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考研外语考前冲刺试卷13
一、UseofEnglish1Agreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarningcoloursthatistosaythecolourationwarnseverycreaturethattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk臭鼬isoneofthebest1ofthiswithhisbrilliantblackandwhitefur.Hewalks2eveninbroaddaylightandshowsno3whenheseesyou.Heheavily4hisfeetandputshis5upintheairdaringyounottocome6closer.Andifyoudon,ttake7ofthewarninghewillsprayyouwithhisevil-smelling8andnoanimalthathasbeen9byaskunkwillletithappen10IntheReptileHouseatazooyouwillprobablyfindacase11ofsmalltreefrogs.Nowagreat12ofcreaturesliketoeatfrogsandsosomefrogsasa13canoozeoutasubstanceontheirskin14makesthemtastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded15brightwarningcolourslikeorangeredyellowandbrightgreen.Thisofcoursemakesthem16likebrightly-colouredsweetsandrathergoodto17buttheD.nottomakeunpredictablepauses6^WASHINGTOND.C.一ThethreatofballisticmissilesfromcountriessuchasIranandNorthKoreacouldmaterializewithlittlewarningaCongressionalpanelofdefenseexpertsreportedtoday.ThatconclusiondiffersfromearlierassessmentsbytheU.S.intelligencecommunityandtheClintonAdministrationwhichhaveconcludedthatanewthreattoU.S.territoryisatleastadecadeoff.Thepanel一calledtheCommissiontoAssesstheBallisticMissileThreattotheUnitedStates一wassetupbytheNationalDefenseAuthorizationActof1997andfirstmetinJanuary
1998.Itsninepolicymakers;technologistsandseniormilitaryofficialshadunprecedentedaccesstothemostsensitiveandhighlyclassifiedinformationsaidpanelchairpersonDonaldRumsfieldaformersecretaryofdefenseatapressconferencehere.Thepanelfoundthatliberalizedexportcontrolsincreasedinternationalexchangesofstudentsandscientificpersonnelandleaksofclassifiedinformationhaveresultedinmassivetechnologytransferbothfromdevelopednationstoroguenationsandbetweenthosecountriesthemselves.Moreoverpotentialaggressorscouldminimizethetechnicalchallengebysettlingformissileswithlimitedaccuracyorreliability.ThereportwarnsthatnationswithScudmissiletechnologysuchasIrancouldtestalong-rangemissilewithinabout5yearsfromdecidingtopursuesuchaprogram.NorthKoreaalsohasthetechnologyforproducingbiologicalweaponsthepanelnoted.TestflightsoftheirmissilesthatwouldbeabletoreachpartsofHawaiiandAlaskacouldtakeplacewithin6monthsofadecision.BecauseoftheUnitedNationsarmsinspectionshoweverIraqislaggingbehindandwouldtake10yearsfrominitiatinganefforttoposingamissilethreattotheUnitedStates.SpeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichcalledthereportthemostimportantwarningaboutournationalsecuritysincetheendoftheColdWarandurgedtheestablishmentofabipartisanbicameralcommitteetoworkwiththeAdministrationtodecide:futurepolicy.AWhiteHousespokespersonwasnoncommittalsayingthatthereport,srecommendationsonintelligenceanalysiswouldbetakenintoaccountbutthattheadministrationstoodbyitsMarchintelligenceassessment.ThatreportconcludedthatitisunlikelythatcountriesotherthanRussiaChinaorNorthKoreacoulddeployaballisticmissilecapableofreachinganypartoftheUnitedStatesbefore
2022.TheU.S.intelligencecommunityandtheClintonAdministrationthinkthatA.theU.S.willnotbeattackedbymissileinthenearfutureB.othercountriesmayattacktheU.S.withmissilerightaftertheydeclarewartheU.S.mayhawasuddenmissileattacktheU.S.willneverbeattackedbymissileTheword〃classifiedinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeansarrangedinclassesofficiallysecrettraditionalpublicWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheCommissiontoAssessTheBallisticMissileThreattotheUnitedStatesA.Itcameintobeingin1997tismadeupofpolicy-makerstechnologistsandseniormilitaryofficialsC.ItsmemberscangetthehighlyclassifiedinformationD.ItschairmanDonaldRumsfieldnowisalsothesecretaryofdefenseFromthethirdparagraphweknowthatIranhasthetechnologyofproducingScudmissilesomecountriescouldsendlong-rangemissilerightaftertheydecidetodosoIraqcannotbecomeamissilethreattoAmericanowbothAandCAccordingtothelastparagraphwhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueA.ThespeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichthinkstheUS.shouldpayattentiontothereportHethinksacommitteeshouldbesetuptoworkoutsolutionsforthemissilethreatTheWhiteHousespokespersondidnotofferaclearanswertothereport.RussiaChinaandNorthKoreaareunlikelytosendamissilereachingtheUSterritorybefore202211WhoknowsbetterthanyourcustomerswhereyouroperationscanbeimprovedTodayprogressivefirmsincreasinglyrelyonadvisorycouncilstosuggestimprovementsrecommendactionandofferfeedbackonprogramsandpolicies.Infactmanycompaniesfeelthatthisformofcommunicationisvitaltothecontinuousimprovementoftheirbusinessoperations.Acouncilamongotherthingsimprovescommunicationandspursimprovementofoperations.Rememberthatthesecrettosuccessisdialogue一theexchangeofideasandopinions.Focusonproblemsyourcustomershave.Spelloutyourgoalsandobjectives.Eachmeetingshouldhaveaspecificobjectivetoaccomplish.Determinethemeetingsfrequency.Ifyouwanttoimplementastrategicplananannualmeetingmaybeenough.Ifyouwanttofocusonoperationalissuesmoremeetingsmaybeneeded.Agoodcouncilwillhavenomorethan12peoplewithhalfofthemembersfromyourcompanyandhalfyourcustomers.Itshouldalsohavediversityinitsmembership.Membersshouldservefromonetothreeyears-rotationofmembershipwillensurethecouncildoesntbecomestale.Findanapproximatemeetingsitewhetheritsin-houseoroffsitewheretherewillbenointerruptions.Youshouldpayforalltheexpensesrelatedtothemeeting-rememberthecouncilmembersareprovidingyourcompanywithaservice.Treatthemasyourguestsandyourexperts.Ifyouhaveafixedbeginningandendingtimetoyourmeetingsticktoit.Whenstructuringthemeetingrememberthe80720problem-solvingrule.Structurethemeetingsothat20percentofthetimeisspentidentifyingordiscussingaproblemand80percentofthetimeisspentdesigningasolution.Oftenitishelpfultohaveapersonactastimekeeperandannouncewhentheagendatimeforaparticularitemhasexpired.Howeverduringthemeetingbeflexible.Thefacilitatorcanallowthegrouptodecidewhethertomoveontothenextitemorextendthediscussion.Asyougoalonglooktonarrowthedifferencesamongmembersandformaconsensus.Asthemeetingclosessummarizewhatwasaccomplishedcheckingforagreementandcommitmentamongthemembers.Makeadetailedlistofthefollow-upitemswhohasresponsibilityforeachitemandatimelineforcompletion.Theresultsfromreallylisteningtoandlearningfromyourcustomersinawell-runadvisorycouncilcanpayhugedividends.WhydoesthewriterputthesuggestionthatadvisorycouncilsshouldbesetupBecausetheycaninfluencebusinessoperationsbecausebusinessimprovementsdependoncommunicationwiththemBecausetheyareheavilyreliedonbyprosperouscompaniesBecausegoalsandobjectivesaresetoutbythem
12、WhatseemstobethemostimportantthingyouhavetodecideonbeforeameetingstartsA.ThelengthoftheagendaB.ThefrequencyofthemeetingsC.AspecificobjectivetoaccomplishD.OperationalissuesWhichofthefollowingisexcludedamongthesuggestedrequirementsforthemake-upofanidealcouncil50to50representationfromthecompanyanditscustomersrespectivelyChangeablemembershipMembersofdifferenttypesMembersshouldmovearoundformoresuggestionsWhoshouldpayfortheexpensesofthemeetingsandwhyCouncilmembersshouldbecausetheyspendallthemoneyThecompanyshouldbecauseitwillprofitfromthemCustomersshouldbecausetheyreaptheprofitintheendD.Theorganizersshouldbecauseitistheirresponsibility
15、Whatisthemainprincipletobeobservedinfollowingtheprocedures-A.FlexibilityB.StrictnessC.PracticalityUnderstanding16AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendlycourteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.TobefairthisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadiansandshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereareofcourseexceptions.Small-mindedofficialsrudewaitersandill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeand{nmanypartsofthecountryatravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourceofdiversionandbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingaloneifhungryinjuredorilloftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement..Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylifeifyoudidn,ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhimtherewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomedayrememberyoumightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.YettheoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUSespeciallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.〃IwasjusttravelingthroughgottalkingwiththisAmericanandprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner一amazing.z,SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommonbutarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificialbutastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.AsistrueofanydevelopedsocietyinAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.Andofcoursespeakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.ForexamplewhenanAmericanusesthewordfriend”theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitorslanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.YetbeingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.IntheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworldA.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheU.S.small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscommentCanadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighborsmostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp
17、ItcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatA.cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipB.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarebirdsandanimalsintheforesthavelearnt18bitterexperiencethatthesefrogsarethe19thattastestheworstandsotheyleavethem
20.creaturethingexamplewarning
2、2aboutonoutover
3、⑶colourdangerfearsign
4、4A.stampsB.changesC.beatsD.movesinterrelatedvariousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriendssocialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventionsFamiliesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangersA.toimprovetheirhardlifeinviewoftheirlong-distancetraveltoaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylifeD.outofacharitableimpulseThetraditionofhospitalitytostrangerstendstobesuperficialandartificialisgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStatesisalwaysunderstoodproperlyhassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrailsTheword〃superficial”Para.4mightmeanA.thoroughandprofoundB.morethanisneededC.onthesurfaceonlyD.contemptuouslyindifferent21PartB10pointsInthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA、C、D、E、F、Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.10pointsIfyousmokeandyoustilldon,tbelievethattheresadefinitelinkbetweensmokingandbronchialtroublesheartdiseaseandlungcancerthenyouarecertainlydeceivingyourself.Noonewillaccuseyouofhypocrisy.Letusjustsaythatyouaresufferingfromabadcaseofwishfulthinking.Thisneedn,tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouareingoodcompany.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthisraisedthegovernmentsofmostcountrieshearnoevilseenoevilandsmellnoevil.Admittedlyafewgovernmentshavetakentimidmeasures.
