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考研外语押题模拟卷7
一、UseofEnglish1Withthedepletionofthecodfisheryandsomanyothercoastalfishstocksworldwidethefishingindustryhasturnedtothehighseastoexploittheirresources.Fishingoperationsarenow1theseamountsoceanicridgesandplateausofthedeepocean2nationaljurisdictionwhereownershipandresponsibilitydonot3toanynation.4adecadeormorewehavecausedsignificantdamageto5unknownecosystemsdepletedspeciesandprobablydoomedmanyothersto
6.Everydaycommercialfishingfleets7primarilyfromjust11nationsventure8thehighseastofishthedeepocean.Whatsleftistrulyalonelyinfertileunderseadesert.Thehighseasareveryspecial.Itisherewhereyoucanfind9groupingsofanimalsthat10theirenergyfromsources11thesunaroundvolcanoesonthedeepseafloor.Itisonlyherewhereyoucanfindareasstillfreefromintroducedspecies12intheseasaroundAntarctica.Anditisherewhereyoucanfind13organismsthatareWhydoestheauthorsay〃Rickedoesnthavealotoftime”A.Rieke5spositionwillbetakenoversoon.Telekomisfacingseriousproblems.C.Noexecutiveswouldliketoworkforhim.D.Investorsdoubtabouthisability.
5、IntheauthorsopinionthefutureofTelekomcompanyprobablyisA.verypromising.B.definitelydoomed.allinRiekeshand.hardtopredict.
6、Foralongtimeresearchershavetriedtonaildownjustwhatshapesus一orwhatatleastshapesusmost.Andovertheyearstheyvehadalotoffindingmoments.Firstitwasourparentsparticularlyourmothers.Thenitwasourgenes.Nextitwasourpeerswhoshowuplastbutholdgreatsway.Andallthoseideasweregoodones一butonlyasfarastheywent.Thefactisonceinvestigatorshadexposedallthedatafromthosetheoriestheystillcameawaywithasmanyquestionsasanswers.Somewheretherewasasortoftemperamentaldarkmatterexertinganinvisiblegravitationalpullofitsown.Moreandmorescientistsareconcludingthatthisunexplainedforceisoursiblings.Fromthetimetheyarebornourbrothersandsistersareourcollaboratorsandcoconspiratorsourrolemodelsandcautionarytales.Theyareourscoldsprotectorsgoadstormentorsplaymatescounselorssourcesofenvyobjectsofpride.Theyteachushowtoresolveconflictsandhownotto;howtoconductfriendshipsandwhentowalkawayfromthem.Sistersteachbrothersaboutthemysteriesofgirls;brothersteachsistersaboutthepuzzleofboys.Ourspousesarrivecomparativelylateinourlives;ourparentseventuallyleaveus.Oursiblingsmaybetheonlypeoplewe11everknowwhotrulyqualifyaspartnersforlife.Siblings“saysfamilysociologistKatherineConger“arewithusforthewhole•〃journey.Withinthescientificcommunitysiblingshavenotbeenwhollyignoredbutresearchhasbeenlimitedmostlytodiscussionsofbirthorder.Oldersibsweresaidtobestrivers;youngeronesrebels;middlekidsthelostsouls.Thestereotypeswerebroadifnotentirelyuntrueandtherethediscussionmostlyended.Butallthatschanging.AtresearchcentersintheU.S.CanadaEuropeandelsewhereinvestigatorsarelaunchingawealthofnewstudiesintothesiblingdynamiclookingatwaysbrothersandsisterssteeroneanotherinto一orawayfrom一riskybehavior;howtheyformaprotectivebufferagainstfamilyupheaval;howtheyeducateoneanotherabouttheoppositesex;howallsiblingscompeteforfamilyrecognitionandcometotermsoversuchimpossiblychargedissuesasparentalfavoritism.Fromthatresearchscientistsaregainingintriguinginsightsintothepeoplewebecomeasadults.DoesthemanagerwhorunsacongenialofficecallonthepeacemakingskillslearnedinthefamilyplayroomDohusbandsandwivesbenefitfromtheinter-gendernegotiationstheywagedwhentheirmostimportantpartnersweretheirsistersandbrothersAllthatisunderinvestigation.〃Siblingshavejustbeenofftheradarscreenuntilnow〃saysConger.Buttodayseriousworkisrevealingexactlyhowourbrothersandsistersinfluenceus.inferredfromthelastsentenceofparagraph1findingsrevealedwhatshapesus.B.Previousfindingswereaccurateandtrustworthy.C.Previousfindingscontributedinalimitedway.findingswenttoofarinexplanation.
