2023年高考英语七选五阅读理解题解题技巧

2023年高考英语七选五阅读理解题解题技巧随着高考政策改革的推进，全国各地高考题型都做了一定的改变江苏于2021年开始第一次进入全国卷题型的行列，试卷中出现了七选

五、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写等新题型教师和学生已经习惯了原来的自主命题的考查，虽然对新题型的解题技巧有一定了解，但是在做新题型时仍然觉得有些许挑战从学生平日的练习中可以看到，学生在做七选五题型的阅读时，压力较大，需要从根本上来解决存在的问题，帮助学生提高英语成绩笔者在平时的教学中发现，学生之所以在做此类题时感觉有困难，其实还是因为在阅读理解方面缺乏思辨能力如何提高阅读文本时的思辨能力、提高新题型七选五阅读的解题能力，笔者提出以下几点建议提高阅读文本的思辨能力

一、重视表逻辑衔接关系的词汇和短语，并形成相关的语言图式在平时的教学中，笔者发现，学生主要关注的是新教授的单词、短语以及文本中的长难句分析很少关注语篇的逻辑结构而在训练七选五的阅读题型时，几乎时时刻刻都在强调逻辑衔接关系题目中句子之间、段落之间都会有连词衔接，学生根据句子的关键词结合体现逻辑关系的连词，就是正确解答题目的关键AstudyintohowlazyBritishpeoplearehasfoundmorethanhalfoftheadultsaresolazythattheydcatchtheliftratherthanclimbtwoflightsofstairs.Justover2000peoplewerequizzedbyindependentresearchersinBritainslargesthealthcenter.Theresultswereverysurprising.Aboutoneinsixpeoplewhowereaskedsaidiftheircontrolwasbrokentheywouldcontinuewatchingthesamechannelratherthangetup.Morethanonethirdofthoseaskedsaidtheywouldnotruntocatchabus.Worryinglyzof654respondents（离婚被告）withchildren64%saidtheywereoftentootiredtoplaywiththem.WeknowthatitsnowonderthatoneinsixchildrenintheUKareveryfatbeforetheystartschool.DrSarahDaunceymedicaldirectorofthecentersaid〃Peopleneedtogetfitternotjustfortheirownhealthbutfortheirfamiliesfriendsandpetstoo.〃Ifwedontstarttotakecontrolofthisproblemawholegenerationwillbecometoounfittoperformeventhemostbasictasks.”AndScotlandslargestcityGlasgowwasshamedasthelaziestcityintheUKwith75%askedthinkingtheydonotgetenoughexercisejollowedbyBirminghamandSouthamptonbothwith67%.SotherearesomeproblemsfortheNationalHealthServicewherefatness-related（相关的）illnessessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhavebeenonanincreaseforthepast40yearsandarecostingbillionsofpoundseveryyear.全文翻译你是否习惯于吃冰箱里现成的食物而不是亲自做一顿饭？你是否习惯于网上购物而不是去实体店购物？一项针对英国人到底有多懒的研究发现，超过半数的成年人非常懒，就是去二楼也要乘电梯，而不是爬楼梯英国最大的健康中心的独立研究人员对2000多名英国人做了询问调查调查结果令人惊讶大约1/6的被询问者说，如果他们的遥控器坏掉，他们会继续收看这个频道，而不是起身去换台超过1/3的被询问者说，他们不会跑着去赶公交车令人担忧的是，在654名带着孩子的离婚被告中，64%的人说他们常常太累了无法陪孩子们玩耍我们知道，在英国有1/6的孩子入学前就已经非常胖了，这点也就不足为奇了该中心的医学主管，萨拉・当西博士说到“人们需要变得更加健康，不仅仅是为了他们自己，也是为了他们的家人、朋友以及他们的宠物”〃如果我们不开始控制这样的问题，那么整个一代人将会变得非常不健康，以至于甚至连最基本的事情也无法做好”苏格兰最大城市格拉斯哥，很惭愧地被评为英国最懒城市，有75%的被询问者表示他们没有做足量的运动排在第二位的是伯明翰和南安普顿，两者都有67%（的人认为没有保持足够的运动量）因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑答题第三步根据题干或选项定位词找回原文，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案答题第四步核对答案，反思错题

46.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordquizzedmeanA.questionedB.answeredC.listenedD.heard正确解答A词义猜测题由第四段“Aboutoneinsixpeoplewhowereasked..//中asked可知该健康中心“询问”了2000多人，故选A.此外，A项和B项词义相反，答案很可能出现在A项和B项中，此为“反义多正解”原则

