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中考英语复习资料中考英语复习资料
1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法;.动词被动语态的构成及用法;.非谓语动词的构成及用法;.近义动词的用法区别【名师点睛】
1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态,其中常用的有8种,它们是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时⑴一般现在时的基本用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用时间状语everysometimesatonSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中1say表示讲话,作为及物动词使用,后跟宾语或宾语从句Hesaidhewouldgothere.Itstimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语DoyouspeakEnglishMayIspeaktoMrPopepleasetalk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与toaboutwith等连用,才可以接宾语WhatareyoutalkingaboutMrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.teU表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.lookseewatch和watch的用法look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusualsee指“看见”某物,强调的是结果Theycantseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSundaywatch指的是“观看”,“注视”之意ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意Dontreadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrowlend和keep的区别borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionarylend是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradiopleasekeep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续HowlongcantherecorderbekeptThefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.bringtakecarry和get的用法lbring意思为“拿来”、“带来”指将某物或某人从别处“带来”Bringmethebookplease.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturdaytake意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向DoyoualwayscarryahandbagTheboxisheavy.Canyoucarryitget是去某处将某物拿回来Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsomewearputon和dress的区别wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesntliketoweararedflowersinherhair.2puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等着重于穿戴的动作Itscold.Youdbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.3dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服dresssb.给某人穿衣服,而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wearsth.穿着衣物Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.takespend和use的用法take指做某事用多少时间句型是Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.spend指某人在某事物上花费时间或钱句型是Someonespends+money/time+onsomethingindoingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidntspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtimeincorrectingstudentsexercises.Motherspenthereveningsinwashingclothes.use表示使用工具、手段等DoyouknowhowtousethecomputerShallweuseyourcar7reachget和arrive的区别reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语AfterthetrainhadlefttheyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用togetto常用于口语中Whenthestudentsgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arriveat到达一个大地方时用arriveinoThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow.中考英语复习资料2Unit1Hestudiesbyaskingtheteacherforhelpby以…方式)靠+n/doingIwenttoschoolbybus/train/subway/bike/plane/boat-•thebestwaytodosth做某事的方法JoiningtheEnglishclubwasthebestwaytoimproveourEnglish.动名词作主语+v三单havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime+doingSth做某事很困难laughatsb.嘲笑某人last(持续)+一段时间Therainlastedfor6hoursyesterday.regard・・..as=consider---.as--treatas把当成complaintosbaboutdoingsth抱怨某人做某事except/besidesexcept除・・・以夕卜・・・・Allthestudentswenttothezooexceptmebesides除….以外(包括在内)Ihavefewfriendsbesidesyou.assoonas---.一….就(条件状语从句主将从现)I11callyouassoonasIgetthere.if引导宾语从句时“是否if引导条件状语从句“假如,如果”,主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时IdontknowifitwillrainifitrainsIwontgoout.宾从条从Unit