7、Thewordsiblings”Paragraph2mostprobablymeansparents.genes.peers.D.brothersandsisters.KatherineCongermentionsSiblingsarewithusforthewholejourneytoshowA.theycanprovideimportantsuggestionsforus.B.theycanaccompanyusthroughoutourlife.C.theymayofferusgreathelp.D.theyplanourjourneyforus.StudiesonsiblingsbyscientistsusedtoA.betotallyforgotten.B.focusonlyonthesonsnotdaughters.mainlyfocusontheordersofthekids.focusonthesiblingdynamic.
10、FromthelastparagraphwecanconcludethatA.siblingsarenotintherangeofscientificresearch.B.peoplelearnedmanagementskillsfromfamilyplayroom.C.spouseslearnednegotiationskillsfromtheirsistersandbrothers.D.studiesonsiblingsareontheirway.
11、Inthe90speoplewentcrazyaboutwireless.Electroniccommunicationsoncethoughtboundpermanentlytotheworldofcablesandhard-wiredconnectionssuddenlyweresprungfreeandthepossibilitiesseemedendless.Entrenchedmonopolieswouldfallandanewuncablederawouldusherinalevelofintimatecontactthatwouldnotonlytransformbusinessbutchangehumanbehavior.Suchwastheviewbytheendofthatgroundbreakingdecade一the1890s.Tobesurethewildpublicityofthosedayswasntallhotair.Marconismagicbox〃anditscontemporaneousinventionskickedoffaneraofprofoundchangesnottheleastofwhichwastheadventofbroadcasting.Soitdoesseemstrangethatacenturylaterthedebateoncemoreisabouthowwirelesswillchangeeverything.Andonceagainthenoisyconfusionisjustified.Changesareonthewaythatarearguablyasearthshatteringastheworldsfirstwirelesstransformation.Certainlyahugepartofthisrevolutioncomesfromintroducingthemostpowerfulcommunicationtoolsofourtime.BetweenourmobilephonesourBlackBerriesandTreosandourWi-FiWirelessFidelitycomputerswerealwaysonandalwaysconnected一andsoonourcarsandourapplianceswillbetoo.Whiletherehasbeenconsiderableplanningforhowpeoplewillusethesetoolsandhowthey11payforthemthewonderfulrealityisthataswiththeInternetmuchoftheactioninthewirelessworldwillultimatelyemergefromtheimaginativetwistsandturnsthatarepossiblewhendigitaltechnologytrumpstheanalogmindsetoftelecomcompaniesandgovernmentregulators.Wi-Fiisitselfashiningexampleofhowwirelessinnovationcanshedthetethersofconventionalwisdom.Atonepointitwasassumedthatwhenpeoplewantedtousewirelessdevicesforthingsotherthanconversationtheydhavetorelyonthepainstakinglydrawninvestment-heavystandardsadoptedbythegiantcorporationsthatearnalotthroughyourmonthlyphonebill.Butthensomeresearcherscameupwithanewcommunicationsstandardexploitinganunlicensedpartofthespectrum.Itwascalled
802.11andonlylatersexedupwiththenameWi-Fi.ThoughtherangeofsignalwasonlysomedozensofmetersWi-FiturnedouttobeagreatwaytowirelesslyextendanInternetconnectioninthehomeoroffice.Anewclassofactivistwasborn:thebandwidthliberatorwithagoalofextendingfreewirelessInternettoanyoneventuringwithintherangeofafreehotspot.MeanwhileAppleComputerseizedontheideaasaconsumersolutionothersfollowedandnowWi-Fiisascommonasthemodemoncewas.WirelesstechnologyisintroducedasA.animportantfruitindailylife.B.asupplementtocablecommunications.C.theopeningofanewuncabledera.D.anewtypeofmonopoly.TheassumptionofthefutureisnotallhotairbecauseMarconimadeaprofoundchangeinthepast.thewirelesstechnologywillchangeeverything.C.thepossibilityofwirelesstechnologyisjustified.thewirelesstechnologyisalreadysophisticated.BymentioningInternettheauthormeansthatwearealwaysonlineandalwaysconnected.thewirelesstechnologywillbepopularizedastheInternet.C.theInternetwillbewirelesssoon.D.thewirelesstechnologywillbecomeamonopoly.AccordingtothepassagetheWi-Fistandardisbasedontheconventionalwisdom.adoptedanunlicensedpartofthespectrum.C.reliesonthestandardsbythegiantcorporations.D.iscreatedsolelybysomegeeks.FromtheauthorspointofviewtheWi-Fitechnologywillbereplacedsoon.willbecontrolledbygiantcorporationslikeApple.willextendtoeveryhomeandoffice.willbecomeanecessityasamodem.EuropeansandAmericansalikehavecertainromanticnotionsaboutSweden.Weimagineitasalandofliberal-mindedpeoplelivinginabastionofequality一whichinmanywaysitis.Swedenhasthesecondhighestnumberoffemaleparliamentariansintheworld.Halfitsgovernmentministersarewomen.Itswagegapisnarrowandfemalesarewellrepresentedinthelaborforce.BoththeUnitedNationsandtheWorldEconomicForumhaveratedittopsintheworldforequality.Butnoparadiseiswithoutitsparadoxes.InSwedenthebiggestoneisthis:whilethegovernmenthasdonemuchtoimprovethelivesofwomenithasalsocreatedaglassceilingforthemthatisthickerthanthatinmanyotherEuropeancountriesaswellasintheUnitedStates.WhilestatefundedchildcareandextremelylongandcushymaternitybenefitsmakeiteasytobeaworkingmotherinSwedensuchbenefitsalsohavetheeffectofdampeningfemaleemploymentinthemostlucrativeandpowerfuljobs.InSwedenmorethan50percentofwomenwhoworkdosointhepublicsector一mostasteachersnursescivilservantshomehealthaidesorchildmindersaccordingtotheOECD.Comparethistoabout30percentintheU.K.and
19.5percentinAmerica.Private-sectoremployersarelesswillingtodealwiththedisruptioncausedbyverylongmaternityleaves〃saysManuelaTomeialaborsociologistwiththeInternationalLaborOrganizationinGeneva.GenderdiscriminationinSwedenmaybemoresubtlebutitisverymuchthere.〃Thelinkbetweenfamily-friendlypoliciesandfemaleemploymentareahottopicalloverthedevelopedworldasbirthratesfallandashortageofskilledlaborlooms.EuropeanshavelookedtotheNordiccountriesasamodel——longermaternityleavesandstate-fundedchildcaremustmakeiteasierforwomentohavecareersorsotheconventionalwisdomgoes.Andindeedthesystemdoesmakeiteasierforwomentoholdlower-to-midleveljobsandhavechildren.ButasLondonSchoolofEconomicsfellowCatherineHakimnotespoliciesthatraisethebirthrate〃dontnecessarilytranslateintocompletegenderequalityparticularlyintheprivatesector”.Swedishwomenareunlikelytoholdimportantmanagerialpositions.AstudybyformerILOeconomistRichardAnkerusingdatafrom2000foundthatwhilewomenintheUnitedStatesheld
45.3percentofmanagerialpositionstheirSwedishcounter-partsheldonly