47.0f654respondentswithchildren64%said.定位到第五段最后一句A.theywereoftentoobusytoplaywiththeirchildrenB.theywereoftensotiredthattheycouldntplaywiththeirchildrenC.theywereoftensosadthattheydidntwanttoplaywiththeirchildrenD.theywereoftenillandtheycouldntplaywiththeirchildren错因分析易错选A.易主观臆断，无法陪孩子玩耍就是由于工作太忙正确解答B细节理解题由第五段第二句中的tired可知，大人是因为太累而无法陪孩子玩耍，故选B.

48.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassageA.AIItheadultsintheUKareverylazy.一定位到第二段B.Halfofthechildrenareveryfatbeforetheygotoschool.定位到第六段C.Petswillbeintroubleiftheirownersdontkeephealthy.定位到第七段D.AIIpeopleinGlasgowfeelashamedbecausetheydontgetenoughexercise.定位至U第九段错因分析易错选D.忽略了句中过于绝对化的表述词all.正确解答C细节理解题由第七段后半句可知，如果宠物的主人不能保持健康，宠物也会有麻烦，故选C.由第六段可知是1/6的孩子在上学前很胖，而不是一半孩子，排除B;A、D两项说法太绝对

49.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearniftheykeeplazy.定位到最后一段A.peoplemayhaveheartdiseaseB.peoplecanworkathomeallthetimeC.peoplelikeshoppingonlineD.peopledontlikeclimbingthestairs错因分析易错选D.忽视题干中的Fromthelastparagraph.正确解答A推理判断题由最后一段“＜owherefatness-relatedillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhavebeenonanincreaseforthepast40years...w可知，懒惰所造成的肥胖会引发心脏病和癌症等疾病，故选A.

50.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA.ThehealthserviceintheUK.AstudyofBritishpeopleslifestyles.AstudyofBritishpeopleslaziness.D.ThefatnessproblemintheUK.错因分析易错选D.文中提到了肥胖问题，D项的fatnessproblem会对答案选择造成干扰，但肥胖是懒惰的一种结果，不是文章讨论的主题正确解答C主旨大意题由第二段第一句中的“AstudyintohowlazyBritishpeopleare...H及全文可知选C.答题第五步整理词汇和长难句，并将需要积累的内容整理在学霸笔记本上长难句分析SotherearesomeproblemsfortheNationalHealthServicewhere先行词where引导定语从句fatness-relatedillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhavebeenonanincreaseforthepast40语从句谓语yearsandarecostingofpoundseveryyear.从句谓语因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑句法分析这是一个where引导的定语从句，先行词是problemswhere修饰problems表示“在这些问题中”第二部分阅读理解推理判断易错题解题应对策略推理判断题题干中常有inferpossibleimplyprobable等标志词

1.利用“推理要适度”原则缩小答案范围之所以叫作推理判断题是因为此类题往往是在原文细节的基础上向外推一步而得出的结果，但这“一步”要适度如果往外推得太远就不是文中所要表达的观点了，因此推断时一定做到适度示例Theresearchersfoundthatlevelsofoxytocin（催产素）werehigherinbothhumansanddogsaftertheyinteracted...Nagasawadidthesameexperimentwithhumansandwolvesbutitdidnotgivethesameresults.

55.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthelastsentenceofthetextA.Moreexperimentsareexpectedtohelpwolvesproduceoxytocin.B.Thecuddlechemicalinhumanbloodprotectsusagainstwolves.C.Itmakessensethehumansandwolvesarenaturallybestfriends.D.Itsgenerallyimpossibletohavethebondbetweenhumansandwolves.分析由上文可知，人和狼之间的交流不会使其体内的催产素增多由此可推知，通常情况下，人和狼之间不可能产生亲密的关系，故选D.而其余选项由于推得太远导致偏离文意，甚至出现错误

