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考研外语考试题目及答案17
一、UseofEnglish
1、AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysadpeopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly
6.Itwou1dbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryoneslifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14D.contrary.ItisthebeliefoforthodoxbiologythatDarwinianevolutionism.isfullybasedonillusions.focusespurelyonreasoning.isutterlyentitledtoworship.comestoaccountfornothing.Underthelawofthermodynamicstheuniverseissupposedtopushforwardprogress.B.togiverisetootherlife-forms.tomakeforatotalchaos.toimprovebywidemargins.Iftherewerepushtodirectorganizedcomplexitychancesofintelligenceevolutionwould.bewrecked.leveloff.beshortened.cropup.A010〃Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear”saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230cmtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak.〃Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry”.Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km—ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth.DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93450km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter〃isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup〃.AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelong-distancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens.Manypeople-includingsomeastronomers一areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos〃thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart”.SomeastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobjectsstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated.Theresthisthingcalledthe5gigglefactor^inCongress77hesays“peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldonttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.Itsamatterofprudence
77.TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweeksrecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphswelearnthat.A.theearthnarrowlyescapedacatastrophe.B.oneasteroidalmostdestroyedanentirecity.asteroidsarecomparabletonuclearweapons.theplanetearthisvulnerabletodangers.Whenmentioningthe〃the3000-to-12000-megatonrange”Para.3thewriteristalkingabout.A.strikingspectacles.B.conventionalweapons.C.explosiveimpact.D.defensivestrategies.ThedescriptionofCongresssgigglefactor”Para.6showsthewriters.appreciation.disbelief.C.excitement.D.ridicule.Accordingtothetext“nucleartippedmissilesand“cannonball-sizesteelspheres”Para.
5.A.aredifferentinnature.B.servesimilarfunctions.C.areidenticaltoeachother.D.poserealchallenges.Itseemsthatthewriteris.activetofendoffinvadingasteroids.largelyunconcernedwiththedanger.interestedinmilitaryinitiatives.enthusiasticaboutspottingasteroids.
11、AMERICAScentralbanksentaclearmessagethisweek.ForthesecondconsecutivemeetingtheFederalOpenMarketCommitteethecentralbankspolicy-makingcommitteeleftshort-terminterestratesunchangedat
1.75%.Butitsaidthattherisksfacingtheeconomyhadshiftedfromeconomicweaknesstoabalancebetweenweaknessandexcessivegrowth.Thisshiftsurprisednoone.Butithasconvincedmanypeoplethatinterest14ratesaresettoriseagain——andsoon.Judgingbypricesinfuturesmarketsinvestorsarebettingthatshort-terminterestratescouldstartrisingasearlyasMayandwillbe
1.25percentagepointshigherbytheendoftheyear.Thatmaybeexcessive.EconomistsatGoldmanSachswholongarguedthatthecentralbankwoulddonothingthisyearnowexpectshort-termratestogouponly
0.75%thisyearstartinginJune.ButvirtuallyeveryonereckonssomeFedtighteningisintheoffing.ThereasonAfteranunprecedented11rate-cutsin2022short-terminterestratesareabnormallylow.AsthesignsofrobustrecoverymultiplyanalystsexpecttheFedtotakebacksomeoftherate-cutsitusedasan〃insurancepolicy〃aftertheSeptember11thterroristattack.TheythinktherewillbeagradualmovefromtheFedscurrentaccommodative〃monetarystancetoamoreneutralpolicy.Andaneutralpolicymanyargueultimatelyimpliesshort-terminterestratesofaround4%.Logicalenough.Buthigherratescouldstillbefurtheroffparticularlyiftherecoveryproveslessrobustthanmanyhope.CertainlyrecenteconomicindicatorshavebeenextraordinarilystrongunemploymentfellforthesecondconsecutivemonthinFebruaryandindustrialproductionroseinbothJanuaryandFebruary.Themanufacturingsectorisgrowingafter18monthsofdecline.ThemostoptimisticWallStreetersnowexpectGDPtohaveexpandedbybetween5%and6%onanannualbasisinthefirstquarter.Butonestrongquarterdoesnotimplyasustainablerecovery.Intheshorttermthebounce-backisbeingdrivenbyadramaticrestockingofinventories.Butitcanbesustainedonlyifcorporateinvestmentrecoversandconsumerspendingstaysbuoyant.Withplentyofslackcapacityaroundandmanyfirmsstuckwithhugedebtsandlousyprofitsitishardtoseewheresurginginvestmentwillcomefrom.AnddespitefallingunemploymentAmericasconsumerscoulddisappointthebulls.Theseuncertaintiesalonesuggestthecentralbankwillbecautiousaboutraisinginterestrates.IndeedgiventhehugepressureoncorporateprofitstheFederalReservemightbehappytoseeconsumerpricesriseslightly.InshortwhileWallStreetfretsaboutwhenandhowmuchinterestrateswillgoup.Theanswermaywellbenotsoonandnotmuch.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthistextisto.interpretthemessagefromthecentralbank.justifytheriseofshort-terminterestrates.illustratewhatisweaknessandunduegrowth.contrastdifferentviewsoneconomicindices.HowdoeseveryonefeelaboutthemessagegivenbyAmericascentralbankA.Encouraged.Panicked.Confused.Misguided.Thephrasecurrentaccommodativemonetarystance”Para.denotes.optimal.excessive.logical.prudent.DespitesignsofstrongeconomicrecoveryAmericancompaniesarestillpressedfor.A.tremendousdebts.B.considerableprofits.C.soaringinvestment.D.excessivegrowth.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothistextShort-terminterestratesshouldbeguardedwisely.Unemploymentnolongerconstitutesaproblem.Asustainablerecoverydependsoncorporateprofits.Toomuchcautionmightsuspendeconomicgrowth.16Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedasmeans-testedcashassistance^bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof〃politicalcorrectnesshasgivenus“welfarecheat/zasanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan.Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butitsworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof$10billionayear一muchmorethanthe$
3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing〃over-class〃ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.Theresareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes一suchas$20000oreven$40000andabove一thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass.Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling〃nearpoorcategoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo一asdothemanyAfricanAmericans.Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydonthavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe
20.whilealthoughC.butD.if
2、2A.explainedB.integratedC.detectedD.dissectedearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo一forcashassistancewhenweredownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun一forthoseinclined一ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush.WhitefolksinU.S.areatagreateradvantageinthat.A.theyobtainmorebenefitsfromwelfare.B.theyshowcontemptforAfricanAmericans.C.theyblametheblacksforwelfaretheft.D.theyhaveachoicetotheirbestinterests.Itcaninferredfromthe2ndparagraphthat.A.blackworkersaregenerousunlesswronglyaccused.whiteshavealongerlifeexpectancythanblacks.blackpeoplemaycontributemuchtowelfarebudgets.whitesreceivelessfinancialaidthanblacks.Theexpression〃racialscapegoating”Para.4bestdenotesangeratthemercyoflaws.anaidintermsofprejudice.C.reliefforthesakeofclasses.D.avictiminthenameofraces.TheauthorismostcriticaloftheWhites.A.confession.hypocrisy.arrogance.hysteria.Thefunctionofthelastparagraphis.A.toreversethepreviouslyexpressedthoughts.toadvancethefinalargument.C.toheappraisesupontheprideofthewhites.D.toechothethesisstatement.21PartB10pointsYouaregoingtoreadatextaboutGold-MedalWorkoutsfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA一Fforeachnumberedsubheading41一