29.2percentBritonsheld33percentGermans27percentandDanes23percent.AndwhiletheaveragewagegapbetweenthegendersinSwedenisnarrowabout15percentitcanexceed40percentinhigh-endjobs.AndwhilethegapisclosinginothercountriesithasheldsteadyinSwedenformostofthelastdecade.BycitingexamplesofwomenemploymentinSwedentheauthorintendstoshowthatSwedenisalandofequality.Swedenrankstopinequality.morethan8000yearsoldlikemanyofthemassivedeep-seacorms.Butwhatreallysetsthehighseas14fromallotherareasweknowisthe15lackofprotectionforanyofthisnaturalheritage.AUnitedNationsmeetingrecentlyfinallypaygreatattentiontothehighseasandputthemonthe
16.Governmentofficialsfromaroundtheworldgatheredtogetherwithscientistsrepresentativesfromthefishing17conservationgroupsandotherstake-holderstodiscussconservationand18useofmarinebiologicaldiversityinthehighseas1964percentoftheEarthssurface.Theyneedtomovequickly.20thefragilityoftheseenvironmentswesimplydohothavetheluxuryoftimebutwecanactbeforeitistoolate.A.pointingB.intendingC.targetingD.aiming
2、2withunderEuropeansandAmericanshaveproblemsinsexism.Swedenhasthelargestnumberofwomenparliamentarians.Bysaying〃noparadiseiswithoutitsparadoxes”Line
1.Paragraph2theauthormeansSwedendoesnotdeservethenameofparadise.Swedenisitselfaparadox.Swedenalsohasproblemsinsexism.Swedenisaparadiseforwomen.Thestate-fundedchildcareandmaternitypoliciesinSwedencreatedaglassceilingforwomen.havebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesforwomen.C.helpedwomentostayinpowerfuljobs.D.causedgreatdisruptioninprivatecompany.DevelopedcountriestendtoadoptSweden-likepoliciesinordertoA.improvetheirgenderequality.B.providebetterconditionsforworkingmother.C.increasethebirthrate.D.helpwomentoholdbetterjobs.
20、TheauthorwillprobablyagreewiththestatementthatSwedishwomenalsosufferfromsexism.Americaisbetterintreatingworkingmother.Swedenistheidealplaceforaworkingwoman.wagegapinSwedenisquiteserious.21PartB10pointsInthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA、BC、DEFGtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.10pointsItshardtogetmorewhite-fencedthanNaperville.InthewesternChicagosuburbcrimeisanannoyancenotaproblem.Thestreetsarecleanandtheschoolsaresomeofthemostimpressiveinthestateproducingsomeofthebrighteststudentswhoattendthenationsbestcolleges.
41.Therankingswillbephasedoutoverthenextyearwith2022supperclassmendecidingwhethertoincludesucharankintheirofficialtranscripts.BynolongerrankingstudentstheNapervilleSchoolDistrict203issquarelyinlinewithatrendthatisfastsweepingthenationasmoreandmoreprivateandpublicschoolsaredroppingthepractice.Tilegoalproponentssayistocutdownonthehyper-competitionandlessenthestressatsuchacriticallearningpointandmaturationcurveinkidslives.〃Itsahighbarwesetanditshouldbe〃saidNapervilleSuperintendentAlanLeis.Butthereneedstobemorethanwrestlingoverwhosbetterthanwho.〃
42.Some80%ormorepublicschoolsstillreportrankingstoinquiringuniversitiesandcollegesbutagrowingnumberofhighschoolsintheChicagoareaandaroundthecountry一inmostlyaffluentdistrictsfromCaliforniatoMiamitoNewJersey一havealreadyadoptedthepractice.