2.利用“立足原文”原则缩小答案范围做推理判断题首要原则就是要立足于原文的细节，如果推断出的结果在原文中找不到任何依据，那么无论说法多么正确也不能选

3.推理判断题选项特点・第三部分题型专练

（一）Inancienttimestherewasakingwholovedflowers.Hispalacewasalwaysdecoratedwithbeautifulorchids（兰花）andotherflowers.Asthekinggrewolderheknewthatonedayhewouldhavetogiveuphisthrone（王位）.Sohehadtofindsomeonetorulethecountry.Theotherdayzthekinghadanidea.Heaskedhisservantstotraveltoeverypartofthecountryandgiveeverycitizenasingleorchidseed（种子）.Hethenannouncedthatthepersonwhogrewthemostbeautifulorchidwouldtakehisthrone.Everyoneinthecountrythengottheirownseed.OneyoungmannamedDavidwasespeciallyexcitedaboutthenewsbecausehehadexperienceingrowingflowershimself.Davidplantedhisseedinapotandputitinaplacewhereitwouldgetlotsofsunlight.Hewatcheditcarefullyeveryday.Butashardashetriedhisflowersimplywouldnotgrow.Finallyitwastimeforeveryonetogivetheirflowerstotheking.Davidtookhisemptypottothepalace.YourMajesty（尊敬的陛下），IamsorrytosaythatIcouldnotgrowanorchid.ButIhopeyoucanseethatItriedmybest“hesaid.ThekingwasmovedbyDavidshonesty.AlthoughhedidnotchooseDavidasthenewkinghegaveDavidajobasaroyalcourtjudge（法官）.HebelievedthatDavidshonestywouldmakehimtherightpersontomakesurethejustice（公正）inthecountry.AccordingtothekingsorderwhocouldbethenextkingThemanwhowasthesmartest.ThemanwhowasthemosthonestThemanwhocouldplantthebestseed.Themanwhocouldgrowthemostbeautifulorchid.WhatdoweknowaboutDavidA.Hetoldajoketotheking.B.Hefailedtogrowthekingsorchid.C.Hewasgoodatgrowingorchids.D.Hewaschosentobethenextking.例如（2018全国I卷）Overtheyearstherehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere5rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome thesmallonesthemediumonesandthelargeones.答案AoWhileallofthemareuseful解析结合第二段第一句中的“anumberofdifferenttechniques”以及最后一句中的转折词but以及给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示“虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂”故A项符合语境因此在七选五文本材料和选项中的各种体现逻辑关系的词就尤为重要了试卷中常见的一些关键词如下表示因果关系的连词有sothereforethusduetoforthankstoaccountforbecauseowingtoasaresultofasaresult等表示并列关系的连词有andinadditionwhafsmoremoreoverbesidesaswellastogetherwithalongwithfurthermore等表示转折的连词有butyetinsteadhoweverdespiteinspiteofthoughwhileas等Whatdoestheunderlinedword“itreferstoinParagraph4A.Thepot.B.Hisflower.C.Theseed.D.Thesunlight.WhatcanwelearnfromthestoryDavidwastheonlywinnerintheend.ItisstupidofthekingtochooseDavidasajudge.ItisimpoliteofDavidtogiveanemptypottothepalace.Thekingbelievedhonestywasveryimportantforajudge.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassageA.HonestyIstheBestPolicyB.HowtoGrowOrchidsC.FlowersAretheBestGiftsD.It*sVeryEasytoGrowOrchids【文章大意】本文介绍了古代有一个喜欢花的国王并且宣布能种植出最美丽兰花的人将继承王位大卫是一位年轻人，但无论怎么努力，都没有种植出兰花，带着空花瓶去了宫殿国王被大卫的诚实所感动虽然他没有选择大卫作为新国王，但他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为正直的人，以确保国家的正义D【解析】细节理解题根据Hethenannouncedthatthepersonwhogrewthemostbeautifulorchidwouldtakehisthrone.然后他宣布种植最美丽兰花的人将继承王位可知，按照国王的命令，能种出最美丽兰花的人可以成为下一个国王故选DB【解析】细节理解题根据Butashardashetriedhisflowersimplywouldnotgrow.但尽管他努力，他的花还是长不出来可知，他没有种出国王的兰花故选BC【解析】推理判断题句子Hewatcheditcarefullyeveryday.的意思是他每天都仔细观察根据上文的句子Davidplantedhisseedinapotandputitinaplacewhereitwouldgetlotsofsunlight.大卫把种子种在盆里，放在阳光充足的地方可知，句子中的it是指上文中的theseed即国王给的兰花种子故选CoD【解析】推理判断题题干的意思是我们能从这个故事中学到什么？根据hegaveDavidajobasaroyalcourtjudge（法官）.HebelievedthatDavidshonestywouldmakehimtherightpersontomakesurethejustice（公正）inthecountry.他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为一个正直的人，以确保国家的公正可以推出，国王认为诚实对法官来说非常重要故选DA【解析】推理判断题题干的意思是以下哪一个是文章的最佳标题？A.HonestyIstheBestPolicy诚实是最好的为人之道B.HowtoGrowOrchids如何种植兰花C.FlowersAretheBestGifts花是最好的礼物D.ItsVeryEasytoGrowOrchids兰花很容易种植根据短文的内容ThekingwasmovedbyDavidshonesty.AlthoughhedidnotchooseDavidasthenewkinghegaveDavidajobasaroyalcourtjudge（法官’）.HebelievedthatDavidshonestywouldmakehimtherightpersontomakesurethejustice（公正）inthecountry.可矢口大卫是一个非常诚实的人，国王才选择他做皇家法院法官的因此最好的标题应该选择HonestyistheBestPolicy诚实是最好的为人之道故选A

