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定语从句学案(另附50道定语从句单句语法填空题)
一、定语从句的定义定语用来修饰名词代词的形容词等主要是形容词从句从句是相对于主句而言的从句一定有连接词引导Iwaslateforclassbecausemyclockdidntgooff.定语从句用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句也叫形容词性从句PS:定语从句可以翻译出一个“的”字
二、定语从句的结构主句含有被修饰的名词丽百引导词+修饰名词的句子ThisisabookthatIboughtonline.主句中被修饰的名词叫做先行词,连接主句和从句的连词叫做关系词
三、定语从句的功能定语从句用来修饰限定一个名词或者代词主要是限定所指人或事物的范围强调哪个(种)人,哪个(种)物Ihaveabook.我有一本书(泛指)Ihaveabook(thatIboughtonline).我有一本网上买的书(指明这本书是网上买的,而不是其他地方来的言外之意他还有一些其他地方来的书)
四、定语从句的分类和区别没有遑号隔开没有指明*个(钟)人.W个(种)物.只是,卜克说明.刷除后句意不受射响・Hehasasisterwhoisadoctor.他有一个当医生的姐姐(不止一个姐姐)Hehasasisterwhoisadoctor.他有一个姐姐是一名医生(只有一个姐姐)
五、关系词的分类根据关系词在从句中是否充当基本成分可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词
六、关系词的使用规则.先行词为物,只能使用that不能使用which的情况当先行词为不定代词:allbothneithernoneeitheranyeverythingnothingsomethinganythingmuchmanyfewafewlittlealittle.2当先行词被allbothsomenoeveryanyeachmuch等修饰时;3当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰;4当先行词被theonlytheverythelastthesame修饰;5当先行词即有人又有物时下列分别属于哪一条规则Ihavetakendowneverythingthattheteachersaid.Ihavetakendownallthatisimportant.Allthebooksthatyouboughtareinteresting.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ShoppingistheonlythingthatIwanttodo.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthingsthatweremember..先行词为物,只能用which不能用that的情况只能用which的情况介词后面,逗号后面1介词后面,指物的关系代词只能用which;Thehouseinwhichweliveisfarfromschool.Thepaintingfbrwhichhepaid$1000wasonceownedbyabusinessman.2逗号后面,指物的关系代词只能用whichIliveinKunmingwhichisthecapitalofYunnanprovince.Thebigreddogwhichwasveryoldnowbecameillanddied.3上下文出现that避免重复使用which♦练一练
1.Doyouhaveanythingyouwanttosayforyourself
2.Thesportsmeetingwasputoffastonishedme.
3.Allthepresentsyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.
4.ThisisthebestfilmPveeverseen.
5.ThisistheverybusPmwaitingfbr.
6.Itlookslikethesamebookyouboughtinthebookstore.
7.Heisalwaysthefirstmancomestoclassroom.
8.Thebuildinginshelivedwasdemolished.
9.Wedependonthelandfromwecangetourfood.
10.Wedependonthelandwecangetourfoodfrom.
11.Shewonthefirstprizewasmorethanweexpected.
12.Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.
13.Thefilmwasshowedlastnightwasverymoving.
14.Hisfatherpassedawayyesterdaycameasasuddenshock..只能使用who不能使用that的情况1当先行词为人称代词heshetheyonesanyonenobody等.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2当先行词为指示代词时:thosethese;Thosewhoareeasilycontentarealwayshappy.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.3当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时;Peoplewhoworkhardarealwaysfortunate.4非限制性定语从句中Hehasasisterwhoisateacher.♦练一练
1.Doyouknowanyonecansolvethisproblem
2.1admirethosearehonestbravediligent.
3.Theyareaudienceareinvitedtowatchthisplay.
4.HeisthebestmanPveeverknown.
5.Heisalwaysthelastoneleavesthedormitory.
6.Sheisalwaysthelastonegoesbacktothedormitory..关系代词的省略问题非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词,不可省略关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略,非限制性定语从句中不能省Ilikethebookwhichyougiveme.(非限制定从作宾语,不能省which)Ilikethebook(that/which)yougiveme.(限制定从作宾语,可省that/which).非限制性定语从句中,代人作主语只能用who作宾语用who(m)均可,但是whom更为正式,很少用于口语代物只能用which作主语或宾语,不能用that指的是某样东西,或者前面提到的一整件事Iliketeacherswhoarehumorous.(代人做主语,不能用that)Iliketeacherswho(m)Icanaskfbrhelp.(代人作宾语,whowhom均可)Ilikethisbookwhichyougiveme.(代物作宾语,指的是书)Hemademistakesagainwhichmadetheheadteacherangry.(代物做主语,指一整件事).如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中whose也可以放在介词后面inwhosecar;fromwhosebookoIliketheroomwhosewindowfoceseast.(房间的窗子)Iwenttohelphimwhosemoneygotlost.(他的钱)IvisitedmyuncleinwhosehouseIspentthesummervacation..非限制性定语从句中,如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时,我们要用(allbotheachmanymostneithernonepartsome基数词,序数词,最高级)+ofwhich/whom0TheyaremystudentsthreeofwhomarefromBeijing.Ihavetenbooksallofwhichareinteresting..介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人),不能用that或者whoHeismyfriendwithwhomIsharemyhappiness.ThisisareferencebookwithoutwhichIcouldntpasstheexam.练一练
1.1dontthinkthathewillcometoseememakesmesad.
2.Thisisthescientistachievementsarewellknown.
3.Heisafamousstaringardenliesaswimmingpool.
4.Helivedinabighouseinfrontofstoodabigtalltree.
