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SectionHIGrammar一复习状语和状语从句课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分面不同形式]副词(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)、的状语动词不定式、名词、形容词多数都放在句子的后面时间状语从句地点状语从句[状语]原因状语从句方式状语从句(让步状语从句1]条件状语从句)结果状语从句]比较状语从句目的状语从句探究发现
①Itcansoundverydifferentfromplacetoplace.
②ForexamplewithinLondonthemostfamousdialectiscockney.
③Onewomanwaslyinginbedawake.
④AcustomercameuptotheauthorholdingacopyofthebookandsaidEmmaChissit.
⑤Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.
⑥Wellstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
⑦rilgiveyouananswerimmediatelyIvefinishedreadingthereport.
⑧Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissortthemomenthereturnedtohisoffice.
⑨Poorashewashewashonest.[我的发现]⑴
①〜
⑤句为词语作状语
⑥〜
⑨句为句子作状语⑵
④⑤为非谓语动词作状语⑶
⑥句中的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时
(4)
⑦句用副词引导状语从句:
⑧句用名词性短语引导时间状语从句⑸
⑨句中的状语从句使用了倒装语序
一、状语
(一)概念修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分,叫作状语用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首
(二)不同形式的状语.副词(短语)作状语Theboyneedsapenverymuch.男孩非常需要一支钢笔(程度状语)Theboyneedsapennow./Nowtheboyneedsapen./Theboynowneedsapen.男孩现在需要一支钢笔(时间状语).介词短语作状语BeforehismotherTomisalwaysaboy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是个孩子(地点状语)OnSundaysthereisnostudentintheclassroom.星期天,教室里没有学生(时间状语).分词(短语)作状语Hesitsthereaskingforapen.他坐在那儿要一支笔(表示伴随状态).动词不定式作状语WeweregladtohearthatShenzhou-XIhadbeensentupintospacesuccessfully.听到神舟十一号成功发射的消息我们很高兴(原因状语).名词作状语Comethisway!走这条路!(方式状语)IwillbebacknextMonday.我下周一回来(时间状语)
6.形容词作状语Tiredandhotwehadtostoptohaveabreak.又累又热,我们只好停下来休息(原因状语)
(三)位置状语在句中的位置比较灵活一般来讲,多数状语都放在句子的后面修饰谓语动词的状语一般放在谓语的后面,若有宾语则放在宾语的后面修饰整个句子的状语则放在句子的最前面,并用逗号隔开但有些副词作状语则放在实义动词之前,助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,如alwaysoftenusuallyneverever等Shestudieshardatschool.她在学校努力学习ShestudiesEnglishveryhardatschool.她在学校学习英语很努力Unfortunatelyhemissedthetrain.不幸的是他未赶上火车Heisalwayslateforschool.他总是上学迟到[即时演练1]画出下列句子中的状语
①ItsoundsverydifferentfroiqplacetQplace.
②FulL°f]iope」thelocalpeopleareworkinghardtQrebuildthei£nometown.
③Having」ive|abroaafortweiitYyearSqtheoldmanreturnedtohishometownwherehewasbroughtup.41willstayanotherfivemonths5Heated_waterchangesintosteam.
⑥InSPitepfth[heavyFaiii2theyarrived.©AlwayslookyourhomeworkthroughbefogliaiidingWJii.