（二）Onedayamansawanoldladysittinginsidehercaratthesideoftheroad.Thoughitwasdarkhecouldseesheneededhelp.Sohestoppedhiscarandwalkedtowardsher.Theoldladywasworriedeventhoughshenoticedthesmileonhisface.WashegoingtohurthernTilhelpyoustartyourcarmadam.BythewaymynameisBryanAndersonhesaid.WhileAndersonwasfittingasparetired（备胎）tohercartheladybegantotalktohim.Shethankedhimmuchforcomingtohelp.Andersonjustsmiledasheputhistoolsaway.Theladyaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.Hetoldherthatifshereallywantedtopayhimbackthenexttimeshesawsomeonewhoneededhelpshecouldgivethemthehelptheyneeded.Hewaiteduntilshestartedhercaranddroveoff.Afewmilesdowntheroadtheladysawasmallrestaurant.Shewentinandawaitresscameoverwithasweetsmile.Theoldladynoticedthewaitresswasnearlyeightmonthspregnant（怀孕的），butsheneverletthepainsandacheschangehersmilewhensheservedher.Theladyfinishedhermealandpaidwithahundred-dollarbill.Thewaitressquicklywenttogetchangebuttheoldladywasgonewhenthewaitresscameback.Thewaitresswonderedwheretheladycouldbe.Thenshefoundtherewasanoteonthenapkin（餐巾），Youdontneedtogivemeanythingback.SomebodyoncehelpedmeoutthewayImhelpingyou.Ifyoureallywanttopaymebackhereiswhatyoudo——donotletthischain（链子）ofloveendwithyou.”Underthenapkinwerefourmore$100bills.WhydidAndersontellhisnametotheoldladyBecausehewantedtocheckiftheladyknewhim.Becausehehopedthatmayhelprelaxthelady.Becausehethoughthecouldbepaidbackoneday.Becausehewantedtoleavehisnamefordoinggoodthings.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyreferto（》旨的是）TheoldladyandAnderson.Thepeoplewhoneedhelp.Theoldladyandthewaitress.Thepeoplewhohelpothers.Whichistherightorderoftheoldladysfeelings

①Thankful

②Happy

③Worried®Helpless

⑤WillingandreadytohelpA.

④③①⑤②B.

④①③②⑤C.

③②①⑤④D.

