdeathin1272introducedgoldoneswithhispictureonthem.ProfessorDavidCarpenteratKingsCollegeLondonhastracedthecoinbacktoamancalledJohndeHidonwhowasthelordofHemyockManor.Carpenterthinksthecoinmayhavefallenoutofsomeonespocket-eitherdeHidonhimselforoneofhisstaff.Thecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedis.
①Thevalueofthecoinwasconfirmed.
②Acoinwasunearthedinthefield.
③ThecoinwasondisplayattheBritishMuseum.
④Thecoinwasintendedforsale.
⑤Thecoincaughttheattentionofahistoryexpert.A.
①③②④B.
②⑤①④D.
④②①③⑤WhichofthefollowingaspectsismentionedaboutthecoinA.Itsexhibition.B.Itssignificance.C.Itspreservation.D.Itsdistribution.Theunderlinedword“haul”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans.A.stolenorillegalthingsB.importedgoodsC.patentedculturalitemsD.hiddenmineralresourcesWhichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthenewsstoryA.HowtoDiscoverHiddenTreasureB.ACoinSoldforMillionsC.HistoryMiraculouslyRepeatsItselfD.TreasureHunterStrikesGoldBTorequestyourfrwguidetogiftsInWinsfillmthsformandreturntoFreepostMEDICALRESEARCHFOUNDATIONYoudontneedastampORvisitNameAddrtnPostcodeEmaiaddressWewouldliketocontactyoufromtimetotimewithourlatestnewsPleaselidhere11ifyouarehappyforu$toccxMactyouviaemaTheMedicalResearchFoundationdoesnotshareyourpersonalinformabon.Youcanunsubscnteatanybme.MediciResearhFoundationsachantyregisteredinEnglandandWaes{RegCharityNo1136223).WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMedicalResearchFoundationItisaUK-basedmedicalcenterforrarediseases.Itisbreakinggroundintacklingantimicrobialresistance.Itisfamousfortrainingnextgenerationsofscientists.ItisasectionoftheMedicalResearchCouncil.IfJennywouldliketobekeptinformedoftheworkoftheMedicalResearchFoundationviaemailsheshould.fillintheformatthebottomscantheQRcodeontherightclicktheprovidedwebsitelinksendanemailtothefoundationThewholepageisdevotedto.advocatingonecharitableagencyintroducingsomebrilliantscientistslaunchinganappealfordonationsraisingawarenessofglobalhealthchallengesChildrenoftenlearnnewlanguagesmoreeasilythanadultsdobutitsunclearwhy.Sometheorizethatgraspingalanguagerequiresabsorbingsubtlepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadultssuperiorconsciousreasoningistoblame.Newresearchsuggeststhatindeedgrown-upsmightjustbetoosmartfortheirowngood.ForarecentstudyintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:GeneralagroupofBelgianadultsatthesametimereadandheardstringsoffourmade-upwords(suchas“kiengniefsiethiem).Specificconsonants(辅音)alwaysappearedatthebeginningorendofawordifthewordcontainedacertainvowel(元音).Participantsnextreadthesequencesaloudquickly.Theirabilitytoavoidmistakesdoingsoindicatedhowwelltheyabsorbedtheconsonant-vowelpatterns.Butbeforeexposuretothenewwordstheparticipantshadcarriedoutaseparatetest:pressingkeystoreacttolettersandnumbers.Somegotamuchfastermorementallydrainingversionofthistest.Thosewhodidthedifficultversionclaimedgreatermentalexhaustionafterward-butperformedbetteronthefollowinglanguagetaskTheresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.ForarelatedpaperintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAtheresearchteamhadEnglish-speakingadultslistentostreamsofsyllables(音节)secretlygroupedintothree-syllable“words.Latertheyplayedpairsofthree-syllableunits;onewordinthepaircamefromthestreamandonewasanewcombination.Theparticipantsguessedwhichwordwasfamiliarthenratedtheirconfidence.Inoneparticipantgroupsomehadfirstdonetheoriginalmentallydrainingtest.Inanothersomehadreceivedmagneticpulsestointerruptactivityinabrainareathatpreviousresearchhaslinkedtoexecutivecontrol.Inbothgroupsthesemeasuresimprovedparticipants9performanceonthesyllabletaskwhentheywereunsureabouttheiranswersindicatingunconsciousanalysisofspeech.NeuroscientistMichaelUllmanwhowasnotinvolvedineitherpaperlikesthatboththestudiesaddedtomentalburdendifferentlyandmeasureddifferentskills.ThafsreallygoodinsciencebecauseyouvegotevidencespointingtothesamedirectionJhesaysaddingthathewouldliketoseehigherlanguageskillssuchasgrammarstudiedthisway.ThereasonwhysomeBelgiansweregivenamoredifficulttestbeforethelanguagetaskwasthat.theywouldhavenotimetopreparefortheupcomingtasktheywouldbetootiredmentallytoconsciouslyanalyzetherulestheycouldhavesomethingtorefertointhefollowingtasktheymightcomparethedifficultylevelofthetwotasksHowdidtheparticipantswhohadreceivedmagneticpulsesdointhesyllabletaskcomparedwiththosewhohadntTheyreliedmoreuponconsciousanalysis.Theyidentifiedmorefamiliarcombinations.Theyperformedthetasklessconfidently.Theywerelessabletocontrolemotions.