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考研外语命题预测试卷7
一、UseofEnglish
1、Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.1manyholdthatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswillbutthisviewismuchtoo
2.Itfailsto3thegreatdangersweshallfaceinthe4ofbiomedicaltechnologythatstemsfromanexcessoffreedomfromtheunrestrained5ofwill.Inmyviewourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradationorwillingdehumanizationasistheunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyandsuccessfullypursuingourhumanization
6.Certain7andperfectedmedicaltechnologieshavealreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethodsofresuscitationhavemade8heroiceffortsto〃save〃theseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimesonlypartlysuccessful:Theymaysucceedin9individualsbuttheseindividualsmayhaveseverbraindamageandbecapableofonlya1ess-than-humanvegetating
10.Suchpatientshavebeen11adeathwithdignity.musicA.arenothingbutfictions.areintendedforperformers.aresupposedtobetrue.D.aretoovaguetorecognize.TheauthorassertsthatGeraldLevinsdefensesofCopKillerareA.unreasonablebutclear.illogicalandoutmoded.simpleandresponsible.D.freshbutsuperficial.ItcanbelearnedthatthecompanyhasmovedfarfromitsfoundersA.notionalrigidity.B.creativestyles.C.officialimages.D.mediacriteria.
6、UntilrecentlymobileradiowastowirelesscommunicationswhattheYugowastotransportation.WithamixedclientelerangingfromtruckersusingCBstopolicearmedwithwalkie-talkiestotaxidriversdispatchedbyradioitwasviewedasanunglamorousbusinessandatechnologicalbackwater.Butspecializedmobileradioasitisknownhasbeenrediscovered.Itisnowconsideredoneofthebiggestprizesintheall-outwarforthepublicairwaves.Thereason:high-techcompanieshavefiguredouthowtoprofitablyrebuildtheantiquateddispatchingsystemintoanadvancedcellular-telephonenetworkthatcantakeonthelikesofATTandthegiantBabyBells.UpstartNextelCommunicationssentshockwavesthroughtheindustrylastweekwhenitagreedtobuyMotorolasSMRfrequenciesfor$
1.8billion.Thatcouldposeaseriousthreattocellularhegemony.AlthoughbothsystemsarebasedonthesamebasictechnologySMRsystemsaredigitalandcoveralmost25timesasmuchareaastheaveragecellularnetwork.SMRhandsetswontworkoncellularsystemsandtendtobebulkierthancellularphonesthoughtheyprovidemorefeatureslikeadigitalpagerservice.Andwhilecellulargrowthhastripledtosome13millionsubscriberssince2000thetechnologyhasbeenlosingground.Itisrunningoutofchannelcapacitysofastinfactthat40%ofcellularcallsinhigh-densityareaslikeManhattanandLosAngelesfailtobecompleted.SMRshavecapacitytospareandservicecouldeventuallybepriced10%to15%lessthancellular.Dispatcherspredicttheywillhaveatleast10millionsubscribersbytheendofthedecade.Therearenowabout
1.5millionusersofSMRs.Theadditionofanothercontendertoanalreadycrowdedfieldoftelephonesystemswillsurelymultiplytheconfusion.Bytheyear2022consumerswillbeabletochoosefromatleasthalfadozenvendorsofadizzyingarrayofwireless-communicationsservicesincludingpagersvoicemailansweringmachinesandcellularphones.PhoneandcabletelevisionoperatorssuchasBellSouthMCIandCoxEnterprisesaredevelopingso-calledpersonal-communicationsnetworksorPCNsahighlyadvancedportable-phonesystemthatisexpectedtocoverawiderareaconnecttoagreatervarietyofservicesandbecheapertooperatethanconventionalcellular.Andmanycompaniesthathavegambledonthewrongtechnologicalstandardsandinvestedbillionstryingtodevelopthesamemarketswillundoubtedlyloseagreatdealofmoneybeforetheshakeoutisover.〃ThewinnerssaysNextelchairmanMorganOBrien“willbethosewhocanmakethechoiceforconsumerseasy”.Withalltheanticipatedconfusion一mindfuloftheearlyyearsofpersonalcomputers一itislikelytobeyearsbeforeanyonecallsthepurchaseofwirelessproductsan〃easy〃choice.HowdidmobileradiosystemsfinditsbusinesscompetitivenessA.Itstechnologicalfeatureshaveradicallychanged.Ithasbeenrebuilttocatertovarioussubscribers.Itsdimensionshavebeenreducedbywidemargins.D.Itwasconnectedtoagreatervarietyofservices.SMRsystemsgainanedgeoverotherservicesmostlybyvirtueofitsprohibitiveretailprices.itsoperationalconvenience.itswidercoverageareas.itssmallstoragecapacity.WelearnfromthetextthatusersofwirelessproductsaremoreoftenthannotconfrontedwithA.missingnetworks.B.technicalfailures.C.wrongstandards.D.confusingchoices.ThebasicproblemwithmobiletelephonecompaniesaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheirA.enthusiasmaboutcompetition.B.dubioustechnologicalstandards.C.exaggerationofproductfeatures.D.awkwardmarketingstrategies.