21.1usedtodosth过去常常做某事Heusedtodohomeworkuntil10pm.beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事I’musedtogettingupearly.Sheisusedtolivingalone.beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事Knifeisusedtocutthings=Knifeisusedforcuttingthings.afford买得起,负担得起…的费用Icantaffordanewcar.affordtodosth负担得起做某事getintroublewith与….发生纠纷bepatientwithsbofsth在某事上对某人很耐心beproudof=takepridein+n/doing对・・・..感到骄傲Itstimeforsbtodosth/Itstimeforsth是某人该做某事的时候了Unit3beallowedtodosth被允许做某事allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事allowtodosth允许做某事1insteadof+n/pre/vingSheprefersmilkinsteadof=ratherthancoffee.We^dliketogosightseeinginsteadofstayingathome.instead相反的、代替常放句末IdontlikeswimmingIlikeplayinggamesinstead.Sodowe我也是So+助、be、情态动词+主语“某人也一样Ihavetodomyhomework.Sodoeshe.Nor/neither助、be、情态动词+主语“某人也不”Marydidntgotothepartylastnight.Neither/nordidI.Imnotallowedtogetmyearspierced.Getsthdone/havesthdone这事儿不是主语做的而是找别人做的MybikebrokedownV11haveitrepaired.我的自行车坏了,我得找人修理bestrictwithsb对某人严格bestrictinsth在某方面很严格becomfortabletodosth做某事很方便begoodfor对・・・..有好处Vegetableandfruitaregoodforyourhealth.begoodat=dowellin+n/pre/doing擅长・・•.Heisgoodatswimmingbegoodto=befriendlyto对…很友善haveanopportunitytodosth有机会做某事语法不定代词some/any均为“一些,+可、不可数名词;some一般用于肯定,any多用于否定或疑问句但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee—Yesplease./Nothanks2many/muchmany+可数名词much+不可数名词都可与sotooashow搭配1either/neithereither指两者其一neither指两者都不either,・・..or・・・・・不是・・就是….neither---..nor-•既不一也不othertheotherotherstheothersanotherother别的、其他的2theother两者中另一个onetheother一个•一另一个3others泛指别的人或物=other+复数名词someothers•一些另一些4theothers特指其余剩下的人或物some-•theothers一些…,其余的another任何一个,另一个指三者以上中的任何一个getinthewayof妨碍・••・・On---.team.在•一队里Heisontheschoolsoccerteam.happen出乎意料的发生takeplace有计划的发生两者都没有被动语态thisaccidenthastakenplacefor5years.beseriousabout+n/pre/doing对・・・.很认真succeedindoingsth成功地做某事successn.successfuladjUnit
4.数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百/千/百万/十亿hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of成百的/千的/百万的/十亿的.辨析bring/take/fetch/carry.IfIwereyouIdwearashirtandtie.IfIhadamilliondollarsI’dbuyabighouse.If的用法1在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,表示一种假设,需用虚拟语气,对现在情况的假设,条件从句中用一般过去时be动词勇were主句用would/should/could+V原Iftheywereheretheywouldhelpyou.2)如果假设情况可能发生,句子用陈述语气,条件从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时IfhecomesI11bringhimPridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时例Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性Idontwantsomuch.5)某些动词如comegomovestopleavearrivebefinishcontinuestart等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作Thetraincomesat3oclock.6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时Illhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.⑵一般过去时的用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterdaythedaybeforelastlastweektwodaysago等上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1)过去经常反复发生的动作,也可用usedto或wouldapresent.Ifitrainstomorrowwewonthaveapicnic..invitesbtosomewhereinvitesbtodosth.辨析borrow/lend/keepborrow•--from--主语借进Iborrowedbooksfromschoollibrary.lend---..to・・・..主语借出Couldyoulendyourdictionarytomekeep借并保存一段时间常用于完成时forsince与搭配,代替borrowIvekeptthisstorybookforamonthandIdidntreturnit..许多1alotoflotsofsomeplentyof既可修饰可数,也可修饰不可数名词⑵anumberof+可数名词复数+V复“大量的Anumberoftreesarecutdown.3thenumberof+可数名词复数+V三单的数量”Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis
52.4amountofmuchalittlelittleabitofadealof+不可数名词+V三单⑸manyafewfew+可数名词复数+V复.ratherthan其后动词的形式,与前面动词的形式保持一致Ilikesingingthandancing.宁愿做…而不愿做…wouldratherdosththandosth.2wouldliketodosththandosth3prefertodosthratherthandosth4preferdoingtodoing.害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth=beterrifiedofdoingsth=bescaredofdoingsthbeafraidtodosthwin赢得比赛、致词、地位、荣誉beat击败某人、某队.辨别noise噪音Dontmakeanynoise!voice人的嗓音Hehasagoodvoicesound泛指各种声音Thesoundofcaristooloud..tastev.品尝,尝起来n.味道,品味系动词tastesmelllooksoundfeel+adj.语法Givesbsth=givesthtosb这种结构的动词还有力口to的giveshowsendbringpasslendtell力口for的makebuydohavecookfindsingEg:Iboughtagiftforher.=IboughtheragiftShelentmeabook=Shelentabooktome.Unit5WhosebookisthisItmust/might/cant/couldbesbsbelongtosb.Its+adj+thatItsnecessary/clear/importantthat-•Its+adj+todosthitsimportant/necessarytoworkhard.find/think+it+adj+todosth.IfounditdifficulttorememberEnglishwords.对・・感至U担心beanxious/worriedabout-••worryabout渴望做某事beanxioustodosthHecouldberunningforexercise.情态动词+be+doingsth俵示猜测可能正在做某事sthhappentosb某人碰巧遇到某事Whenhewalkedacrosstheroadthecaraccidenthappenedtohim.太….muchtoo+adj太多•-.toomuch+不可数ntoomany+可数nUnit6prefersthtosthIpreferfishtomeat.prefertodosthratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosththandosthTheyprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.preferdoingtodoingJimprefersreadingtoplayinggames.play+运动、棋类、消遣playbasketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chessplay+the+乐器playtheguitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drumsgo+运动ing:goshopping/fishing/sightseeing/cookingaloudloudloudlyaloud指读书readaloudloud)loudly可互换,但loud可作adjloudly却不能使….想起….提醒(某人)remindsbremindsbofsthThephotosremindedmeofmyschooldays.remindsbtodosthCanyouremindmetowakehimupat6:
