还剩5页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2022年成人高考高起点《英语》虚拟语气I概念虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的愿望,意图,建议,惊奇设想等未能实现的情况,以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况H.虚拟语气的特点.虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念.虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成.由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反,因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的,非真实的.虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的同时,虚拟语气受时间的制约,分成以下三种句式1)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气2)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气3)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气在不同时间下,虚拟语气的三种形式,公式官方网站:注10虚拟语气中助动词be一律用were不用was
2.在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,“if+主语+should+V+…+表示可能的假设
1.与现在事实相反IfIhadacarIshouldbeveryhappy.=IshouldbeveryhappyifIhadacarbutIhavenJtacar.IfIwereabirdIcouldfly.=IcouldflyifIwereabirdbutIamnotabirdsoIcantfly.Ihetookhisteacher*sadvicehemightpasstheexam.二Hemightpasstheexamifhetookhisteachersadvicebuthedoesnttakehisteachersadvicesohedoesn,tpasstheexam.Ifitwerenytrainingweshouldgoforapicnic.=Weshouldgoforapicnicifitwerentrainingbutitisraining.题例Ifmyfatherherenowhetellmewhattodo.A.werewouldBwerewillCiswouldDiswillIfIabeeIworkmuchharder.AwerewouldBwereshallChadwillDhaveshouldIf1muchmoney1buyahouse.AhavewillBhadshouldChadwillDhaveshouldHelearnmorequicklyifheharder.AwillworkBwouldworkedCwouldworkDwillworkedIfIyouIdothat.AwaswouldntBwerewouldntCamwontDwerewontKey:AABBB与过去事实相反例1IfIhadknownhertelephonenumberIwouldhavecalledher.IwouldhavecalledherifIhadknownhertelephonenumberbutIdicintknowhertelephonenumbersoIdidntcallher.Ifyouhadcometenminutesearlieryoucouldhavemetthatfamousfilmstar.=Youcouldhavemetthatfamousfilmstarifyouhadcometenminutesearlierbutyoudidntcometenminutesearliersoyoudidn,tseethatfamousfilmstar.IfIhadrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishstudyIshouldhaveworkedmuchharder.二IshouldhaveworkedmuchharderifIhadrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishstudybutIdidntrealizetheimportanceofEnglishstudysoIdidntworkharder.题例:Ifyouthedoctorsadviceyouwouldhaverecognizedalready.A.followedBwouldfollowCfollowDhadfollowedIfmylawyerherelastSaturdayhemefromgoing.AhadbeenwouldhavepreventedBhadbeenwouldpreventCwerewouldpreventDwerewouldhavepreventedIifsheme.AwouldhaveoversleptdidntcallBwouldhaveoverslepthadntcalledCoverslepthadntcalledDwouldoversleptdidntcallIfhehethatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.AwaswarnedwouldnottakeBhadbeenwarnedwouldnothavetakenCwouldbewarnedhadnottakenDwouldhavebeenwarnedhadnottakenShetothepartyifsheinvited.AwouldhavegonehadbeenBwouldgowasCwouldhavegonewasDhasgoneKey:DABBA
3.与将来事实相反例1IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldIwouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.=IwouldtakethecourseofcomputerscienceifIweretobetwentyyearsoldbutIamnottwentyyearsoldsoIwil1nottakethecourseofcomputerscience.IfIdid/shoulddo/weretodothatshewouldfeelverysurprised.=ShewouldfeelverysurprisedifIdid/shoulddo/weretodothatbutIdontdothatsoshewillnotfeelsurprised.IfIfailedIwouldtryagain.=IwouldtryagainifIfailedbutifIdoesntfailIwillnottryagain.题例Itsquiteimpossiblethatitwillrainstillgotothepark.非真实条件句1时态可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况它的根本特点是时态退后同现在事实相反的假设句型条件从句主句一般过去时shouldwould+动词原形Iftheywereheretheywouldhelpyou.表示于过去事实相反的假设句型条件从句主句过去完成时shouldwouldhave+过去分词Ifshehadworkedhardershewou1dhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturdayhewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.IfhehadcomeyesterdayIshould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义HedidnotcomeyesterdaysoIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasseshewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义Hewasillandmissedmanylessonssohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.表示对将来的假想句型条件从句一般过去时were+不定式should+动词原形Ifyousucceededeverythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceedeverythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceedeverythingwouldbeallright.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterdayyouwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwou1dbeverycoldtoday(现在).虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句局部如果含有wereshould或had可将if省略,再把wereshould或had移到从句句首,实行倒装Weretheyherenowtheycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenowtheycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlieryouwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlieryouwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrainthecropswouldbesaved.=Wcreittorainthecropswouldbesaved.注意在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用〃were”不用was即在从句中be用wre代替IfIwereyouIwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他Ifhewerehereeverythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的典型例题todotheworkIshoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有wereshouldhad这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成wereshouldhad+主语的形式但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式如我们可说WereInottodo.而不能说WerentItodo.特殊的虚拟语气词shouldItisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略句型suggestedItis2importantthat…+shoulddoapitysuggestedorderedproposedrequireddemandedrequestedinsisted;+shoulddoimportantnecessarynaturalstrangeapityashamenowonderItissuggestedthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythatheshouldcometoourmeetingtomorrow.2在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中ordersuggestproposerequiredemandrequestinsistcommandinsist+shoulddoIsuggestthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek.Ueinsistedthatheshouldbesentthere.注意如suggestinsist不表示〃建议〃或〃坚持要某人做某事时〃,即它们用于其本意〃暗示、说明〃、〃坚持认为〃时,宾语从句用陈述语气Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错错Youpalefacesuggeststhatyoushouldbeill.对Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.错Iinsistedthatyoushouldbewrong.对Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用_在suggestionproposalideaplanorderadvice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形Myideaisthatweshouldgetmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek.
16.6wish的用法1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望其宾语从句的动词形式为IwishIwereastallasyou.Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.Wishtodo表达法Wishsb/sthtodowishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.
16.7比拟ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示〃只有〃;ifonly那么表示〃如果……就好了Ifonly也可用于陈述语气Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了就好了Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来
16.8ItishightimethatItishightimethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.时间从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词的过去式(be-were)主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+would/could/should/might+havedone与将来事实相反
1.动词的过去式If+主语+
2.weretodo
3.shoulddo主语+would/could/should/niight+动词原形I.与现在事实相反werif+主语+过5过去emightrW式动词wouU式助动词,主语+could+VshouldII.与过去事实相反mighwoulIf+主语+had+过去分词,主语+couShour1+have+过去分词IdrdIII.与将来事实相wererif+主语+过去省助动词werepo+v主语+shoula+v.migirtwobld+VCQUld真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为were)现在时过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had+过去分词)过去时过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形。