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseemsdetached.realistic.sensitive.D.optimistic.11Thedaywasstar-crossed:Fridaythe13thinthemonthofOctoberontheeveofthesecondloominganniversaryofadevastatingmarketcrash.Imtellingyoupsychologyisreallyfunny.Peoplegetcrazyinsituationslikethat”saidportfoliostrategistElaineGarzarelli.LastweekFridaythe13thliveduptoitsfrightfulreputation.AfterdriftingloweratasleepypaceformostofthedaytheDowJonesindustrialaverageabruptlylurchedintoahair-raisingskydiveinthefinalhouroftrading.TheBushAdministrationmovedswiftlytoavertanysenseofcrisisafterthemarketClosed.DeclaredTreasurySecretaryNicholasBrady:〃Itsimportanttorecognizethattodaysstockmarketdeclinedoesntsignalanyfundamentalchangeintheconditionoftheeconomy.Theeconomyremainswellbalancedandtheoutlookisforcontinuedmoderategrowth”.ButMassachusettsDemocratEdwardMarkeywhochairsaHousesubcommitteeontelecommunicationsandfinancevowedtoholdhearingsthisweekonthestockmarketslide.Saidhe:Thisisthesecondheartattack.Myhopeisthatbeforewehavetheinevitablethirdheartattackwepayattentiontotheseproblems”.Expertsfoundnoshortageofculpritstoblameforthelatestshipwreck.AseriesofdownbeatrealizationsconvergedonFridayrangingfromsignsofanewburstofinflationtosaggingcorporateprofitstotroublesinthejunk-bondmarketthathasfueledmajortakeovers.Thesingulareventthatshookinvestorswasthefalteringofa$
6.75billionlabormanagementbuyoutofUALtheparentcompanyofUnitedAirlinesthesecondlargestU.S.carrier.OnonepointmostthoughtfulWallStreetersagreed:themarkethadreachedsuchdizzyingheightsthatacorrectionofsomesortseemedalmostinevitable.Propelledbyfavorableeconomicnewsandawaveofmultibillion-dollartakeoversstockshadsoaredmorethan1000pointssincethe1987crash.ButbylastAugustsomeWallStreeterswereclearlyworried.TheheaviestblowtothemarketcameFridayafternoon.Inathree-paragraphstatementUALsaidalabor-managementgroupheadedbyChairmanStephenWolfhadfailedtogetenoughfinancingtoacquireUnited.Severalbankshadapparentlybalkedatthedealwhichwastobepartlyfinancedthroughjunkbonds.Thetake-overgroupsaiditwouldsubmitarevisedbid〃inthenearterm”buttheannouncementstunnedinvestorswhohadcometoviewtheUniteddealasthelatestsurethinginthe1980sbuyoutbinge.SaidJohnDowneyatraderattheChicagoBoardOptionsExchange:〃Theairlinestockshavelookedlikeattractivetakeovertargets.ButwiththeUniteddealintroubleeveryonestartedtowonderwhatotherdealsmightnotgothrough.〃ThetoneofthewriterasreflectedinthefirstsentenceisA.sensible.irrational.defiant.ironical.HowdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituationA.Trustful.B.Panicked.C.Carefree.D.Confused.Whenmentioningthelatestshipwreck”Para.3theauthoristalkingabout.A.stock-marketdecline.B.junk-bondmarket.C.enormousacquisitions.D.corporateprofits.ThemainreasonforthelatestcrisisinstockmarketaspointedoutbythewriterliesinA.theperceptionofinflation.B.thecollapseofconfidence.C.thefailureofabuyoutdeal.D.thecorrectionofamarket.WhatdoesthewritersayofthestockmarketdeclineA.Suchanacutecrisisusuallyprecedesaboom.B.Itwillconstituteattractivetakeovertargets.C.Investorshavetroublepluckingupcourage.D.Ittriggeredresponsesfromvarioussectors.16ShouldanyonemuchcarewhetheranAmericanboylivingoverseasgetssixviciousthwacksonhisbacksideSomuchhasbeenarguedrejoinedandrehashedaboutthecaseofMichaelFayan18-year-oldconvictedofvandalismandsentencedtoacaninginSingaporethatanotherwisesorrylittleepisodehasshadedintoacertifiedInternationalIncidentcompletewithintercessionsbytheU.S.headofstate.AnaffairhasoutragedAmericanlibertariansevenasithasanimatedageneraldebateaboutmoralityEastandWestandtheproperfunctioningofU.S.lawandorder.WhichtoallappearancesiswhatSingaporewanted.ThequestionofwhetheranyoneshouldcareaboutMichaelFayisidle:thoughSingaporeofficialsprofessshockattheattentionhiscasehaddrawntheyknowAmericanscaredeeplyaboutthemanysidesofthisissue.DoesateenagerconvictedofsprayingcarswitheasilyremovablepaintdeservehalfadozenpowerfulstrokesAtwhatpointdoesswiftsurepunishmentbecometortureBywhatmoralauthoritycanAmericawithitshighratesoflawlessnessandlicensepreachofasafesocietyabouthumanrightsThecaningsentencehasconcentratedmindswondrouslyonanalreadylivelydomesticdebateoverwhatconstitutesaduebalancebetweenindividualandmajorityrights.ToobadMichaelFayhasbecomeafocusforthisdiscussion.NotonlydoesheseemdestinedtobepummeledandimmobilizedbuttheuseofSingaporeasastandardforjudginganyothersocietyletalonethecacophonousU.S.isfairlyworthless.TobeginwithSingaporeisanoffshorerepublicthattightlylimitsimmigration.Imaginecrime-riddenLOSAngelestowhichSingaporeissometimescontrastedwithhardlyanyinflowofthehard-luckoftendesperatefortuneseekerswhoflocktobigcities.EvenwithoutitsgovernmentsdisciplinarymeasuresSingaporemorethanplausiblywouldbemuchthesameasitisnow.Anacademiccommonplacetodayisthatthemajorfactordeterminingsocialpeaceandprosperityisculture一asenseofcommonidentitytraditionandvalues.UnlikeSingaporethoughtheU.S.todayisanationinsearchofacommonculturetryingtobeauniversalsocietythatassimilatesthetraditionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Effortstosafeguardminorityaswellasindividualrightshaveproducedagridlockinthejusticesystem.Itstroublesstemmorefromthedecayoffamilylifethanfromanygovernmentfailures.Fewsocietiescanaffordtolookoncomplacently.AsFamiliesareforcedtobeartheburdenofa12deathwatch”.13theordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseandprolonginglifehavechangedthe14inwhichmendie.Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhomeorinthe15offamilyandfriends.Thisloneliness16isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospitalbed.Asagrouptheelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety:Notyet17theworldofthedeadnotdeemedfitfortheworldofthelivingtheyareshunted