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelUllmansremarkTheresearchresultisnotsoliduntilgrammarisincluded.Subconsciousmindremainstobeexploredinscience.TheoutcomesofthetworesearchesbackeachotherupMoreevidenceisneededtobacktheclaimofthetwopapers.WhichofthefollowingconclusionswilltheresearchteamagreewithHumanbrainprocesseslanguagesinmultipleways.Consciousanalysisisthekeytomasteringalanguage.Increasingmentalhealthimprovesoneslanguage.Reducingreasoningmayhelptolearnalanguage.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TouchingEmoji(表情符号)DistancingamidtheCOVID-19pandemichasmadebothphysicalandsocialconnectionsatouchmoredifficulttomaintain.ForStanfordUniversitygraduatestudentMillieSalvatobeingapartfromhermotherontheoppositecoasthasprovedchallenging.67Inanewstudysheandhercolleaguesdemonstratedawearablesleevethatcansimulate(模拟)humantouchandconveyabstractsocialmessagessentelectronically.Salvatoandherteammeasuredhow37participantsexpressedsocialinformationindifferentsituations.Ineachtestonepersonworeapressure-sensingdeviceonanarmandanothertouchedittorespondtosituationsinvolvingsixintendedmeanings:attentionseekinggratitudehappinesscalmingloveandsadnessAftercollecting661touchmovements-squeezesstrokesshakespokesandthelike-Salvatoandhercolleaguesmappedthelocationandpressureofeach.68Finallytheyprogrammedawearablesleevetosimulatethesemovementsusingeightembeddeddisksthatshakewhenelectronicallysignaled.“Itdoesntfeellikeanactualhumanhand...butitdoesntfeelliketheseseparatemotionseither“Salvatosaysasonemightexpectfromlargemovingdisks.Itfeelsnicehonestly.”69ForcomparisonapreviousstudyfromGerlingslaboratoryfoundparticipantscouldmatchsituationsfortouchesfromrealhumanhands57percentofthetime.Inthenewstudy“Ithinkitsinterestingthatparticipantscanreliablyunderstandwhattouchhasbeendeliveredtothemataprettyhighrategiventhescarceamountofinformationthattheyhaveavailabletothem^^Gerlingsays.Previousresearchhasfoundthatsocialtouchisimportantforphysicalandmentalhealth.70Onecanthelpbutwonderwhennewtechwillconveyemotionthroughavirtualtouch.Evenwithnotraining30newstudyparticipantscorrectlymatchedthesimulatedtouchestothesixsituations45percentofthetime.SometimesatextorvideocallisnotenoughandpeopleinSalvatossituationoftenlongfbrawaytosendalovingtouchorcomfortingsqueezefromafar.Inthefutureinsteadofjustsendinga3toalovedonebyphoneorcomputeraddinga“touchemoji^^mighthelpusfeeljustalittlebitcloser.Nexttheyusedamachine-learningsoftwaretoselectthemovementsthatweremostreliablypartofeachresponse.“Itsauniqueworkthatlooksathowoursocialtouchisdeliveredandthen...howtoreproduceitJsaysGerlingatouchresearchernotinvolvedinthestudy.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ShouldHandFeedingDolphinsBeEncouragedSometouristcenterstrainIndo-Pacificbottlenosedolphinstoapproachbeachsidepublicsightingareasorboatsbyhand-feedingthemsmallamountsoffisheveryday.Becausehand-fedmalesaggressivelyattackeachotheroverthefoodputtingthemselvesandnearbyhumansindangertouristcentersfocustheirhandfeedingonlyonfemaledolphinssaysValerieSenigagliaatMurdochUniversityinPerthAustraliaButrecentstudieshaveshownthatonly38%ofthecalves崽ofhand-fedwilddolphinssurvivetothreeyearsofagewhichismuchlowerthantheaverage77%survivalrateforwildcalvesingeneral.TobetterunderstandwhySenigagliaandhercolleaguesevaluatedthesocialbehaviorofdolphinsaroundtheBunburycoastinWesternAustralia.Inparticulartheyobservedtheindividualbehaviorandmovementof35dolphinsincluding13thathadbeenhand-fedusingasmallboat.Theyregularlyfollowedeachdolphinforperiodslastingfrom20minutesto3hoursfortwoyearsinarowforatotalof180hours.Theyfoundthathand-feddolphinsswaminrelativelylargegroupsbutmorereadilybrokeawayfromthemtojoindifferentones.Ingeneraltheycreatedweaktieswithothergroupmembers.“YoucanfeellonelyinaroomfullofpeopleanditsthesamethingfbrdolphinsJsaysSenigaglia.Free-swimmingdolphinsthatarefedbyhandbecomelesssociallyinvolvedwiththeirpeers.Asaresulttheircalvesmaygrowuplackingvitalsocialskills-whichcouldexplainatleastinpartwhytheyaretwiceaslikelytodiebeforereachingadulthoodaswildcalvesgenerally.Nowonderanimalrightactivistsarecallingonthepracticeofhand-feedingdolphinstobestopped.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..项目化学习旨在培养学生解决实际问题的能力(mean)(汉译英).有被讨厌的勇气是活得淋漓尽致的第一步(courage)(汉译英).惊叹于中国工人把集装箱变成酒店房间的速度,锦标赛组织者称他们为魔术师(so...)(汉译英)。