45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.DrawingonbiomechanicsandothersportsscienceOlympichopefulstargetjusttherightmusclesandmoves.Olympiansofyesteryearsharedthesamegoalbuttheywouldhardlyrecognizetodaystrainingtechniques.ToachievetoOlympianidealof〃fasterhigherstronger/zcoachesnowrealizeathletesdonthavetotrainmorebuttheydohavetotrainsmarter.Thatswhythesedayscross-countryNordicskierskneelonskateboardsandtugonpulleystohaulthemselvesuparamp.Byanalyzingeverymotionthatgoesintoaskijumporalugerunthescienceofbiomechanicsbreaksdowneventsintotheircomponentpartsanddetermineswhichmovementsofwhichmusclesarethekeytoasuperlativeperformance.Knowingthatiscrucialforasimplehuttomanycoachesandtrainersunexpectedreason:itturnsoutthatalthoughtrainingforgeneralconditioningimprovesfitnessthebestwaytoboostperformanceisbyworkingthemusclesandpracticingthemovesthatwillbeusedincompetition.Itscalledsport-specifictraining.Waystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternsofmovement.Sport-specifictrainingdoesnthavetomeanrunningtheactualcourseorperformingtheexactevent.Thereareotherwaystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternofmovement.DoingsitupsonaSwissballforinstancedevelopstorsocontrolaswellasstrength.TheFinnishice-hockeyteamrecentlyaddedacrobaticstoitstrainingregimebecauseithelpsplayerstobalanceontheicesaysheadcoachRaimoSummanen.Performance-enhancingstrategies.Theadvancesinphysiologythathaverevolutionizedtrainingaregivingsportsscientistsabetterunder-standingofhowtoimprovestrengthpowerspeedandbothaerobicandanaerobicfitness:Trainingthestart-up.Speedispartlygenetic.Astarsprinterisprobablybornwithapreponderanceoffasttwitchmusclefiberswhichfirerepeatedlywithonlymicrosecondrestsinbetween.Speedtrainingthereforeaimstorecruitmorefast-twitchfibersandincreasethespeedofnervesignalsthatcommandmusclestomove.43Strengthreflectsthepercentageofmusclefibersthebodycanrecruitforagivenmovement.“Someonewithpurestrengthcanrecruit90percentofthesefiberswhilesomeoneelserecruitsonly50percent”saystheUSOCsDavis.Developinganaerobicfitness.Anaerobicfitnesskeepsthemusclesmovingevenwhentheheartcantprovideenoughoxygen.TopostponethepointwhenacidbeginstoaccumulateoratleasttrainthebodytotolerateitJimWalkerhasthespeedskatersheworkswithpushthemselvesbeyondwhattheyneedtodoincompetition.Powerisstrengthwithspeed.“Oneofthebiggestchangesinstrengthtrainingisthatweregettingawayfrompurestrengthandemphasizingpowerorexplosivestrength〃saysUSOCstrength-and-conditioningcoordinatorKevinEbel.Difficultiesunderway.Itsstilldifficulttopersuadecoachestoletsportsscientistsmesswiththeirathletes.ToovercomesuchresistancetheUSOCsPeterDavishassetup“performance-enhancingteamswherecoachesandscientistsputtheirheadstogetherandapplythebestsciencetotraining.ComeFebruarytheworldwillseehowsciencefaredinitsattempttomoldathleticexcellence.A.ZachLundracesskeletonahead-firstbelly-downsledraceinwhichthestartiscrucial.Hehastosprintinabent-overposition42434445PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsAnawkward-1ookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestionbutrecentscientificresearchshowsbeautybrainsandbrawnmayinfactallbealliedwritesDr.RajPersaud.46Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife.InAmericanresearchledbyProfessorLeslieZebrowitzofBrandeisUniversityhasshownanassociationbetweenfacialattractiveandIQ.Strangersbrieflyexposedtoatargetsfacewereabletocorrectlyjudgeintelligenceatlevelssignificantlybetterthanchance.Thesameteamalsoresearchedhowapersonsattractivenessmightbearrelationtotheirintelligence.Theyfoundthatgood-lookingpeopledidbetterinIQtestsastheyaged.47Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.48Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.DoesthismeanthatyourfacereallycouldbeyourdestinySociologistsDrUlrichMuellerandDr.AllanMazuroftheUniversityofMarburginGermanyrecentlyanalyzedthefinal-yearphotographsofthe1950graduatesofWestPointintheUnitedStates.Dominantfacialappearancesturnedouttobeaconsistentpredictoroflaterrankattainment.Againtheybelievedtherecouldbeaselffulfillingeffect.49Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.AteamattheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinDublinhasbeeninvestigatingthesensitivesubjectoflinksbetweenphysicalandmentalabnormalities.LedbyDoctorsRobinHennessyandJohnWaddingtontheteamusedanewlasersurface-scanningtechniquetomakea3-Danalysisofhowfacialshapemightvarywithbrainstructure.Theirfindingsshowedthatinearlyfetallifebrainandfacedevelopmentareintimatelyconnected.FromthistheyconcludedthatabnormalitiesinDrainelaborationprobablyalsoaffectfacedevelopment.ThisaccordingtothemexplainsthestrikingfacialfeaturesofsomeonewithDownssyndrome.50Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.Sotheverylatestscientificresearchsuggeststhatnobodyshouldtrytolooktooobviouslydifferentfromaverage.47484950参考答案【一\UseofEnglish]「5CDABB6〜10DACDB11〜20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]r5DBACD610ACDBAlr30点击下载查看答案
