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定语从句
一、概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”定语从句一般放在先行词的后面
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词有whothatwhomwhosewhich等;在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系副词有wherewhenwhy等;在从句中作状语
三、关系代词的用法所作成分先行词人;先行词物主语Whothat;Whichthat宾语Whothat.whom;Whichthat定语whose;whose总结L当先行词是人时关系代词who和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;
2.其中whom只作宾语;
3.当先行词是物时关系代词which和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;
4.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;that既可以指人,也可以指物Eg
01.Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatoftencomeshere(作主语)O
2.Thegirlwho/that/whomIspoketoismydaughter.(作宾语)O
3.Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(作主语)O
4.Thebookwhich/thatyouboughtformeisveryinteresting.(作宾语)
05.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;在从句中作定语,形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系,即谁的、、、、、、DoyouknowthesingerwhosenameisWangfengIliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
四、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
(1)当介词位于定语从句末尾时可用which/that(指物);who/that/whom(指人)作从句中介词的宾语,关系代词可以省略
01.DadisapersonIcaneasilytalkto.
02.1sthistheplayyouweretalkingaboutjustnow
(2)当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用Whom(指人)或which(指物),且关系代词不能省略Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.IcantfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting.
五、只能用关系代词that不能用which的几种情况a.当先行词是everything/nothingsomething/anythingall/nonefew/littlemuch/some等代词时Isthereanythingthatyoudontneed有没有你们不需要的东西?b.当先行词被every/nosome/anyfew/littleall/much等修饰时IwanttowatchallthemoviesthatwereactedbyZhouXingchi.我想看周星驰演的所有电影c.当先行词被theonlytheverythesamethelastjust等修饰0寸ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书d.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词或形容词最高级时Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.e.当先行词既有人又有物时IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.f.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,为避免重复,只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatiscryingWhichisthehotelthatyoulikebestg.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.
六、只用which不用that的情况1which引导非限制性定语从句,that则不能Hehadfailedinthemathsexamwhichmadehisfatherveryangry.2在介词提前的定语从句中,只用which不用thatoThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.先行词本身是that时只能用whichoWhatsthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow
七、关系副词的用法所作成分先行词;关系副词时间状语时间名词;When地点状语地点名词;where原因状语原因名词;why关系副词所代替的先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,关系副词在句中作状语关系副词wherewhenwhy相当于“介词+which”结构Eg where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语例如Ol.Thatisthehousewhere=inwhichmyfatherusedtolive那个是我爸爸曾经居住的房子
02.Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarmwhere=onwhichtheyworked30yearsagoagain.去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场
03.Myfatherwasbornintheplacewhere=inwhichWorldWarIIbrokeout.when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语例如Ol.Thiswasthetimewhen=atwhichhearrived.这是他到达的时间
02.1stillrememberthedaywhen=onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.
03.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen=inwhichWorldWarIIbrokeout.why指原因,其先行词表示原因,在从句中作原因状语例如OldsthisthereasonWhy=forwhichherefusedouroffer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理山吗?O
2.Thereareseveralreasonswhy=forwhichtheboysshouldbepunished.
03.Tomcouldntgivetheteacherthereasonwhy=forwhichhewaslateforschool.(温馨提示how不能用作关系副词,不用来引导定语从句修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用inwhich也可用that或省略Eg ThisisthewayhowIdid让.<错打位isthewayinwhich/thatIdidit.v正〉)
八、介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词,形容词的习惯搭配来决定Ol.ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.O
2.ThisisthebookforwhichIspent8dollars
03.Physicsisthesubjectinourschoolinwhicheverystudentisinterested.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.IllneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.根据所表达的意思来确定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecantliveiscalledoxygen.
九、关系代词与关系副词的选用根据定语从句中所缺少的成分作状语用关系副词;作主语、宾语、定语等用关系代词.
十、定语从句的分类
(1)限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用“逗号”与主句隔开用“逗号”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或疑似表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思译法上译成先行词的定语“、、、的”通常译成主句的并列句Eg
01.Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
02.HisdaughterwhoisinBostonnowiscominghomenextweek.若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整)
(2)关系词那点事0L无论如何,关系词都不可省略;
02.指代整个主句时,用which;Eg:Chinawonthechampionshipwhichimadausthrilledtodeath!O
3.that和why双下岗,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句;
04.其他的,和限制性定语从句一样;
05.可以用as来引导非限制性定语从句可以作主语,也可以做宾语(常见的搭配;asisoftenthecase这是常有的事;asisreported正如报道的那样asisexpected正如所预料的;asweallknow众所周知;asthesayinggoes正如俗语所说;asissaidabove正如以上所述)
(3)请区别以下的句子哪些是限制性定语从句,哪些是非限制性定语从句01Heaskedmeaquestionwhichwasaboutmystudyatschool.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题O
2.Thisismymotorbikewhichwassenttomebymyuncle.这是我的摩托车,它是我叔叔送的O
3.Thisisthebook(which/that)herefersto•这就是他提到的那本书O
4.ThisnovelwhichIhavereadthreetimesisverytouchingo这部小说很感人,我已经读了三遍了
05.BeijingwhichisthecapitalofChinahasaverylonghistory.O
6.YesterdayImetLiPingwhoseemedtobeverybusy.O
7.CharlesSmithwhowasmyformerteacherretireslastyear.