25.though/although和but不能连用Mygrandfatheris100yearsold)butheisveryhealth.=Thoughmygrandfatheris100yearsold)heisveryhealth.because和so也不能连用famous=well-knownbefamousforMartinisfamousforwritingstory.befamousasSheisfamousasascientist.befamoustoTheGreatWallisfamoustotheworld.afew+可数名词(表肯定)一些alitde+不可数名词(表肯定)一些few(表否定)几乎没有little(表否定)几乎没有because+句子becauseof+名词、代词、动名词短语Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecausehehadaheadache.Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecauseofhisheadache.expecttodosth=hopetodosth=wishtodosth.haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself.Unit
7.辨析relaxed/relaxingtired/tiringfascinated/fascinatingexcited/excitingfrustrated/frustratingdisappointed/disappointingsurprised/surprisingamazed/amazinginterested/interesting(力口ed的修饰人“感到的;力口ing的修饰物“令人的”)eg:Shewassurprisedtoreadthissurprisingnews.相关短语beexcitedatbedisappointedatbesurprisedat/todosthbeinterestedin=takaaninterestin+n/Ving.旅行trek徒步跋涉trektroughthejungle/forest/mountaintravel泛指旅行travelaroundtheworld.trip短途旅行haveatrip.TriptoChengdu..想要、愿意做某事wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth.—Wherewouldyouliketogo—Idliketovisitsomewherewarm..辨析crossthroughoverpastcross从表面上通过walkcrossthestreet/bridge/river-•through从空间通过gothroughtheforest/jungle/crowedover从上方跨过jumpoverthewallpast从旁边经过Hewalkedpastthewindowwhenwewerehavingclass.hope/wish1hopetodosthhope+从句2wishtodosthwishsbtodosthwish+从句
6.1’dliketogosomewhererelaxing.adj放不定代词后修饰不定代词Whynot+V原…=Whydontyou+V原…Lets+V原consider考虑、认为considerdoingsth/+how-what+todosth/+名词、从句eg:WereconsideringvisitingParisforholiday.Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.Allofyoushouldconsiderthefeelingofthepeople.Doyouconsider认为thatwecanfinishtheprojectontimeoneof+adj级+复数名词+V三单OneofthehighestsightsinParisisEiffelTower.辨析include/includingOurschoolincludestwoparts:PrimaryandMiddleSchool.Ilikeallsportsincludingplayingsoccer.travelingaroundParisbytaxicancostalotofmoney.travelingaroundParisbytaxi动名词做主语+V三单oneofthecheapestwaystovisitParisistakingtheundergroundtrain.动名词作表语从句的主语辨析costspendpaytakeSthcostscostTheTVcostme500dollarsSbspendspent•・•・・onsth/doingsthIspent500dollarsontheTV.Ispent500dollarsbuyingtheTV.Sbpaypaid・・・.For-••Ipaid500dollarsfortheTV.Ittakestooksb•…・・todosth.Ittookme500dollarstobuytheTV.unless=ifnot条件状语从句,由ifunless引导(主将从现,主过从过)Ifitdoestrainwe11gofishing.Unlessyouseeadoctoryoushouldnttakethemedicine.提供lprovidesbwithsth=providesthforsb.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidehisfamilywithfood.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidefoodforhisfamily.offersbsth=offersthtosb.Sheofferedmoneytothepoorchildren.offertodosth自愿做某事mindfinishkeepbebusyfeellikepracticehavefunenjoyhavetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtimepermitspendbeworthkeeponkeepbeusedtocontinuegiveupputoffenduppayattentiontolookforwardtoconsidersuggestcanthelpmiss+doingsthfeelhearseefindwatchnoticesbdosth做过doingsth正在做辨析stoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/rememberdoingforgettodo/forgetdoingtrytodo/trydoinggoontodo/goondoingallowtodo/allowdoing在介词后inatafterontoforofbyagainstwithwithoutafterbefore如果要用动词只能用vingIstudyforatestbyworkingwithgroups.enough的用法adj/adv+enough足够样enough+n足够的语法主谓一致1当and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语,谓语动词用复数nbsp;BothyouandIaregoodfriends.不定代词作主语+V三单eitherneithereachtheotheranotherany/every/no/some弓|导的不定代词Everyoneisgoingtobeachtomorrow.由eachevery引导的作主语,指同一个人时,+V三单Eachboyandgirlwasgivenagift.