3、⑶asforwhichD.though
4、⑷disgustingdiscouragingdiscountingdismissing
5、⑸regularlycommonlyroughlyuniquely
6、
(6)consultedcommentedremarkedstated
7、⑺accuratenormalimmediateexclusive
8、⑻consciouslycreduloussensibleabsurd
9、9adequatelyconfusedlyreluctantlypositively
10、10comeacrosspayoffholdupbreakdown11annoyinglycheerfullyworriedlyD.hopefully12interestthreatenbenefitdeprive13A.pleasureB.exhibitionC.prejudiceD.discomfort14A.styleB.patternC.formD.mold15tidedriftfloatflare16A.tastesteertacklestir17howwherehowD.unless18whenthatwhateverbecause19openrelatedcloseD.devoted20A.warmthB.severityC.tensionD.fever
二、ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsThediscoveryoflifebeyondEarthwouldtransformnotonlyoursciencebutalsoourreligionsourbeliefsystemsandourentireworld-view.Forinasensethesearchforextraterrestriallifeisreallyasearchforourselves一whoweareandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos.Contrarytopopularbeliefspeculationthatwearenotaloneintheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.TheessentialstepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryoftheancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.Yetphilosophyisonethingfillinginthephysicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastronomersincreasinglysuspectthatbiofriendlyplanetsmaybeabundantintheuniversethechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargelymysterious.Traditionallybiologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak一theresultofazillion—to-oneaccidentalconcatenationofmolecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappeningagainelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpointderivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamicswhichpredictsthattheuniverseisdying一slowlyandinexorablydegeneratingtowardastateoftotalchaos.Andsimilarreasoningappliestoevolution.AccordingtotheorthodoxviewDarwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Anyimpressionthatthetransitionfrommicrobestomanrepresentsprogressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolutionismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities.Ifthisisrighttherecanbenodirectionalitynoinnatedriveforward;inparticularnopushtowardconsciousnessandintelligence.ShouldEarthbestruckbyanasteroiddestroyingallhigherlife-formsintelligentbeingswouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.Thereishoweveracontraryview一onethatisgainingstrengthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthatcomplexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessofself-organization.Ifmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilttendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexitytheoddsagainsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionofintelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened.HistoricallyBertrandRussellarguedthatauniverseunderadeathsentencefromthesecondlawofthermodynamicsrenderedhumanlifeultimatelyfutile.Allourachievementsallourstruggles〃allthenoondaybrightnessofhumangenius”asheputitwouldinthefinalanalysiscountfornothingiftheverycosmositselfisdoomed.ButwhatifinspiteofthesecondlawofthermodynamicstherecanbesystematicprogressalongsidedecayForthosewhohopeforadeepermeaningorpurposebeneathphysicalexistencethepresenceofextraterrestriallife-formswouldprovideaspectacularboostimplyingthatweliveinauniversethatisinsomesensegettingbetterandbetterratherthanworseandworse.Thewriterorganizeshisideasinthetextmainlyby.A.justifyingpopularbeliefs.B.makingcomparisons.C.lookingbackonhistory.D.posingsharpcontrasts.OnthepossibilitiesoflifebeyondEarthastronomersandancientphilosophersviewsare.opposite.similar.divergent.。