二、状语从句一状语从句的概念及分类用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句二各种状语从句的具体用法.时间状语从句时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导when;while;as;before;after;since;until;assoonas;nosooner...than•・・;hardly...when;themoment;everytime;immediately等.whenwhileas引导的时间状语从句lwhen表示时间点时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示时间段时,用延续性动词YouhadalreadygonewhenIarrivedthere.当我到达时,你已经走了when表示点时间WhenIlivedinthecountryside!usedtocarrysomewaterforhim.当时住在农村,我常常为他担水when表示段时间2while表示“在……期间”或“在某一段时间里”,它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生Samwentthroughamagazinewhilehewaited.萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志3as引导的时间状语从句
①as表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用AsIwatchedthemanideastruckme.我看着他们时,产生了一个想法
②as表示“一边……一边……”,强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行Asthestudentswalkedtotheirdormstheysanghappily.学生们一边往宿舍走,一边快乐地唱着歌
③as还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,意为“随着”,表时间的推移Astimegoesonitsgettingwarmerandwarmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了.since引导的时间状语从句since表示从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止,意思是“自……以来”引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时Wevebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.自从我们在学校认识之后,我们就一直是好朋友.beforeafter引导的时间状语从句lbefore表示在一段时间之前after表示在一段时间之后Ihadwrittenmydissertationbeforemysupervisorwentabroad.在导师出国之前,我已完成了我的学位论文Ifoundyourcoatafteryouhadleftthehouse.你离开房子之后,我发现了你的外衣2before有时翻译成“……才……”,不到……就”,“趁……就”,“还没来得及……就”Itwasquiteafewyearsbeforehefinallyfinishedhisnovel.过了好几年他才完成他的小说HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.我还没来得及阻止他,他就跑掉了tilluntil引导的时间状语从句1如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,就常用肯定式表示“直到……为止”;如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词,就常用否定表示“直到……才”HewillremainincollegeuntiltillhefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.他将留在学校里面直到完成他的博士学位课程IdidntwakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来2当notuntil位于句首时,主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序NotuntilhecamebackdidIleave.直到他回来我才走[名师点津]
①until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但till从句一般不放在句首
②在强调句型中一般只能用until不用tillItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrecognizedher.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她来E.表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句assoonasonceimmediatelyinstantlydirectlythemomenttheminutetheinstantthesecondnosooner...thanhardly...whenscarcely...when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生了,即“一……就……”Assoonaswegothomethetelephonerang.我们刚到家,电话就响了HesaidhedturnonTVthemomenthegothome.他说他一回到家就打开电视机[名师点津]®hardly/scarcely...whennosooner...than引导的从句中的动词用一^过去时,主句中的动词用过去完成时
②当hardlyscarcelynosooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序Ihadhardlyarrivedatthetheatrewhentheperformancebegan.我刚到剧场,节目就开始了F.nexttimethefirsttimethelasttimeeverytimebythetime等引导的时间状语从句DolookmeupthenexttimeyoureinLondon.你下次到伦敦,务必来找我Bythetimewegottheretheplayhadalreadybegun.等我们到那里时,戏已经开始了[即时演练2]1选词填空whenwhileasbeforeaftersinceuntilthemoment
①ThcjnomentIheardthenewsIrushedtothespot.
②WhenshecameinIwascookingdinner
③WhilemywifewasreadingthenewspaperIwaswatchingTV
④Astimegoesonthingsaregettingbetterandbetter
⑤Ididntgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.
⑥MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.©AftershehadfinishedherdinnerLucybegantoreadanovel.
⑧Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.2完成句子QNotuntiloneofmyclassmatespattedmeontheshoulderdid」cometomyself.直到我的同班同学拍了一下我的肩膀,我才回过神来
②Nosoonerha1shehear|thenews」hanshefainted.她一听到这个消息,便昏了过去3Itwontbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面的让步状语从句让步状语从句由althoughthoughwhile虽然,尽管”,asevenifeventhough即使也”howeverwhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverwhether.・.or.・・不管还是,nomatterhowwhowhat.・・等引导Althoughtheylackofficialsupporttheycontinuetheirstruggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持,但仍然继续奋斗Evenifyoufailyouwillhavegainedexperience.纵然失败,你也会得到一些经验[即时演练3]完成句子
①2016•浙江高考改编While/A仕hough/Thouwh9nlineshoppiiigJiaschan2edourlifenotallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.虽然网购改变了我们的生活,但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的
②HowevejJiard建」ainedtheywentonhiking.不管雨下得多大他们仍继续徒步旅行
③NQjnatteryvhQyouaraaoiimustobeythelaw.不管你是谁,都要守法
④Whethe£hcviU£omcoi、oLwewillgoonwithourplan.不管他来不来,我们仍按计划进行
⑤Chil|ashcvashehadagoodcommandofEnglish.尽管他是个孩子,但他精通英语条件状语从句条件状语从句由if如果,unless除非”aslongas=solongas只要”incasethat“如果,万一,onconditionthat条件是,supposesupposingthatprovidedprovidingthat假如等引导Iwillbuyacomputeriflamabletosaveupenoughmoney.如果我能存下足够的钱,我就买台电脑Unlesstheweatherwasbadmyfatheralwaysusedtotakeawalkintheevening.除非天气不好,我的父亲过去晚上总是去散步[即时演练4]选词填空onconditionthatifaslongasincasesupposing@Ifheworkshardhellbesuccessful.
②Youmayborrowthebookon_gmditio口_,hatyouwontlendittoothers.©Supposingthatyoufailasecondtimetryagain.4Aslongaswedontloseheartwellfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.