43.EveninNapervilleavaledictorianisstillexpectedtoaddresstheclassbutthathonorisnotchosenuntilthelastweeksofaschoolyearandisnotforwardedontoschoolsinofficialtranscripts..AccordingtoDr.ScottHunteraclinicalpsychologistandschoolconsultantattheUniversityofChicagoHospitalswhospecializesinpediatricneuropsychology.〃Therealityisthatwehavemadeinthelast10yearsmoreofrankthanitdeservesbecausesomekidsdontreallyshineuntiltheyenterintoadulthoodandtheyriskbeingignoredbytheveryplacesandpeoplewheretheycouldgreatlysucceed〃addsHunter“Thisisanartificialnumberintermsofwhereapersonreallyfalls.〃.〃Itmakesitalittlemoreopaqueforusontheadmissionssidebutwefullyunderstandit〃saidJimMillerdirectorofadmissionsatBrownUniversity.〃ItsconceivableastudentcouldgetaBingymandgetknockeddown40placesinrank.Soweregettingmoreusedtoitandprobablyhalfourapplicantsnowcomefromschoolsthatdonthaverank.〃Classrankingsatraditionatmanyschoolshavelonghelpeduniversitiesandcolleges一especiallytheHarvardsandPrincetonsoftheworld一weedouttheweakstudentsfromthestrongtheoneswithnotonlypromisebuttheambitiontoexcelandmeetthedifficultiesofhighereducation.Butitsviciousatthetop一somuchsothatNapervillesschoolofficialsrecentlyvotedtostopusingaclassrankingsystem.AmuchhighernumberofprivateschoolsdonotsharetheirrankingsincludingsomeindependentschoolsinChicagothatforexamplehavesocietiesthatrecognizethetop10%ofaclassbutchoosetoallowthestudentsthemselvesdictatewhospeaksatgraduation.Competitionsamongstudentsforthetitleofhonoredgraduatesareverytightandareontheriseinagreatnumberofprivateschools.Schoolsjusthavetomakecertainthroughstudentprofilesandothermeansthestrengthofascheduleandstudentperformancerelativetootherstudents.Notsurprisinglythereisstilllotsofdisagreementaboutthenewpolicy;someparentsareworriedthatithurtshigh-achievingstudentschancesofgettingoverthebarwhileforcingcollegesanduniversitiestorelyonperhapsle4243444526PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsEventhoughshewasblindanddeafHelenKellerwasawomanwithanextraordinarysocialvision.46WhenmostwomensrightsactivistswereworkingfortherighttovoteHelenKelleradvocatedactionthatwasmoredirectandmoreimmediatethanthevote.In1911speakinginEnglandwherewomenhadtherighttovoteshesaid:〃0urdemocracyisbutaname.WevoteWhatdoesthatmeanItmeansthatwechoosebetweentwobodiesofrealthoughnotavowedautocrats.Youaskforvotesforwomen.47Whatgoodcanvotesdowhenten-eleventhsofthelandofGreatBritainbelongsto200000menandonlyone-eleventhtotherestofthe40000000Haveyourmenwiththeirmillionsofvotesfreedthemselvesfromthisinjustice”48WhenshebecameactiveandopenlysocialistaNewYorkcitynewspapertheBrooklynEaglewhichhadpreviouslytreatedherasaheroinecriticizedthathermisguidedsocialismhadsomehowdevelopedfromherblindanddeafcondition.SherepliedthatwhenonceshemettheeditoroftheBrooklynEaglehehadcomplimentedherlavishly:ButnowthatIhavecomeoutforsocialismheremindsmeandthepublicthatIamblindanddeafandespeciallyliabletoerror.Sheadded:〃0hridiculousBrooklynEagle!Whatanungallantbirditis!49Sociallyblindanddeafitdefendsanintolerablesystemasystemthatisthecauseofmuchofthephysicalblindnessanddeafnesswhichwearetryingtoprevent.TheEagleandIareatwar.Ihatethesystemwhichitrepresents一Whenitfightsbackletitfightfair...ItisnotfairfightingorgoodargumenttoremindmeandothersthatIcannotseeorhear.Icanread.IcanreadallthesocialistbooksIhavetimeforinEnglishGermanandFrench.IftheeditoroftheBrooklynEagleshouldreadsomeofthemhemightbeawisermanandmakeabetternewspaper.50IfIevercontributetothesocialistmovementthebookIsometimesdreamof;IknowwhatIshallnameit:IndustrialBlindnessandSocialDeafnessX