4.主语后有withalongwithtogetherwithaswellasmorethanincludingbesideslikeexceptbut.谓语动词由前面的主语决定.MrLiwithhiswifeandchildreniscomingnextweek.Tombesideshisfriendsplaysvolleyballeveryafternoon.5either--or-•neither---nor•notonly--butalso-•连接两个主语,谓语动词有靠近它的主语决定,即就近原则NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.Eitheryouorheisright.6therebe句型的be动词由靠近它的主语决定,即就近原则oThereisatableandmanydesksintheroom.7oneof+复数名词+V三单oneofthewomenisfromAmerica.dreamofdoingsthachieve/cometrueIbelieveIwillachievemydreamoneday.=Ibelievemydreamwillcometrueoneday.receive/acceptIvereceivedherinvitationtothepartybutIdidntacceptitbecauseImbusy.辨析sothatso・・・.・that••such-•That-••sothat=inorderthatheworkshardsothathecanmakemoremoney.such修饰强调名词such+a/an+adj+n+that从句Maryissuchayounggirlthatshecantgotoschool.such+adj+不可数名词、复数名词+that从句3so修饰强调adj或adv.so+adj/adv+that从句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutalltheproblems.4当名词由manymuchfewlittle修饰时,只能用SOsomany/few+可数名词复数+that从句somuch/little+不可数名词+that从句TherearesomuchtimethatIcanplaywithfriends.加动词原形来表达,例如IusedtogofishingonSundays.2“usedto”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态例如Thisriverusedtobeclean.⑶一般将来时的用法1表示将来的动作或状态例如Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态例如HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺,命令等时常用will征求对方意见,主语是第一人称时,常用shallIwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor4be+going+动词不定式也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近或将来要作的某事IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.5be+动词不定式表示有职责,义务,可能,约定意图等Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.too---to--•=not-•enoughto••.=so-•that-•短语bewillingtodosthbesimilartoitseemsthat-••seemtodosthholdonto.accordingto定语从句详见Unit6-71一般情况下,that可指人,也可指物,可代替whowhomwhich;但不能和介词搭配Which指物whowhomwhose指人where指某地when指某时Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeoplehealth.liketheplaceswherepeoplearefriendly.掌握that的几种特殊用法详见书上3掌握whomwhich与介词的用法中考英语复习资料
3.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分.在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于inwhichatwhichforwhich或atwhichAttitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythatinwhichattitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处Ilikethemusicforthevetyreasonthatforwhichhedislikeit我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反Wearrivedthedaythatonwhichtheyleft.刚好我们到的那天他们走了.有时as也可用作关系代词.在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that而用whowhom代表人,用which代表事物6)beabout+动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事Theyareabouttoleave.⑷现在进行时的用法1)现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作,它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束WhatareyoudoingnowIamlookingformykey.2)现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3)某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有arrivecomeleavestart等TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态
①表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如behave
②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词如knowthinkhearfindseelikewantwishprefer等o⑸现在完成时的用法1)现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.2)现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态现在完成时常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用Wehavelivedheresince
1976.Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用试比较Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)⑹过去进行时的用法表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作例如IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实,例如Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.(上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知)Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.(上个月建造好了,动作已经完成)⑺过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态,过去完成时常和bybefore等词组成的短语和从句连用Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestationtheyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.
(8)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中例如Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.
2.动词的语态语态有两种主动语态和被动语态主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态⑴被动语态1)被动语态最基本的句型结构是be+及物动词过去分词2)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者,某些短语动词如lookafterthinkoftakecareofworkoutlaughat等,也可用于被动语态Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏3)主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加too此类动词为感官动词如feelhearhelplistentolookatmakeobserveseenoticewatch等例如Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).4)主动形式表示被动意义如washcleanlookcutsellreadwearfeeldrawwritesell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义例如:Thefoodtastesgood.
3.非谓语动词对非谓语动词的考点是感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带t,但变为被动语态时就要带to;有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同这些都是历年中考的重点⑴非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式⑵不定式作宾语补足语Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.3不定式作目的状语Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.4用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动词有感官动词如seehearlooknoticeobservefeel等,使役动词如havemakeleavekeepget等接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了强调我看见了这个事实Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(强调我见他正干活这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活⑸用不带to不定式的情况使役动词如lethavemake等和感官动词如seewatchhearlistentosmellfeelfind等后作宾补,省略to在被动语态中则to不能省掉⑹接动名词与不定式意义不同stoptodo停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事forgettodo忘记要去做某事(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事(已做)remembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)trytodo努力,企图做某事trydoing试验,试着做某事goontodo做了一件事后,接着做另一件事goondoing继续做原来做的事meantodo打算、想meandoing意味着
4.容易混淆的常用动词的辨析
(1)sayspeaktalktell的用法。