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考研外语冲刺密卷13
一、UseofEnglish1SometimebetweendigestingChristmasdinnerandputtingyourheadbackdowntoworkspareathoughtortwoforthecranberry.Itisofcoursea1ofChristmas:merrybrightredbitter-sweetlydeliciouswithturkeyandtheverydeviltogetoutofthetablecloth2spilled.Butthecranberryisalsoasymbolofthemodernfoodindustry-andinthetaleofits3fromcolonialcuriositytobusiness-schoolcasestudy4adeeperunderstandingoftheopportunitiesand5ofmoderneating.Thefastestgrowingpartoftodayscranberrymarketisforcranberriesthatdonottastelikecranberries.OceanSprays^flavouredfruitpieces”FFPStothetradetastelikeorangecherryraspberryorany6ofotherfruits.Theyareinfactcranberries.WhymakeacranberrytastelikeanorangeMostlybecauseitisa7littlefruit:FFPShaveashelf-lifeoftwoyears.Better8theykeepachewytexture9bakedunlikethefruitswhoseflavourstheymimicwhichturnto10C.AnewpackageD.ABritishinnovation
2、AccordingtothetexttheshiftinthemethodofholidaybookinginUKisassociatedwith.A.thepopularityofelectronicsB.thecostlylicencescarrentalfirmsthetraditionalideologyAccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrueToputtogetheratripusingatraditionaltravelagentisnothardatpresent.Tosoundthedeathknellfortouroperatorisunacceptableandinhumane.Somehigh-streettravelagentsdefythemodelofsurvivingwiththeinternet.Traditionaltourfirmsgrapplewiththeinternet.Thewordhustle〃inthetopicsentenceofthefourthparagraphmostprobablydenotes.A.demandB.hostilityC.saleD.prejudiceAccordingtothefirstandlastparagraphswhichofthefollowingisstillinsuspenseA.AlegaldefinitionAcongestioncharge.Financialguarantee.Anadventuretrip.
6、TheymaynotbetherichestbutAfricansremaintheworld,sstaunchestoptimists.AnannualsurveybyGallupInternationalaresearchoutfitshowsthatwhenaskedwhetherthisyearwillbebetterthanlastAfricaonceagaincomesoutontop.Outof52000peopleinterviewedallovertheworldunderhalfbelievethatthingsarelookingup.ButinAfricatheproportioniscloseto60%almosttwiceasmuchasinEurope.Africanshavesomereasonstobecheerful.Thecontinent,seconomyhasbeendoingfairlywellwithSouthAfricatheeconomicpowerhousegrowingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.SomeofAfricaslong-runningconflictssuchasthewarbetweenthenorthandsouthinSudanandthecivilwarinCongohaveended.AfricaevenhasitsfirstelectedfemaleheadofstateinLiberia.Yetthereisnoshortageofdownerstoo.MostofAfricaremainsdirtpoor.CrisesinplaceslikeCoted,IvoireSierraLeoneandZimbabwearefarfromsolved.AndthedemocraticcredentialsofEthiopiaandUgandaoncethedarlingsofwesterndonorshavetakenabadknock.AIDSkilledovergmAfricansin2022andwillkillmorethisyear.SoisitalljustacaseofirrationalexuberanceMerilJamesofGalluparguesthatthereisinfactusuallyverylittlerelationbetweenthesurvey,soptimismrankingsandreality.AfricansthisyearledbyNigeriansareconsistentlythemostupbeatwhethertheirlotgetsbetterornot.OntheotherhandGreece-hardlytheworstplaceonearth-topsthegloomanddoomchartfollowedcloselybyPortugalandFrance.MsJamesspeculatesthatreligionmayhavealottodowithit.NineoutoftenAfricansarereligiousthehighestproportionintheworld.ButcynicsarguethatmostAfricansbelievethat2022willbegoldenbecausethingshavebeensobadthatitishardtoimaginehowtheycouldpossiblygetworse.ThismayhelpexplainwhyplacesthathavesufferedrecentmisfortunessuchasKosovoandAfghanistanrankamongthetopfiveoptimists.MoussakaforthoughtforthosedepressedGreeks.Thestatisticsareemployedinthefirstparagraphsoastoindicatesortof.disparitynumbnessconformitystagnationItcanbeinferredfromthefourparagraphofthetextthatAfricanoptimismis.detrimentalfragiletransientconstantTheconclusionmadebyMsJamesaccordingtothetextisA.tentativeimmutableimpeccableD.moderateThetoneoftheauthorindiscussingAfricanstatuscanbedefinedasbeingA.radicalB.impartialC.hesitantD.self-centered