7.47484950参考答案[~■、UseofEnglish]1〜5CDACB6~10ABCDD11〜20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]l~5BDCBD6~10CDBCD11〜30点击下载查看答案C.aboutD.beyond
3、⑶A.belongB.submityieldcommit
4、⑷A.OnabasisofB.WithregardtoC.InthecourseofD.Forfearof
5、⑸sharplylargelyultimatelyeventually
6、6extinctionexhaustiondestructiondamage
7、7A.disposedB.dispatchedC.transmittedD.departed
8、8A.acrossB.underneathontointo
9、9heavymassivethickdense
10、10A.originateB.deduceinferderiveIK11A.soonerthanB.otherthanC.ratherthanD.betterthan12likesuchasso13livingalivelivelyvital14asidefarapartaway15overwhelmingunmatchableintolerableD.unforeseen16programscheduleagendaprocedure17A.partB.sectorC.branchD.section18durablesustainingsustainablesustained19A.coveringB.rangingC.mountingD.taking20A.ProvidingB.DespiteGivenFor
二、ReadingComprehension1PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsAmongtheclassofnewCEOsatstrugglingEuropeantechnologygiantsnonewillbemoreintriguingtowatchin2022thanDeutscheTelekomsKai-UweRieke.HesharesalmostnothingwithhisflashyandargumentativepredecessorfromSonyRonSommerwhohadalwaysremainedsomethingofanoutsiderinthenotoriouslypoliticalcompany.ThesonofaformerTelekomchiefRiekeisaborninsider.Heinheritshugeproblemsincludingahugedebtloadfromyearsofsplurgingaslow-growthbusinessandahierarchicalcompanyculturedatingfromwhenTelekomwasanarmofthepostofficeamonolithwithmorestaffthantheGermanArmy.ForallSommerstalkabouttheNewEconomyhebuiltontheoldtraditioncontrollingthecompanythroughateamoffearedlieutenants.SommerhiredRiekeawayfromacompetitorin1998torunthefast-growingconglomeratesmobile-phonebusiness.Hesooncametoseehimasapotentialsuccessorandpromotedhimtochiefoperatingofficerin
2022.RiekeisemblematicofthenextgenerationofEuropeantechleaders.Thechallengetheyfaceistofixmistakesmadeduringtheboomyearswithoutdiscardingtheenthusiasmandvisionthataccompaniedthem.SincetakingoverinNovemberRiekehasgottenridofSommer^sgangandputtheheadsofthecompanysfourmainbusinessdivisionsonTelekomsmanagementboard.BylooseningthegripoftheCEOsofficeonacompanywith256000employeeshehopestosetthestageforaculturalrevolutionatTelekom.〃Iwantanewleadershipstyle〃hetoldhistopexecutivesonDec.12duringa10-hoursit-downinthe“fishbowl”aroundglass-linedmeetingroomattheBonnheadquarters.〃IwanttoencourageopenandcontroversialdiscussionbutthenIexpectswiftandspeedydecisions./zRiekedoesn,thavealotoftime.TelekomreportedalossofC
20.6billioninthethirdquarterthelargesteverforaGermancompany.Itsstockpricehasfallen90percentfromitspeakinMarch
2000.OthermoreexperiencedexecutivesturneddownofferstotakethejoboftenbecauseofpoliticalmeddlinginthecompanyofwhichtheGermangovernmentstillownsabout43percent.SomedisillusionedinvestorsseeRiekeaspartoftheproblem.〃HesharesresponsibilityforthemistakesofthepastsoIhavelittlehopethatmuchwillchange〃saysFrankHeiseafundmanageratUnionInvestmentinFrankfurt.RiekeattractsgreatattentionbecauseA.heisthesuccessorofRonSommer.B.heisdifferentfromhispredecessor.C.heisthenewCEOofDeutscheTelekom.D.heisasonofaformerchief.AccordingtothepassageSommerA.inheritedhugeproblems.B.splurgedthecompanyasset.C.triedoutsuccessfulreforms.D.regardedRiekehighlyandhelpedhim.ThepurposeoflooseningthegripoftheCEOofficeistoA.createanewleadershipstyle.B.encourageopenandcontroversialdiscussion.C.bringaboutaculturalrevolutionatTelekom.D.makeswiftandspeedydecisions.。