⑤Itmayrainyoudbettertakeanumbrellajustin/aseitdoes.地点状语从句地点状语从句常由where或wherever等引导Wherethereisawillthereisaway.有志者,事竟成Hemustgowhereverwesendhim.他必须去我们派他去的任何地方原因状语从句原因状语从句由becauseassincenowthat等引导IdidntgotoschooltodaybecauseIwasill.因为生病所以我今天没去上学Astherewasnoanswerhewrotetoheragain.因为没有回复,所以他又给她写了封信结果状语从句和目的状语从句1引导结果状语从句的连词有so.・・thatsuch...that”如此以至于“,sothat”以至于,所以“结果状语从句通常置于主句之后IdidntplantheworkwellsothatIdidntfinishitintime.我没把工作计划好,结果没按时完成Thescientistsreportwassoinstructivethatwewereallveryexcited.科学家的报告很有教育性,我们感到很兴奋2引导目的状语从句的连词有sothatinorderthatlestforfearthatincaseTheystartedearlysothattheymightarriveintime.他们早点动身,以便准时到达Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷方式状语从句和比较状语从句1方式状语从句常由asasifasthough等词引导,通常位于主句之后Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.他装作似乎什么事也没发生过2比较状语从句由as...asmore…thanthemore…themore…等引导Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldone.我们的新学校是原来学校的四倍大[即时演练5]单句改错
①Youllgotoanywhereyoulike.去掉to
②Itwasashewaslateforclassthathewasscoldedbytheteachenas-because
③Inordertowecouldsavetimeweusedthecomputerto-that
④Therearesuchmanymistakesinthepassagethatnoonelikestoreaditsuch^so
⑤HetreatsmeasifIamastrangenam-wereI.单句语法填空Atnightthesebusystreetsduringthedaybecomeemptyoftraffic.Childrenshouldbeinstructedtoputthingswheretheybelongintheirearlychildhood.EverythingseemedtobegoingsmoothlysmoothforthefirsttwodaysafterImovedtoNewYork.Findingfindthecourseverydifficultshedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.Unlesswehaveenoughevidencewecantwinthecase.Doasyouaretoldotherwiseyouwillmakemistake.Theturtledoesntrunsoquicklyasthehare.Shecouldhardlysayawordastonishedastonishandhappy.ShehadtochokedownherbreakfasttQgatchcatchherbus.ThebellrangbeforeIcouldlookovermyanswers.n.完成句子2015・E9川高考书面表达WhenJspeaK_EnMish_Ioftenfeelalittlenervous.当我说英语的时候,我经常感到有点紧张2014•山东高考满分作文Thisprovesthat-weHbeabletogetoveranydifficulty.这证明,只要我们有坚强的意志,我们将能够克服任何困难2015•全国卷I满分作文Firs{9fa£youcantalkaboutAmericancustomsandfestivalsbecauseChinesestudentsareinterestedinthem.首先,你可以谈论美国的习俗和节日,因为中国学生对他们感兴趣.2014-四川高考书面表达ThoughSomefthequestioiisseeiq4iiifamiliaitQpietheyareeasytoanswer.虽然有些问题对我来说似乎不太熟悉,但他们很容易回答2015陕西高考书面表达BesidesIhavesuchagoo|sommaii|°fEiiglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.此外,我英语能力很好,结果我当选为我英语老师的助手(2015全国卷II书面表达)Sinccyouare_jiitereste(|jiitraditionalChineseculturesIthinkthisfestivaliswellworthexperiencing.既然你对中国传统文化很感兴趣,我认为这个节日是非常值得体验的in.短文改错DearJackIampleasingtohearfromyouandknowthatyouhadagreatlytimeworkingpart-timeinafastfoodrestaurant.NowIwouldliketoshareyourworkingexperienceswithyouduringthepastsummerholiday.InthebeginningofthesummervacationIwashiredasshoppingguideinabigsupermarket.IstoodfortenhoursadayandsmiledtoeveryoneIhavemet.SometimesIwaslaughedatandmostofthetimeIwaspraisedformywonderfulworksbymanypeople.HalfamonthpassedquicklyafterIknewitandIlearnedhowtodealwithdifferentpeople.AboveallIhavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolveanyproblem.Bestwishes.YoursLiMing答案第一句pleasing-^pleased;greatly-*great第二句your-my第三句InfAt;as后加a第四句去掉have第五句and-*but;works-work第六句after-before第七句solve—solving。