5.Inthedarkstreettherewasntasinglepersontoshecouldturnfbrhelp..什么时候用关系副词?当先行词在从句中不作基本成分(主、宾、表),而且先行词表示时间地点和原因,在从句中作状语翻译分别为when(在那个时候)、where(在那个地方)、why(因为这样)why的先行词一定是reasonoCirclethetwoclubswherethesetwoconversationshappened.(Pl2)IwenttomyuncleshousewhereIspentmyvacation.Nooneinmodemtimesknewaboutthetombuntil1974whensomefarmersdiscoveredthetomb.(P30)Therewasatimewhenthetwobrotherswalkedtoschool.Myclockdidntgooff.ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslatefbrclass..注意当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语,不作基本成分时,要用whereo该类词有pointcaseactivitysystemsituationpositionstageoccasionjobraceletterplatformemailenvironmentatmosphere等IjoinedalotofactivitieswhereIlearntalot.Hegaveuphisfirstjobwherehesufferedalot.♦练一练
1.1stillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.
2.1stillrememberthedayswespenttogether.
3.Canyoutellmetheofficeheworks
4.Theyhavereachedthepointtheyhavetoseparate.
5.Doyouknowthereasonheisabsent
6.Hesillbadly.Thisisheisabsent.
7.Heislatefbrschoolagain.Thisishisalarmclockdidntgooff..as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有thesame...as;as…as;such…as;so…asIhavethesamepenasyouhave.Iliveasbusyalifeasyoudo.Ilivesuchabusylifeasyoudo..as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容,从句可置于句首,句中或句尾译为“正如”asisknowntoall众所周知asisoftenthecase这是常有的事asmight/couldbeexpected正如人们所预料的ashasbeensaidbefore正如前面所说的ashasbeenmentionedabove正如上面所提到的ashasbeenpointedout正如所指出的ascanbeimagined正如所设想的那样ascanbeseenfromthesefigures正如所看到的那样asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样aswillbeshown正如…所示AseveryoneknowsChinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.♦练一练
1.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsusedintheirfactory.
2.ThisbookisnotsuchIexpected.
3.1havethesamebookhehas.
4.Itlookslikethesamebookhegaveme.
5.1hopeyouwillliveasfullandpositivealifeIdo.
6.youseetheChinesepeoplearehardworking.
7.Jackhasonfirstpriceisoftenthecase.
13.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别定语从句语法填空专项练习附参考答案I.请用定语从句的关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that、as和关系副词whenwherewhy填空Thisisthepersonweweretalkingtoyesterday.Thisisthepersontoweweretalkingyesterday.Therearelotsofpeopleintheroomtwothirdsofarestudents.Hepassedthemathexamcameasasurprisetous.WhoistheguyisstandingoverthereHeapproachedtheoldladyremainedsilentforquitealongtime.Thepeopleweretrappedundertheruinswerefinallyhelpedoutbytherescueworkers.Astheearthbegantoshakeafewpeoplewereawakedivedunderatableorotherheavypieceoffurniture.ThebookIreadjustnowwaswrittenbyO.Henry.Theearthquakehappenedat2:28P.M.flattenedWenchuaninafewseconds.Hewonthefirstprizeinthecontestmadeherparentsveryhappy.Forthosecametotheearthquake-strickenareasrescueworkwasabigchallenge.Thelittlegirlandthebigreddogyousawinthepaintingwereverycute.Hewastheonlypersonwasinvitedtotheparty.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsIhaveseeninthepastfewmonths.Theengineerwithmyfatherusedtoworkpassedawayyesterday.Ihadnointerestinallhesaidlastnight.Thereisnothingintheworldyoucannotfaceorovercome.Thee-mailisfrommybrotherisworkinginShenzhen.Theytalkedalotaboutthepeopleandthethingstheyrememberedinthedistantvillage.Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetheronthecoast.Istillrememberthedayswehadtowalkalongwaytofetchsomedrinkingwater.Thisisthefactorywevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactoryheusedtoworkfortenyears.Theoldschoolhestudiedforthreeyearswasdemolishedlastmonth.Theoldschoolwepaidavisittolastyearwasdemolishedlastmonth.Theoldschoolwevisitedlastyearwasdemolishedlastmonth.Pleaselendmethebookyoureferredtotheotherday.PleaselendmethebookthetitleofistheOldManandtheSea.PleaselendmethebooktitleistheOldManandtheSea.TheyarrivedattheChinaMobileTowerinfrontofisawindmill.Thisisthereasonhewasabsentfromschoolyesterday.Thisisthereasonheexplainedatthemeeting.Thereasonshecamelatewasthatshewasstuckinthetraffic.Thereasonshegaveyouyesterdayisacceptable.Thethirdseasonofayearisautumnismybelovedseason.Thethirdseasonofayearisautumntheleavesbegintofall.AnywaythateveningIwilltellyoumoreaboutlaterIendedupstayingatthehotel.SummerholidaystheyplantospendinYunnanarearoundthecomer.Gonearethedaystheyhadtoworkdayandnighttoearntheirliving.weallknowTaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.isoftenthecasehescoredthefirstplaceinthehighjump.Sheisnotsuchagirlsheusedtobe.Istudiedinthesameschoolshedidinthecountryside.TheearthismovingaroundtheSunweallknow.Iwanttohavesuchasmartphonehehas.ThisisthesamepenIboughtyesterdaybutitisMarys.ThisisthesamepenIboughtyesterdayanditismine.Icaughtsightofthehouseroofwasblownawaybythetyphoonlastnight.Heisanorphanparentsbothdiedintheterribleearthquake.参考答案:位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以位于主句前面,中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,而which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后意义不同意义不同(as“正如,就像”表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义,即从句与主句语义一致当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which)o结构不同结构不同(as常用于一些固定结构中,类似插入语,而which常用于which+谓语+宾语/宾补结构
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