③①④⑤②Whatcanbeinferred（推断）fromthepassageThemealcosttheoldlady400dollars.Andersonmustbehelpedbysomeonebefore.Theoldladywasabletofitasparetireherself.Thewaitresswillprobablyhelpsomeonelater.WhatsthebesttitleforthepassageTheHelpofStrangersB.ThePowerofSmileC.TheChinaofLoveD.TheBillofKindness【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爱的传递的两个小故事，一个男人看见一个女士陷入了难题，便停车为她解决了这个问题，他对女士说如果想报答我，就去帮助别人吧女士在经过一家餐厅时，看见怀孕的女服务员很辛苦，就偷偷地给了这位服务员一些钱B【解析】推理判断题根据文中的信息Theoldladywasworriedeventhoughshenoticedthesmileonhisface.Washegoingtohurther这位老妇人担心Anderson会伤害她，可推知她可能很紧张，所以Anderson告诉她自己的名字，为的是使这位老妇人放轻松，故答案选BB【解析】词义猜测题根据上文thenexttimeshesawsomeonewhoneededhelp下次她看到有人需要帮助时，结合本句shecouldgivethemthehelptheyneeded.她可以给予他们需要的帮助；由此可知they是指上文提到的那些需要帮助的人，故答案选BA【解析】理解排序题通读全文可知，首先是老妇人的车坏在了路上，她感到很无助（Helpless）；Anderson路过想帮助她，但她担心（Worried）Anderson会伤害她；Anderson告诉她自己的名字，并帮助了她，老妇人想给他钱感谢（Thankful）他；老妇人在一个餐馆里帮助了一个孕妇，（说明她乐于助人Willingandreadytohelp）；最后从老妇人给孕妇留的字条上可以看出，老妇人感到很幸福（Happy）因为她让爱的链条得到了延续结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选AD【解析】理解判断题通读全文可知，Anderson帮助一个年纪大的女士，并告诉他自己不需要感谢，只希望她把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去，然后这位年纪大的女士又帮助了一位孕妇服务员，同样她希望这位孕妇服务员也把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去；由此可推知，这位孕妇服务员以后可能会帮助别人，故答案选DA【解析】标题归纳题根据文中的信息SomebodyoncehelpedmeoutthewayImhelpingyou.Ifyoureallywanttopaymebackhereiswhatyoudo-donotletthischain（链子）ofloveendwithyou.有人也这样帮助了我，你也可以这样做，不要让这条爱之链随着你而结束所以应该是帮助他人，传递爱心结合选项A.TheHelpofStrangers陌生人的帮助;ThePowerofSmile微笑的力量；C.TheChinaofLove爱的中国；D.TheBillofKindness仁慈的比尔；可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A

（三）WhenIwasyoungIlivedinScotlandwithmyparents.Ihadagoodtimethere.OnemorningIrantothegardenandsaidtotheoldScotsmanwhoworkedthere.”TodayIamgoingupthemountainforberries.””NonoMisseynottoday.nhesaiduItwillrain.“Noitwillnotrain.”Isaid“Thesunisup.Thecooksaysitwillbefine.Theglassinthehalldoesnotsayrain.”“Tutstuts.saidtheoldmanIcarefornosunsorcooksorglasses.Thepimpernel（海绿）saysitwillrainandsoitwillrain.FlowersMisseyalwaystellthetruth.Whentheysayraingoandgetyourumbrella.Sureenoughbynoontherainwaspouringdown.AfterthatIlookedwithgreatrespectatthetinyflowersometimesbrickredsometimesbluewhichcouldtellabouttheweather.Butthepimpernelisnottheonlyplantthatisaweatherprophet.IfyougointothegardenandfindtheAfricanmarigoldsshutaftersevenoclockinthemorningyoumaybeprettysurethattherewillbearainyday.Thereisalittlesinglemarigoldwhichshutsupinahurryiftheskybecomesclouded.ItiscalledtheMrainy-marigold”.Mostplantswhichwecall”weatherprophets”shutupforrain.Butsomeplantsopenforrain.Thecauseoftheopeningandclosingisprobablythedifferenceinlight.Mostlikelytheseplantsshuttheirflowersbecausethereistoolittlelight.Butyouknowtherearesomeplantswhichbecomesmallerinastronglightandlovetheshade.Youwillfindthatmostshade-lovingplantsastheverbenasdonotcloseforrain.Liliestulipsandotherflowersthatlovethesunshutforrain.Tulipsarecarefulnottoopentheircupsverywideinthemorningifitislikelytorain.Therosesmakenochange.Theyseemnottofearwet.Onthewholeyoumaybeprettysureifyougointoyourgardenandfindmanyflowers-astulipsmarigoldsandmorningglories-shutitwillbeastormydayunfitforpicnicsorlongwalks.Theplantswhichareweatherprophets”.A.becomesmallerinastronglightB.tellabouttheweatherC.openforrainandfearlightD.loveshadeandwet