18.Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears19wehavenotlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinuetobravelyandfeverishlypushbackthefrontiers20death.A.IndeedB.LikewiseC.ThereforeD.Furthermore
2、⑵detachedprejudicedC.favoredtraveleasesandculturesintermixtheAmericanexperienceisbecomingtheworlds.Thecircumstancesofthisaffair一evidentlynoSingaporeanhaseverbeenpunishedundertheVandalismActfordefacingprivateproperty一suggestthatSingaporehasusedFayasanunwillingpointmaninagrowingquarrelbetweenEastandWestabouthumanrights.WhatdidthewritersayhappenedtoMichaelFayinSingaporeA.Hiscasecapturedworldwideattention.B.Hereceivedseverepunishment.C.Hisexperiencewasoutoftheordinary.D.Hewaslikelytobedisabled.ThereactionoftheU.S.tothecaseofMichaelFaycouldbestbedescribedasA.bigsurprise.B.graveoutrage.C.greatconcern.D.heavyagony.Theword〃cacophonous”Para.3mostprobablymeansA.commonplace.B.assimilative.C.disharmonious.D.stereotyped.ItseemsthatthewriterbelievesthatSingaporeshouldbepraisedintermsofA.legislativemeasures.B.itsbalancingpolicies.C.propertysafeguard.D.itsculturalvalues.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatthedebatetriggeredbyFayscasefocusesmainlyuponA.humanrights.moralstandards.popcultures.ethicalvalues.PartB10pointsThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.YouarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA一G.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.InadequateprotectionofU.S.patentstrademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S.economy$80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250000jobseveryyearaccordingtoGaryHoffmananintellectualpropertyattorneyatDicksteinShapiroMorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof$4billionofrevenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmoviesbooksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast$4billionannually.Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformorethan25%ofU.S.exportscomparedwithjust12%eightyearsagoprotectionagainstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministrationstradeagenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommissionthefederalagencythatdealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompaniesishandlingarecordnumberofcases38lastyearSaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:^Conceptualpropertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftradedisputes
7.Thebattleiswidening一U.S.companiesfiledmorethan5700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3800in1980-andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcasetodateEastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay$900millionforinfringingonSevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reachingcopyrightcasebookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhenafederalcourtinNewYorkCityfinedtheKinkosGraphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores$510000forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollegestudents.Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappealtheawardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectualproperty.ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYouDontWantMyPeachesYoudBetterStopShakingMyTreebutitactuallyencompassesthewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue一andmanyofthemhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisneysMickeyMousetoUpjohnsformulaforitsanti-baldnesspotionpatentstrademarksandcopyrightshavebecomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmostanythingtoprotect.Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformationandtechnologyideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofacompanyswealth.Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatentedtrademarkedandcopyrightedinrecordnumbers.Itisalsowhytodayscleverthiefdoesntrobbanksmanyofwhicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostnerslatestfilmsellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulaforMercksnewestpharmaceutical.Thatswherethemoneyis.Onereasonisthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectualproperty.Realizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeaswellashobblenativeindustriesnationseverywherearerevisinglawscoveringpatentscopyrightsandtradenames.MalaysiaEgyptChinaturkeyBrazilandeventheSovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeefupexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportforaproposedfree-tradepactMexicolastmonthrevealedplanstodoublethelifeoftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthefirsttimetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.Companiesarecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesignsmoviesandcomputerprograms.Thebattleisgettinghotter一andmoreimportant.WhenJohnsonJohnsonintroducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsagoexecutivesatMinnesotaMiningManufacturing