10、FranceismentionedinthetextwiththeaimtocontrastNigeriansandFrenchdefendMerilJamesremarksattachimportancetothegloom-and-doomchartrefuteMsJamesconceptofreligion11“Thisisareallyexcitingtimeaneweraisstarting,zsaysPeterBazalgettethechiefcreativeofficerofEndemolthetelevisioncompanybehind〃BigBrotherandotherpopularshows.Heisreferringtotheupsurgeofinterestinmobiletelevisionanascentindustryattheintersectionoftelecomsandmediawhichoffersnewopportunitiestodevicemakerscontentproducersandmobile-networkoperators.Andheisfarfromaloneinhisenthusiasm.Alreadymanymobileoperatorsofferaselectionoftelevisionchannelsorindividualshowswhicharestreamedacrosstheirthird-generation3Gnetworks.InSouthKoreatelevisionisalsosenttomobilephonesviasatelliteandterrestrialbroadcastnetworkswhichisfarmoreefficientthansendingvideoacrossmobilenetworks;similarbroadcastswillbegininJapaninApril.InEuropetheItalianarmof3amobileoperatorrecentlyacquiredCanale7atelevisionchannelwithaviewtolaunchingmobile-TVbroadcastsinItalyinthesecondhalfof
2022.Similarmobile-TVnetworkswillalsobebuiltinFinlandandAmericaandarebeingtestedinmanyothercountries.MeanwhileAppleComputerwhichlaunchedavideo-capableversionofitsiPodportablemusic-playerinOctoberisstrikingdealswithtelevisionnetworkstoexpandtherangeofshowsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedeviceincluding〃Lost〃,“DesperateHousewivesand〃LawOrder”.TiVomakerofthepioneeringpersonalvideorecorderPVRsaysitplanstoenablesubscriberstodownloadrecordedshowsontoiPodsandotherportabledevicesforviewingonthemove.AndmobileTVwasoneofthebigtrendsattheworld,slargesttechnologyfairtheConsumerElectronicsShowwhichtookplaceinLasVegasthisweek.DespiteallthisactivityhowevertheprospectsformobileTVareunclear.Forastartnobodyreallyknowsifconsumerswillpayforitthoughsurveyssuggesttheyliketheidea.Informaaconsultancysaystherewil1be125mmobile-TVusersby
2022.Butmanyothermobiletechnologiesinspiredhighhopesandthenfailedtoliveuptoexpectations.AndevenifpeopledowantTVonthemovethereisfurtheruncertaintyinthreeareas:technologybusinessmodelsandthecontentitself.Thewordnascentinthefirstparagraphofthetextmostprobablymeans.A.distinctiveB.statutoryC.naiveD.emergingParagraph2iswrittento.indicatethetestofmobile-TVnetworksillustratethewidespreadinterestsinmobileTVstresstheselectiono[televisionchannelsassessthethird-generation3GnetworksAccordingtothetextsubstantialworkinmobile-TVnetworkshasbeenconductedin.0上16A.anorientalnationUSAanEuropeannationD.Japan
14、Theworddeviceinthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphdenotes.asatelliteandterrestrialbroadcastavideo-capableversionofAppleiPodportablemusic-playeranindividualshowwhichisstreamedacrossa3GnetworkapioneerpersonalvideorecorderItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphofthetextthatA.mobileTViscoming一buthowthemarketwilldevelopisstillunclearB.consumersfavormobileTViftheyneednotpayforitfewmobiletechnologiesfailedtoliveuptoexpectationsthethreeuncertaintiesre{erredtoattheendofthetextarehopefullyovercomeinnotime16Thelast-minutevictoryoftheTexasLonghornsinthisyearsRoseBowl-Americascollegefootballchampionship一wasthekindofthingthatstayswithfansforever.Justaswellbecausemanyhadpaidvastsumstoseethegame.RoseBowlticketsofficiallysoldfor$175each.Ontheinternetresellerswerehawkingthemforasmuchas$3000apop.Nobodyknowshowtocontrol[this],/observedMitchDorgerthetournamentschiefexecutive.Re-sellingticketsforaprofitknownlesspolitelyasscalpinginAmericaortoutinginBritainisbooming.InAmericaalonethe/secondarymarketforticketstosought-aftereventsisworthover$10billionreckonsJeffreyFluhrthebossofStubllubanonlineticketmarket.Scalpingusedtobeaboutburlymenlurkingoutsidestadiumswithfistfulsoftickets.CriesofTicketshereticketshere”stillringoutbeforekickoff.Buttheinternethascreatedalargerandmoreefficientmarket.Someinternet-basedticketagenciessuchastickcocomanddynamiteticketzcomactastraditionalscalpersbuyingupticketsandsellingthemonforasubstantialmark-up.ButotherslikeStubllubhaveanewbusinessmode-bringtogetherbuyersandsellersandthentakeacut.ForeachtransactionStubHubtakesajuicy25%.Despiteitssubstantialcommission-farhigherthanthosechargedbyotheronlineintermediariesincludingeBayorCraigslist一StubHubisflourishing.Thefirmwassetupin2000andthisyear,sRoseBowlwasitsbiggesteventever.TheSuperBowlinearlyFebruarywillbringanothernicehaulashaveU2andRollingStonesconcerts.UnlikeeBaywhichisthelargestonlinetraderinticketsStubHubguaranteeseachtransactionsobuyersneednotworryaboutfraud.Thecompany,srevenuesnowaround$200maretriplingannuallydespiteitsstartinthedotcombust.Andthereisplentymoreroomtogrow.Mr.Fluhrnotesthatthemarketremainshighlyfragmented^withtinyoperationsstillflourishingandnewspaperclassifiedsnotyetdead.Buttherearerisks.Someeventsareboostingpricestocuttheresalemargins;othersareusingspecialmeasurestocrackdown.ThissummerticketstothesoccerWorldCupinGermanywillincludethenameandpassportnumberoftheoriginalpurchaserandembeddedchipsthatmatchthebuyertothetickets.Thentherearelegalworries.InAmericamorethanadozenstateshaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskinds.NewMexicoforbidstheresellingofticketsforcollegegames;Mississippidoessoforalleventsongovernment-ownedproperty.Suchlawsareoftenignoredbutcanstillbite.InMassachusettswhereThedynamicthathasbroughtthecranberrytothispointis11tothedynamicbehindmostmass-producedgoods.Growing12providedthe13tocreatecheaperandmorereliablesupply.Cheaperandmorereliablesupply14createdincentivestofindnewmarketswhichincreaseddemand.Thuswasthe15keptchurning.Thecranberryisoneofonlythreefruitsnative16NorthAmericagrowingwildfromMainetoNorthCarolina.TheothersaretheConcordgrapeandtheblueberry.TheAmericanIndianshadseveralnamesforcranberriesmany17thewordsfor“bitterormore18“noisy”.Theyatetheberriesmostly19pemmicanbutalsousedthemfordyeandmedicine.Andtheyintroducedthemtothewhitesettlers-atthefirstThanksgivingdinnerin1621itissaid.Thesettlerspromptlyrenamedthisdelicacythecraneberry”20thepointypinkblossomsofthecranberrylookabitliketheheadoftheSandhillcrane.signtrailC.symbolresellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalueisunlawfulonefanbroughtalawsuitlastautumnagainst16companiesincludingStubHuboverhispriceyRedSoxtickets.UKismentionedinthetextwiththeintentionto.A.definere-sellingticketsforprofitsB.stresstheprosperityoftheindustryC.shedlightontheboomingofscalpingD.castdoubtontheprofitsofonlineticketmarketTnboththesecondandthethirdparagraphstheauthoremployswhichofthefollowingwritingdeviceA.Emphasis.B.Contrast.C.Exaggeration.D.Interrogation.Thewordjuicyinthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablydenotes.A.succulentinterestinglucrativeliquidSeveremeasurestodiscouragere-sellingticketsforprofitsareillustratedwith.A.U2concertB.SuperBowlinearlyFebruaryC.RollingStonesconcertsD.thesoccerWorldCupinGermanyItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.MorethanadozenstatesinUShaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskindsTherearestilllegalworriesabouttheAmericanre-sellingticketsforaprofitMoststatesinUShaveyettoshowpositiveresponseincrackdownontickettoutingD.16companiesweretakentocourtbyonefanforresellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalue21PartB10pointsYouaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalistofexamplesorheadings.ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedposition41-