37.Youcangooutforapicnicwhen.themorninggloriesandliliesdonotshuttheAfricanmarigoldsshutafter7:00a.m.diepimpernelsopenwideinthedaytimetherosesandtulipsshutinthesunshineWhatdoweknowfromthepassageTheflowershavefourwaystohelppeopletogetinformationaboutweather.Theglassinthehallhasmagicforthewritersfamilytoknowaboutweather.Wecanknowaboutweatherbykeepingmanyrosesathomeorinthegarden.Misseywillprobablyknowaboutweatherbywatchingflowersfromnowon.Thepassageismainlyabout.watchingflowerscarefullybeforegoingoutlearningtowatchflowersfromtheoldScotsmantheimportanceofgrowingflowersinthegardentherelationshipbetweensomeflowersandweather【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了小时候作者和父母住在苏格兰作者还学到了有一些花可以预测天气B【解析】细节理解题根据文中Mostplantswhichwecallnweatherprophets“shutupforrain.Butsomeplantsopenforrain.可知，他们是来告诉天气的故选BA【解析】推理判断题根据文中ifyougointoyourgardenandfindmanyflowers-astulipsmarigoldsandmorningglories-shutitwillbeastormydayunfitforpicnicsorlongwalks.可知，牵牛花和百合花早上不会关闭，说明不下雨故选Ao表示畤间关系的连词有firstlytobeginwithtostartwithfirstofallfinallythenmeanwhile等表示比较的异同的连词有:inthesametimelikewiseonthecontraryincontrastcomparedwithequally等表示结论的连词有inconclusiontosumupallinallinawordinshort等表示举例和解释的连词有，forexampleforinstancelikesuchasthatistosayinotherwordSo表示强调的连词有indeedundoubtedlydefinitely等

二、新题型七选五阅读题的解题技巧一一“代词呼应法则”“大象装冰箱法则”“补充必考原则”

1.“代词呼应法则”口诀如下“空前有新名（词），空中有新代（词）”“空后有新代（词），空中有新名（词）”例如（2019全国卷）Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.答案CoBeinginnaturerefreshesus.解析前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用，空后提至「它给我们一种平和感”该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后D【解析】推理判断题从现在起，米西可能会通过看花了解天气选项D是正确的故选DD【解析】主旨大意题通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了一些花与天气的关系故选D

（四）Iwalkedintoastrangerashepassedbyme.Excuseme.nIsaid.HerepliedwithasmileandsaidPleaseexcusemetoo.Ididntnoticeyou.Weapologized（道歉）andwentforourownways.LaterthatdaywhenIwascookingmydaughterwasstandingtoonear.WhenIturnedtoreachforsomemilkInearlyknockedherover.Moveoutoftheway!”Ishouted.Shewalkedawaysadly.ButIdidntfeellikeIhadtoapologizetoher.WhileIwasinbedthateveningmyhusbandsaidtome.*Whiledealingwithastrangeryouwerepolite.Butwithadaughteryouloveyouwereunkind.Yourdaughterbroughtyousomeflowersthatshepickedherselfthisafternoon.Youwillfindtheminthekitchenbythedoor.HaveyouseenthetearsinhereyesIquietlywentandsatdownbymydaughter7sbed.“HoneyIamsosorry.0Isaid.Arethesetheflowersyoupickedforme”ShesaidIfoundthembythetree.Ipickedthembecausetheyreprettylikeyou.Iknewyoudlikethemespeciallytheblueones.nItearfullyrepliedSweetieImreallysorryforthewayIactedtoday.Ishouldnthaveshoutedatyou.“ItsOK.Iloveyouanyway.HShesaidasshekissedmeonmycheek.IfwecanbepolitetostrangerswhycantwedothesamefortheonesweloveThewriterwastothestrangerwhoshewalkedinto.A.madB.honestC.unkindD.politeWhereweretheywhenthewritershoutedatherdaughterA.Inthekitchen.B.Bythetree.C.Inthebedroom.D.Inthegarden.WhatdidthewritershusbandthinkwhenhesawheractionThelittlegirlshouldntcry.Sheshouldn7tshoutattheirdaughter.Sheshouldntsaysorrytothestranger.Bothheandhiswifeshouldapologizetotheirdaughter.Whatmaybethewriter7sfavoritecoloraccordingtothepassageA.Yellow.B.Pink.C.Blue.D.Red.WhatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthepassageBefriendlytostrangers.Motherslikeflowers.Bekindtolovedones.Lovebetweenparentsandchildren.【文章大意】本文主要讲述作者在撞上陌生人之后赶紧道歉而撞上她的女儿的时候却大声喊叫事后她反思自己，为什么我们能对陌生人有礼貌而不能对自己最爱的人如此呢？D［解析］推理判断题根据Iwalkedintoastrangerashepassedbyme.Excuseme.*Isaid.HerepliedwithasmileandsaidPleaseexcusemetoo.Ididntnoticeyou.MWeapologized（道歉）andwentforourownways.可以推知作者对陌生人是有礼貌故选DA【解析】细节理解题根据LaterthatdaywhenIwascookingmydaughterwasstandingtoonear.刃E天晚些时彳l关，我做饭的时候，我女儿站得太近了可知，作者在厨房里对她女儿大喊大叫故选AB【解析】推理判断题根据WhileIwasinbedthateveningmyhusbandsaidtome.Whiledealingwithastrangeryouwerepolite.Butwithadaughteryouloveyouwereunkind.Yourdaughterbroughtyousomeflowersthatshepickedherselfthisafternoon.Youwillfindtheminthekitchenbythedoor.Haveyouseenthetearsinhereyes”可以推知作者的丈夫看到她的动作时，他认为她不应该对他们的女儿大喊大叫故选BC【解析】细节理解题ShesaidnIfoundthembythetree.Ipickedthembecausetheyreprettylikeyou.Iknewyoudlikethemespeciallytheblueones.H她说“我在树旁看到的我选它们是因为它们很像你我知道你会喜欢的，尤其是蓝色的”可知，作者最喜欢蓝色故选CC【解析】推理判断题根据Ifwecanbepolitetostrangerswhycantwedothesamefortheoneswelove如果我们能对陌生人客气，为什么我们不能对我们所爱的人也这样做呢？可以推知本文最好的题目是善待所爱的人故选C