41.
42.Theanswerissimplymoney.Tobaccoisawonderfulcommoditytotax.Itsalmostlikeataxonourdailybread.IntaxrevenuealonethegovernmentofBritaincollectsenoughfromsmokerstopayforitsentireeducationalfacilities.Sowhiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmokingmayconceivablybeharmfulitdoesntdotoshouttooloudlyaboutit.Thisissurelythemostshort-sightedpolicyyoucouldimagine.
43.Enormousamountsarespentoncancerresearchandoneffortstocurepeoplesufferingfromthedisease.Countlessvaluablelivesarelost.Inthelongrunthereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebannedaltogether.Ofcoursewearenotreadyforsuchadrasticaction.Butifthegovernmentsoftheworldwerehonestlyconcernedaboutthewelfareoftheirpeoplesyoudthinkthey,dconductaggressiveanti-smokingcampaigns.Farfromit!Thetobaccoindustryisallowedtospendstaggeringsumsonadvertising.Itsadvertisingisasinsidiousasitisdishonest.Wearenevershownpicturesofrealsmokerscoughinguptheirlungsearlyinthemorning.Thatwouldneverdo.
44.
45.Smokingshouldbebannedinallpublicplacesliketheatrescinemasandrestaurants.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedireconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Ahorrificwarning-sayapictureofadeathsheadshouldbeincludedineverypacketofcigarettesthatissold.Asindividualswearecertainlyweakbutifgovernmentsactedhonestlyandcourageouslytheycouldprotectusfromourselves.Forastartgovernmentscouldbeginbybanningallcigaretteandtobaccoadvertisingandshouldthenconductanti-smokingadvertisingcampaignsoftheirown.Youdon,thavetolookveryfartofindoutwhytheofficialreactionstomedicalfindingshavebeensolukewarm.Ifsmokingisbannedinourlifesomeeconomistswouldworryaboutagreatlossincigaretteseconomy.Whilemoneyiseagerlycollectedinvastsumswithonehanditispaidoutinincreasinglyvastersumswiththeother.Theadvertisementalwaysdepictsvirileclean-shavenyoungmen.Theysuggestitismanlytosmokeevenpositivelyhealthy!Smokingisassociatedwiththegreatopen-airlifewithbeautifulgirlstrueloveandtogetherness.Whatutternonsense!Smokingisdiscouragedamongthestudentsatailofourcollegesthesubjectofsmokingandhealthiswidelydiscussedthere.InBritainforinstancecigaretteadvertisinghasbeenbannedontelevision.Theconscienceofthenationisappeasedwhilethepopulationcontinuestopuffitswaytosmokycancerousdeath.42434445PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47“Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofadeandwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact.〃Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Ttisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenpreschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries.
27、
4728、
4829、49参考答案【
一、UseofEnglish]r5BACAC610DDABCll~20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]l~5ACDCA6~10ABDDD1广30点击下载查看答案
5、5headfeettailnose
6、6stillevenmuchany
7、⑺careB.chanceC.adviceD.notice
8、8A.fluidgasoilcolour
9、9caughtsprayedwarnedseen
10、10moresoonC.twiceD.tooIk11fullShortinsteadD.typical12manypartamountD.number13wholemeanswishD.protection14itandwhichwhere15withbyasin16feelalllookmuch17makeeatseelookA.atwithinof19sweetsfoodC.substancesones20aheadaboutaloneaside
二、ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsWhethertheeyesarethewindowofthesoulisdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafactduringthefirsttwomonthsofababyslifethestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmilesignificantlyarealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmilenorwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.InonestudywhenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouthsbut99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapanhoweverwherebabiesarecarriedontheirmothersbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.AsaresultJapaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.InfactArgylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone,sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofonesconversationpartner.z,TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecondthenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentivethenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listenersmeanwhilekeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeakerallowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses;theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruptionfalsestartsandunpredictablepauses.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesareofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideassomethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson,sinnerworldofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinterestingsomethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebateBabieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyapersonwhosefrontviewisfullyperceivedwhosefaceiscoveredwithamaskwhosefaceisseenfromthesidewhosefaceisfreeofanycoveringAccordingtothepassagetheJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner,sneckbecausetheydon,tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeakertheyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontacttheydon,tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontacttheydidnthavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhoodAccordingtothepassageaconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakclownduetotemporaryglancingawayfromthelistenereyecontactofmorethanonesecondimproperly-imedceasingofeyecontactconstantadjustmentofeyecontactTokeepaconversationflowingsmoothlyitisbetterfortheparticipantsnottoweardarkspectaclesnottomakeanyinterruptionsnottoglanceawayfromeachother。