45.Theremaybecertainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.10pointsYouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutunknownknowledgeonAIDS.WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystemHowandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropupWhatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapyHowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystemIntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestoppedWhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfectionsInthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother.YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases.Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:
41.Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithATDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-Hodgkins1ymphomasandKaposissarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop.
42.WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells.EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody*sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents.
43.AlthoughHIVkillstheimmuneceilssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhich11IVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask:CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace44Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening.IsavaccinepossibleThereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHTVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes.
45.Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic.
22、42Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsItisdifficulttoseehowonecanteachifoneisnotlearning.Buttherearesomedistinctionstobemadehere.Torelyonlastyear*snotesor一evenworse一one,slastyearsmemoryasifthatwouldalwaysbeanadequatebasisforpassingonknowledgeistomistakewhathumanknowledgeis.46Andsotheassimilationofbooksthereadingofarticlesthepursuitofmattersofconcernwillbecrucialtoonesabilitytointroduceanddevelopastudent*sabilitytoparticipateinaspecificuniverseofdiscourse.Researchmightbethoughttobeanothermatterespeciallyifitisdefinedasaddingtothesumtotalofhumanknowledge.47Theexpansionofhighereducationwhichhastakenplaceandmoreparticularlytheexpansionwhichislikelytotakeplacesimplymakesitunlikelythatallthosewhoarelegitimatelyinvolvedintheteachingandwhofulfilltheirresponsibilitiesutterlyinthatregardarethemselvesallcapableofaddinganythingworthhavingtothesumtotalofhumanknowledge.Itseemsbestthereforenottoassumeitandnottopresumewhatinprincipleisundeliverable.Ontheotherhandaninstitutionofhighereducationwhichisnotcommittedasacommunitytoresearchwillbedefective.48Thelimitofwhatweknowmustbeapparentthemeansandopportunitiesofinquirymustbeunderstoodthevalueofresearchsharedevenifitisonlysomemembersofadepartmentafacultyoraninstitutionwhoareactuallyengagedinit.Scholarshipisforall;researchforthosewhoaremostadept.49Ofcourseapropercelebrationoftheroleofteachingandtheartoftheteacherwillhelptoputfighttheveryseriousdisparityofesteemwhichisaffectingourjudgmentinthisarea.Butallthishasimplicationsforstaffdevelopment.Thedistributionofresourcesbytheinstitutionwillbeajudgmentonitsmoralperspective.Sotheidentificationandsupportofwaysinwhichteachingcanbeimprovedwillbeasimportantasthedevelopmentofresearchinthelifeofanacademiccommunity.50Somethingsignificantisdonebythesupportofscholarshipbyfinancingattendanceatconferences;butattentiontoteachingstylesandlearningstrategiesthroughcoursesdiscussionvisitinglecturesschoolsmayallbeasimportant.47484950参考答案[