（五）SmileTrainisacharity（慈善团体）thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworldwhosufferfromafacialdefect（缺陷）.Thedefecthappenswhenababystoplipormouthdoesnztformproperlybeforebirth.Eatinganddrinkingisverydifficultforthesebabies.Thecharityprovidesfreeoperationswhichgivethesechildrenanewsmileandwithitznewhopeandanewbeginning.Childrenwiththedefectneedallthehelp.Althoughmanysufferersareacceptedbytheirfamiliessadlyothersarenot.Insomecountrieschildrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.Thegoodnewsisthattheoperationisnotdifficult.Ittakeslessthananhourandcoststhefamilynothing.Thecharityraisesmoneyandfindstherightmedicalvolunteerstoperformtheoperations.ASmileTraindoctorfromtheUKsaid“Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathomethechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy.EveryyearIperformhundredsofoperationsfreeofcostthroughSmileTrain.SomeofthestoriesIhaveheardarequitesurprising.Onenewbornbabygirlwasfoundabandonedonatrain.Luckilyforhershewasfoundandadopted（4攵养）byapassenger.ThisladythenheardaboutSmileTrainandbroughtthebabytoourhospital.Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily.Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.0SmileTrainisacharitywhich.providesfoodandmedicalcareforpoorchildrenraisesmoneyforallthedoctorsworkingintheUKoffersfreemedicalhelptochildrenwiththefacialdefect.giveschildrenwithoutparentsnewhopeandanewbeginning.TheunderlinedwordabandonedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A.givenupB.dressedupC.calledupD.broughtupWhatdidthedoctorfromtheUKthinkofhisvolunteerworkA.Dangerous.B.Surprising.C.Relaxing.D.Valuable.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.childrenwiththefacialdefectarebecomingmoreashamedthanbeforemoredoctorsaretrainedtohelpchildrenwiththefacialdefectfewerbabyboyswiththefacialdefectareoperatedonthangirlsdoctorsinSmileTrainarealwayswellpaidfordoingtheoperations【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了一个慈善团体一一微笑列车这个组织是帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童的，给他们提供手术，给这些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的开始

27.C【解析】细节理解题根据短文第一段第一句话和最后一句话SmileTrainisacharity（慈善团体）thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworldwhosufferfromafacialdefect（缺陷）...Thecharityprovidesfreeoperationswhichgivethesechildrenanewsmileandwithitnewhopeandanewbeginning.可知，微笑列车是一个慈善团体，它帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童，为他们提供手术由此可知应选Co