(4)非限制性定语从句练习.WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteamsThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKingwasthebestplayeratourschool..Thebooksonthedeskcoversareshinyareprizesforus..Thenumberofsmokersisreportedhasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear..UntilnowwehaveraisedSO^OOpoundsforthepoorchildrenisquiteunexpected..1borrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweekmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.关系代词练习
(一)tomcouldntstopthinkingabouttheboymadehimafoolinfrontofthewholeclass.TheearthistheplanetprovideuswitheverythingweneedfreshairzcleanwaterandsoonItsourdutytoprotectit.-Whatareyoudoing.Tim-IamlisteningtothesongLongLivemakesmefeelexcited.AkindofsharedbikeiscalledbluegogoisgettingmoreandmorepopularinChengdu.PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiwei.-HeisagreatastronautofalltheChineseareProud.-WhowonthefirstprizeinEnglishspeechcontest-Theprizewenttothegirlspeechwasthemostnaturalandfluent.WhenTomgottotheislandthefirstthinghedidwastolookforsomefood.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplaceIveevervisited..ThisisthebestbookIhavebeenlookingforallthisyear..Theonlylanguageiseasytolearnisthemothertongue.关系副词练习
(二)YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillagehisfamilylivedtenyearsago.OppositeisSt.PaulsChurchyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweektheweathermaybebetter.Onedaymentallyexhausted!wrotedownallthereasonsthisproblemcouldnotbesolved.AsthesmallestchildofhisfamilyAlexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.关系词练习
(三)Thisisthebagmymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.thisThemanlivesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./ThegirlyousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.asIsthisthefactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterdayA.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whomIsthisfactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterdayA.theoneB.thatC.whichD./Theonlylanguageiseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.itThegirlhandedeverythingshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.allcleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.ThestudentswhoPleaseshowmethebookyouboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.thisThisisthebestbookIhavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./Themanwasherejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.heTheboyhastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoorHeisthemostcarefulboyIknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./HaveyouvisitedthehousethefamousscientistwasbornA.whereB.inthatC.thatD.whichThefactoryMr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichDoyoustillrememberthedaywefirstmetA.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthatThefirsttimeIsawPremierZhouwasin
1958.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.thatOctober11949isthedayweIIneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhichOctober11949wasthedaythePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhichIsthistheshopsellschildrensclothingA.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.whatIsthismuseumtheyvisitedlastmonthA.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone.1stillrememberthesitting-roommymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereDidyoutellyourmotherallyouhadseenonthewayhomeA.whatB.whyC.thatD.whichItsoneofthemostimportantmeetingsthisyears.A.thathasbeenheldB.whichhasbeenheldC.thathavebeenheldD.whichhaveheldTIIneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhichSheshowedhernewwatchtomywifewaskeptinabox.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.itThisisthenewtypeofplanepartsaremadeofplastics.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whose定语从句(2015年)(2015•安徽卷•28)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponschooleducationdepends.A.itB.thatC.whoseD.which(2015•北京卷•24)OppositeisSt.PauTsChurchyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where(2015•福建卷•34)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadershipshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which(2015•江苏卷•21)Thenumberofsmokersisreportedhasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as(2015•浙江卷•19)Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.A.asB.whosehttp://C.inwhichD.atwhich(2015•天津卷•15)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who(2015•湖南卷*29)ltisatrulydelightfulplacelooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.A.asB.whereC.thatD.which(2015•陕西卷•15)AsthesmallestchildofhisfamilyAlexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when(2015•四〃I卷•3)Thebooksonthedeskcoversareshinyareprizesforus.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that(2015•重庆卷・14)Hewrotemanychildrensbooksnearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.A.whomB.whichC.themD.that定语从句
(2014)(2014•重庆卷-9)Wellreachthesalestargetsinamonthwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what(2014•福建卷•31)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where(2014•7胡南卷•31)1amlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where(2014•)折江卷•5)1didntbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgradeIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why(2014•江西卷•28).Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface.probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when(2014•江西卷*35).Itwasthemiddleofthenightmyfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.A.thatB.asC.whichD.when(2014•江苏卷•22)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunicationespeciallyatworkagoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where(2014•陕西卷•13)Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what(2014•四川卷•T4)Untilnowwehaveraised50000poundsforthepoorchildrenisquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it(2014•北京卷*26)1borrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweekmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where(2014•天津卷•12)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiverseculturesusesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem(2014•安徽卷•22)Theexactyear
2008.A.whenB.whereC.why
13.(2014•山东卷•10)Acompanyopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why。