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Book2Unit4StageandscreenUsinglanguageLearningAims:MasterthebasicformofadverbialofpresentparticipleUseitflexiblyinthecontextofthetheme课前预习现在分词是非谓语动词的一种,兼有动词和形容词的特征,在句中可作表语,定语,宾语补足语和状语,一般表示进行或主动的意思现在分词用作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,现在分词所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系【感知语法规律】©TurningaroundIsawacardrivingup.
②Havingsentherchildtobedshebegantoreadthenewspaper.
③NotknowinghistelephonenumberIcouldntgetintouchwithhim.
④Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.©Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.【自主发现】L句
①为-ing形式的一般式作状语当-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,用一般式.句
②为-ing形式的完成式作状语当-ing形式的动作先发生而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用完成式.句
③为-ing形式的否定式作状语-ing形式的否定式是在它的前面加note.句
④为-ing形式的主动式表示非谓语动词和句子的主语分词的逻辑主语之间为关系.句
⑤为-ing形式的被动式表示非谓语动词和句子的主语分词的逻辑主语之间为关系【即时训练】用所给词的适当形式填空
①Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindowsmakeairconditioningunnecessary.
②workforthreehourshetookarest.
③spendnearlyallourmoneywecouldntaffordtostayatahotel.
④seenobodyathomehedecidedtoleavethemanote.
⑤tellforseveraltimeshestillcouldntunderstandtherules.课内探究
一、动词的-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等1时间状语动词的-ing形式作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生,有时可由连词whenwhileafter引出Hearingtheresult=WhenIheardtheresultIcouldnthelpjumping.听到这个结果,我不禁跳了起来Havingmadefullpreparations=Afterwehavemadefullpreparationswearereadyfortheexamination.做了充分的准备之后,我们准备好参加考试1分析句式Seeingthepolicehemadearunfortheexit.一看到警察,他就朝出口奔去分析see的动作是由其逻辑主语“”发出,与句子的主语一致,且构成—关系,所以用现在分词2将下面的时间状语从句改写成简单句Whenhewalkedoutoftheroomhesawadog..原因状语可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换Beingsoexcited=Ashewassoexcitedhecouldntgotosleepthatnight.由于非常激动,那晚他无法入睡Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears=SinceIhadlivedinthecityformanyyearsIknewitwell.因为在这个城市住了许多年,所以我对它很了解1分析句式Beingillhedidntgotoschoolyesterday.因为生病了,他昨天没有上学是Hedidntgotoschool的原因be的和-是一致动关系.2翻译句子由于不识路,他迷路了Ashehegotlost.=hegotlost..条件状语可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换Workinghardatyourlessons=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessonsyouwillsucceed.如果你努力学习,就会成功Notmakinggooduseofthetime=Ifyoudontmakegooduseofthetimeyou511regret.如果不好好利用时间,你会后悔的⑴theleftyouwillseeaschool.若是你左转,你就会看到一所学校⑵翻译句子努力学习,我们就会取得好成绩Ifwewewillgetgoodresults.=.方式或伴随状语不可以转换成从句,但可以转换成并列句Thegirlscameintotheclassroomsinginganddancing=andtheysanganddanced.女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室Istoodtherewaitingforher.=Istoodthereandwaitedforher.我站在那儿等她用现在分词作状语的结构翻译下列句子1请你用另一种方式I回答问题useanotherway2他躺在草地上,凝望天空Helayonthegrassandthesky.5结果状语翥示必然焉结果,它常常位于句末,可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句,有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句Hisparentsgotkilledintheearthquakeleavinghimanorphan=andlefthimanorphan/whichlefthimanorphan.他的父母在地震中丧生,使他成了孤儿翻译句子他出国了,留给他叔叔一间大房子Hewentabroadandhisuncleabighouse.=Hewentabroadhisuncleabighouse.Notes:现在分词作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时,通常可以转换成个并列的句
6.让步状语可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换Knowingallthis=Althoughtheyknewallthistheystillmademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失Havingmadeupmymind=ThoughIhadmadeupmymindIstillwantedtoplay.尽管我已下定决心,我仍然想玩翻译句子虽然知道它很难,我也不放弃AlthoughIIdontgiveup.=Idontgiveup.
二、动词・iiig形式作状语的注意事项•逻辑主语缶词-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语,它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系OBeingillhedidntattendthewedding.因为生病,他没有出席婚礼he与beingill是逻辑上的主谓关系-Hewasill..独立结构有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语,这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的,因此又叫独立主格结构,其构成形式是“名词/代词+v.-ing一Shebeingillhermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了母亲不得不在家照顾她Theweatherbeingfinewewentoutforawalk.由于天气好,我们去散步了.独立成分作状语有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,表明说话者的态度、观点等,被称为评论性状语常见的有generallyspeaking一般说来strictlyspeaking严格说来judgingfrom/by根据来判断considering.../taking...intoconsideration考虑到……supposing假设;如果providing如果assuming假使GenerallyspeakingasaforeignlanguageChineseismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.一般说来,作为一门外语,汉语要比英语更难学.连词+现在分词由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成“连词+现在分词”的结构形式Thoughlackingmoneyhisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.=Thoughtheylackedmoneyhisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.尽管他父母缺钱,但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了注意非谓语动词作状语的区别SeeingfromthetopofthemountainIcanhaveagoodviewofthecity.Seenfromthetopofthemountainthecityismorethanbeautiful.Toseethewholecityweclimbedtothetopofthemountain.观察以上句子中的划线部分,你会发现done做状语时,与句子的主语为;doing做状语,与句子的主语是;todo作状语表目的,常翻译为“:当堂检测
一、现在分词作状语——根据句意,判断状语类别Seeingthepolicehemadearunfortheexit.Beingwelltakencareofsherecoveredsoon.Itwilltakeyouhalfanhourtogettothestationallowingfortrafficdelays.Havingbeentoldmanytimeshestillmadethesamemistakes.Theteachercametothelabridinghisoldbike.Shesatatthedeskreadingaloud.Heworkedharddayandnightmakinghisdreamcometrue.
二、单句语法填空.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreetturntheoldtownintoadreamland..buythreeticketsIinvitedthemtoseetheplay.TonylentmethemoneyhopethatIwoulddoasmuchforhim.standinalongqueuewewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewiPad.gatheraroundthefirethetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.Notseebyanyonethethiefescaped.Nothearfromhimshedecidedtowriteanother.
三、完成课本练习略巩固提升
一、用・ing形式改写下列句子Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.一Themantheteacherishisfather.WhilehewaswaitingforthebushereadacopyofChinaDaily.—While9hereadacopyofChinaDaily.Hermotherdiedin1990andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.一Hermotherdiedin1990withheryoungerbrother.Ifyouuseyourheadyouwillfindaway.—youwillfindaway.
二、.补全句子.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题,他求助老师thedifficultphysicsproblemheaskedtheteacherforhelp..如果转向左边,你将找到通向公园的小道youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark..虽然那块石头重将近一百斤,他一个人就把它挪动了jinthestonewasmovedbyhimalone.4•他们的车遇上交通阻塞,因而耽误了Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjamthus.
5.那些孩子们跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着Thechildrenranoutoftheroommerrily.。