28.A【解析】词义猜测题根据单词所在的句子Insomecountrieschildrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.可知，因为父母为这样的孩子感到羞耻或者不能提供手术的费用，这些孩子经常在出生时就被遗弃givenup放弃；dressedup盛装打扮；calledup打电话；broughtup抚养，提出根据文章的语境分析可知应选AoD【解析】推理判断题根据第三段中这个医生所说的话Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathomethechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy...Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily可知，他通过微笑列车做了几百个手术，给了这些孩子第二次生命，让这些孩子快乐的生活，给他们的家人带来了希望由此可知推测，他觉得自己的这份工作是非常有价值的Dangerous危险的；Surprising令人吃惊的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有价值的故应选DoB【解析】推理判断题根据短文的最后Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.可知经验丰富的医生与当地的医生分享技术，确保手术的成功，由此可知B选项”更多的医生被训练去帮助有面部缺陷的孩子们”符合文意，故选B.的it也要指代这种情况C选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意.“大象装冰箱法则”口诀如下段首有空缺，必为引导句段中有空缺，前后意连贯段末有空缺，承上能启下a.段首有空缺，必为引导句例如（2019全国I卷）37Iftheairyou5rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou*reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-givingenergizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoorsyourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeplyallowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.答案AoFreshaircleansourlungs.解析该空格放在段落的句首，为主题句根据空格后下一句“Iftheairyourebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyoureawayfromthesmogof…”以及本段内容可知本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部，A项符合题意b.段中有空缺，前后意连贯例如（2016全国卷）Recall（回忆）yourchildhoodmemories.Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.GrandmasrosegardenandDadsvegetablegardenmightbegoodorbadbutthafsnotwhafsimportant.19—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.答案CoItsourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters解析解本题可用句意判断法空格前说“但那一点不重要”由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，故选C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”本设空类型为过渡句类c.段末有空缺，承上能启下例如:（2013全国卷I卷）Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision（监管）andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.

75.答案AoControlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.解析上文讲了planningdirection这里应该是control.补充必考原则口诀同词必复现，句式必一致同词必复现例如:Planningispartofbeingorganizedtoo.15Calendarslistsandschedulescanhelpyouplan.Youcanbuyordrawacalendarandkeepitnearyourworkplace.答案AoPlanningmeansdecidingwhatyouwilldoandwhenyouwilldoit.解析同词必复现，围绕planning这一关键词句式必一致Forhomestuffbeingorganizedmeanshavingaplacetoputyourthingsandputtingthembackasyougo.14Itmeanskeepingyourschoolbagyourshoesandyourcleanunderwearinthesameplacessoyoualwaysknowwheretofindthem.答案GoItmeanshangingyourcoatupinsteadofdroppingitonthefloororthrowingitonachair.解析句式一致，就像中文里的排比句一样考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力根据上句的说明，有组织性指一切事物都要有序摆放，下面是具体做法，G项内容符合且与下句并列，故选Go［牛刀小试］根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.16Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.17AskkidsuWhatingredients（配料）canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime”andthentrythemout.DidthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetterWhatcouldwetrynexttimeCreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.18Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.InterpersonalSkillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.WeknowwhatsgoingoninsideourownheadbutwhataboutothersBeingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.19“Whydoyouthinkshescrying”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyouhowwouldyoufeel”SelfExpressionTherearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas—musicactingdrawingbuildingphotography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.Andwecantforgetscienceeducation.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.SohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdontyetexistGardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.解析语篇解读本文为说明文，主要讲述了如何培养孩子们最优秀的技能以满足未来新出现的职业需要.空格后面一句话的意思为通过帮助他们培养无论将来怎样都对他们大有帮助的最优秀的技能，所以该空应该是针对方式的提问，故选D项，意思为“所以我们该怎样帮助孩子们为还未出现的工作做准备呢？”.由下文可知此处应该是鼓励孩子和你一起做饭，故选A项.根据上一句可知真正的创造力是利用已有的材料创造出新东西的能力所以该空应该是我们给孩子们机会用新的方式去考虑这些材料，故选C项.空格前一句话是说能读懂人们的想法有助于孩子们避免误解某种状况和得出错误的结论，下文三句话均是为了理解故事人物而提出的三个问题，故选F项.根据下文可知有许多种方法去表达自己的想法和观点所以本空应该是和交流有关，故选G项，意为“能够用一种有效的方式交流是一种有价值的技能”高考英语阅读理解推理判断易错题及应对策略第一部分易错题解题范例答题第一步浏览题干及选项，标注定位词（见题干及选项标线处）答题第二步带着问题通读全文，标注4类词时间、地点、概念等名词（用红色底纹表示），极端词和程度词（用蓝色底纹表示），态度词和语气词（用粉色底纹表示），逻辑词和关系词（用绿色底纹表示）WouldyoueatareadymealfromthefridgeratherthancookbyyourselfHaveyoubeendoingInternetshoppingratherthangoingtothestores正确选项错误选项根据原文内容一步即可推出正确选项中一般不会有绝对的概念干扰项与常识吻合，但不是由文章推出推理过头，引申过度偏离主题，主观臆断凭空推测，不立足原正确选项中往往会有sometimesma文ymightcancouldpossiblyprobably直接照抄原文信息的选项等词。