424324、
4425、4526PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsThelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers.Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusuallysatisfiedonesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy.Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior.Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstatesinternationalpoliticalbehavior.oftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation，sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstatesinternationalconduct.47484950参考答案【
一、UseofEnglish]「5ABCDD6〜10BCABD11〜20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]1〜5ACDBA6~10ACDBA11〜30点击下载查看答案D.interfered
3、⑶identifypromoterecognizeassist
4、4allocationexpenserestrictionavailability
5、5adviceaccessexecutionexercise
6、6functionsgoalsC.purposesD.origins
7、7obtainedaffordeddesiredoffered
8、8A.possibleprobableproperpotential
9、9A.supportingB.rescuingC.replacingD.retrieving
10、10maintenancesurvivallifeexistenceIKHA.deprivedB.repelledrejecteddenied12A.shortenedprolongedremovedD.extended13EvenButOnlyHence14rangescopecontextterritory15A.wakeB.processC.companyD.light16moreoverhoweverhencethus17A.limitedtoisolatedfrompreparedforD.absorbedinto18awayasideoffdown19exceptsoorbut20aboveagainstuponwith
二、ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsHowdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthemurderofpolicewhichisentitledCopKillerbytherapperIce-TonthealbumBobyCountThealbumisreleasedbyWarnerBros.RecordspartoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainmentconglomerate.InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompanyspositionTimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.FirstIce~TsCopKillerismisunderstood.〃Itdoesn，tinduceorglorifyviolence...ItJshisfictionalizedattempttogetinsideacharactershead...CopKillerisnomoreacallforgunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummonsforjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.5Insteadoffindingwaystosilencethemessenger”weshouldbe〃heedingtheanguishedcrycontainedinhismessage”.Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnotpretendtohaveapolitical〃message〃thatmustbe〃heeded〃.IfCopKillerhasamessageitisthatthemurderofpolicemenisajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotinself-defensebutinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainstrandomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing一thatistheplainmeaningofthesongandnozzlargerunderstanding〃ofblackculturetherageofthestreetsoranythingelsecanexplainitaway.Asinmuchoftodayspopularmusicthelinebetweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.Thesearepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthesentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrowIce-Thimselfhassaid〃Iscaredthepoliceandtheyneedtobescared”.Thatseemsclear.ThecompanysseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassiconeoffreeexpression:〃Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelievethattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoesnotdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialoracorporatecensor”.OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthatdoesn，trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Anditdoesntrelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessagesitchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnot〃censorship”.Manyan“anguishedcry〃goesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecordedandpromotedbecauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedtorecordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoneybutacompanycannottakethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility.ThefounderofTimeHenryLucewouldhavescornedthenotionthathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchangeofideas.InLucessystemeditorsweresupposedtomakevaluejudgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit.IntheeyesoftheauthorIce~TsCopKillershouldbecondemnedfor.praisingactsofviolenceagainstpolice.seekingtoearnenormoussumsofmoney.workingundercontractwithacompany.D.exercisingrevengeagainstrandomcops.GeraldLevinmentionsthecaseofFrankieandJohnnytojustifyA.callingforcreativefreedom.B.bringinghometoself-defenses.C.perceivingtruemessages.D.acceptingthemurderoflovers.
3、Itisoftenclaimedthatsomemessagesconveyedinpopular。
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