一、UseofEnglish]l~5CDADA6~10BCDAB1「20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]05CADCA6~10ADABB11~30点击下载查看答案A.whileB.ifonlyC.longbeforeD.if
3、⑶A.progressB.propositionC.prophetD.proportion
4、4obtainmouldassimilateD.lies
5、5A.dilemmasremedyingredientremains
6、
(6)A.membernumberkindflavor
7、⑺A.deliciousB.dubiousC.durableD.deliberate
8、8offthanitselfstill
9、9whenwhetheralbeitwhereas10mercurymushmusclemess11similarfeasibleinferiorincredible12commandyielddemandquantity13immensityinadequacyimmunityincentive14ateveryturninturntoaturnD.byturns15cyclemiracleC.missionD.carnival16fromtooffD.beyond17qualifyingincorporatingdenotingcoining18intrinsicallymarginallyintuitivelymysteriously19inforbyD.through20althoughonlyifbecauseasthough
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsMenorcaorMajorcaItisthattimeoftheyearagain.Thebrochuresarepilingupintravelagentswhilenewspapersandmagazinesbulgewithadviceaboutwheretogo.ButthetraditionalpackagedholidayaBritishinnovationthatprovidedmanytimidnativeswiththeirfirstexperienceofwarmsandisnotwhatitwas.IndeedtheindustryisanxiouslyawaitingaHighCourtrulingtofindoutexactlywhatitnowis.TwothingshavechangedthewayBritonsresearchandbooktheirholidays:low-costairlinesandtheinternet.InsteadofbuyingareadymadepackageconsistingofaflighthotelcarhireandassortedentertainmentfromatouroperatorsbrochureitisnoweasytoputtogetheratripusinganonlinetravelagentlikeExpediaorTravelocitywhichlastJulyboughtLastminutecomfor£577m$1billionorfromtheproliferatingwebsitesofairlineshotelsandcar-rentalfirms.Thishasledsometosoundthedeathknellforhighstreettravelagentsandtouroperators.Therehavebeenupheavalsandclosuresbutthetraditionalfirmsarestartingtofightbackinpartbymovingmoreoftheirbusinessonline.FirstChoiceHolidaysforinstancesawitspretaxprofitriseby16%to£114m$196mintheyeartotheendofOctober.Althoughtheoverallnumberofholidaysbookedhasfallenthecompanyisconcentratingonmorevaluablelong-haulandadventuretrips.FirstChoicenowsellsmorethanhalfitstripsdirectlyeitherviatheinternetoverthetelephoneorfromitsowntravelshops.Itwantsthattoreach75%withinafewyears.Othertouroperatorsareshowingsimilarhustle.MyTravelmanagedtocutitslossbyalmosthalfin
2022.ThomasCookandThomsonHolidaysnowbothGermanownedarealsobullishaboutthecomingholidayseason.Highstreettravelagentsarehavingatoughertimethoughnotleastbecausemanyleadingtouroperationshavecutthecommissionstheypay.Somehigh-streettravelagentsarealsolearningtolivewiththeinternethelpingpeoplebookcomplicatedtripsthattheyhaveresearchedonlineprovidingadviceandtackingonotherservices:Thisisseenasagrowtharea.ButifanagentputstogetherseparateflightsandhotelaccommodationisthatapackagetooTheCivilAviationAuthorityCAAsaysitisandtheagentshouldholdanAirTravelOrganisersLicencewhichprovidesfinancialguaranteestorepatriatepeopleandproviderefunds.Theschemedatesfromtheearly1970swhensomelargeBritishtravelfirmswentbuststrandingcustomersontheCostas.AlthoughsuchfailuresarelesscommonthesedaystheCAAhadtohelpoutsome30000peoplelastyear.TheAssociationofBritishTravelAgentswenttotheHighCourtinNovembertoarguesuchbookingsarenottraditionalpackagesandsodonotrequireagentstoacquirethecostlylicences.WhilethecourtdecidesmillionsofBritonswi11happilyclickawaybuyingonlineholidaysunawareofthedifference.Basedonthefirstparagraphthebesttitleofthetextcouldbe.AnannualholidayAHighCourtruling。