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2023届高考英语语法二轮讲义名词性从句精讲#1名词从句(主从、宾从、表从、同从)在英文中,名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分主语、宾语、表语和同位语如果我们把句子当作名词来用,分别在另一个句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语,于是构成了四种从句主语从句、宾涪从句、表语从句和同位语从句因为这四种从句在本质上相当于名词的作用,所以我们把它们统称为名词从句一\四类名词从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句
二、三种句子来充当四种成分我们可以用什么样的句子来充当四种成分呢?充当这四种成分,我们可以用三种句子陈述句?一般疑问句或特殊疑问句(名词从句的本质)引导名词从句的常用连词:
三、陈述句充当四种句子成分1主语从句把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在主语位置即构成主语从句Englishisdifficult.ThatEnglishisdifficultisnotmyidea.有人认为英语很难,我可不这么认为更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首,而将主语从句放在句末,例如Itisashamethatyoudidnotpassthetest.你没通过这考试真遗憾常见的主语从句句型
①Itis+过去分词+that从句:that...portedthat...据才艮道that...enerallythoughtthat...人们普遍认为that...beenfoundthat…现已发现可以这么用的动词有sayexpectknowestimateforecast等
②Itis+形容词+that从句:that...learthat...显然Itispossiblethat.・.彳艮可能that...ecessarythat...有必要3ltis+名词短语+that从句Itisapitythat…可借的是that...nhonorthat...真荣幸that...ybeliefthat...我相信apityashameanhonoragoodideanowonder等等2宾语从句把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在宾语位置即构成宾语从句A.Ithinkthatyouareright.b.Weknowthattheworldisround.只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去,主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不要省去3表语从句把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在表语位置即构成表语从句Myideaisthatthechildshouldbesenttoschool.我认为这孩子应该送到学校去上学4同位语从句把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在同位语位置即构成同位语从句所谓同位语,就是用来补充说明名词的成分,当我们用一个完整的陈述句来补充名词时,即构成同位语从句所以同位语从句都是位于一个名词后边,形式上便构成“名词+that+陈述句”,a.Hewaspreparedtoprovehistheorythattwodifferentweightswouldfalltothegroundatthesametime.他想证明他的这一理论两个不同重量的物体将同时落地
四、一般疑问句可分别充当四种句子成分一般疑问句要变成陈述句,并且用whether/if来引导主语从句Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifferencetome.宾语从句Idontknowif/whetherheneedsmyhelp.表语从句Myconcerniswhetherhecomesornot.4同位语从句Theyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetowork.If还是whetherif一般只用于引导宾语从句,而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句a.ifhecomesornotmakesnodifference.*不用if弓I导主语从句b.Thequestionisifhewillcome.*不用if引导表语从句if…orornot直接连用,即一般不说ifornot但可以说if...ornoto而whether没有此限制a.Idontknowifornothecomes.*b.ldontknowwhetherornothecomes.
五、特殊疑问句可分别充当四种句子成分特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序,而不用倒装语序Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.Whyherefusedtocooperateusisstillamystery.主语从句Whathetoldyouistrue.他告诉你的是真的宾语从句havenotdecidedwhomIshouldvotefor.表语从句Thepointiswhosebookisthemostinteresting.4同位语从句Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.总结名词从句可简单概括为这样一句话用三种句子来分别充当另外一个句子的四种成分这里的三种句子是陈述句、一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句四种成分是主语、宾语、表语和同位语课后练习单项选择.NooneknowsexactlyA.howdidspeechbeginB.howspeechbeganC.howthebeginningofspeechD.ofhowbeginningspeech.ltisobviousonmoreimportantthings.A.whichthemoneyshouldwespendB.whatthemoneyshouldwespendC.thatthemoneyshouldwespendD.thatweshouldspendthemoney.hardwaterdoesnotmixwellwithsoap.A.Thatisawell-knownfactB.Thatisawell-knownfactinwhichC.ltisawell-knownfactthatD.ltisawell-knownthat.wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinterestedhimreally
5.Stoppingpouringpollutedwaterintotheriveristhefactoryhastosolveatpresent.A.whatB.thatB.thatC.whichD.why.Ahingejointispermitstheforwardandbackwardmovementofadoor.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where.ScientistshavereachedtheconclusionthetemperatureonEarthisgettinghigherandhigher.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as.themassofthenucleusisslightlylessthanthetotalmassoftheprotonsandneutronswhichmadeupthenucleus.A.ltfoundthattwasfoundthatC.ltwasfoundforD.ltfindsthat.Hewondered.A.whatwillbehiswifesreactionB.whatwouldhiswifesreactionbeC.howwouldbehiswifesreactionD.whathiswifesreactionwouldbe.AftertheaccidentIopenedmyeyesslowlyandrealizedlwasstillalive.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which答案BDCBAABBDA陈述句TheEarthisround.ThattheEarthisroundisafact.(陈述句作主语,构成主语从句)一般疑问句Doesheneedmyhelp1dontknowifheneedsmyhelp.(一般问句作宾语,构成宾语从句)特殊疑问句Wheredidhego1dontknowwherehewent.(特殊疑问句作宾语,构成宾语从句)连词that对应于陈述句that在从句中不作成分连词whetherif对应于一般疑问句whetherif在从句中不作成分连接副词whenwherewhyhow;连接代词whowhomwhatwhichwhose对应于特殊疑向句whenwherewhyhow作状语;whowhomwhat作主语、宾语或表语;whichwhose作定语,后面接名词连用。