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考研外语押题预测卷11
一、UseofEnglish1SometimebetweendigestingChristmasdinnerandputtingyourheadbackdowntoworkspareathoughtortwoforthecranberry.Itisofcoursea1ofChristmas:merrybrightredbittersweetlydeliciouswithturkeyandtheverydeviltogetoutofthetablecloth2spilled.Butthecranberryisalsoasymbolofthemodernfoodindustryandinthetaleofits3fromcolonialcuriositytobusiness-schoolcasestudy4adeeperunderstandingoftheopportunitiesand5ofmoderneating.Thefastestgrowingpartoftodayscranberrymarketisforcranberriesthatdonottastelikecranberries.OceanSprays^flavouredfruitpieces”FFPStothetradetastelikeorangecherryraspberryorany6ofotherfruits.Theyareinfactcranberries.WhymakeacranberrytastelikeanorangeMostlybecauseitisa7littlefruit:FFPShaveashelf-lifeoftwoyears.Better8theykeepachewytexture9bakedunlikethefruitswhoseflavourstheymimicwhichturnto10A.tofindoutB.torememberC.towriteD.tospell
6、Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetryartormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.HowcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechildThereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchildbecauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother,sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalikingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybehoweverthatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematicstheywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalabilityitmaybethatwhatisinheritedifanespeciallysensitiveearapeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecuteandparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusicthechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactorsinothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue.SomemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenstudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancyItisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythinginprenataldevelopmentThebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectlyTherearenoconnectionbetweenmother,snervoussystemandherunbornchild,sAmotherwillaffectherunbornbabyif.sheisemotionallyshockedshehasagoodknowledgeofinheritanceC.shetakespartinallkindsofactivitiesD.shestickstostudyingAccordingtothepassageachildmayinherit.A.everythingfromhismotherB.aknowledgeofmathematicsC.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligenceD.hermothersmusicalabilityTfachildinheritssomethingfromhismothersuchasanespeciallysensitiveearapeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorganshewill.A.surelybecomeamusicianmostlybecomeapoetC.possiblybecomeadoctorD.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic
10、Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage.A.RoleofInheritanceB.AnUnbornChildFunctionofInstinctsD.PoetryandMusic11Morethanoneintenpeoplewhoareregularlyexposedtoorganophosphatepesticides(有机磷酸脂农药)willsufferunrecoverablephysicalandmentaldamageateamofpsychiatristswarns.Theinvestigatorssaythattheirsisthefirstseriousattempttoestimatethenumberofpeoplesufferingbecauseofchroniclow-levelexposuretothepesticides.“Thisisaworryinghighlevelofillness“saysoneresearcher.ThefindingsbytheresearcherwhoalsotreatsmanyofthevictimsconflictwiththoseoftheBritain,sgovernmentagencymonitoringoccupationalhealthwhichsaysthereisnogoodevidencetosuggestchronicexposureleadstowidespreadillness.Theresearchteamsentquestionnairesto400farmersselectedatrandomfromaphonebook.Of179whoreplied130reportedthattheyhadbeenexposedtoorganophosphates.And21farmerscomplainedofenoughsymptomstobeclassedassufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning.Allowingforbiasinherentinthesurveymethodtheysuggestthataround10percentoffarmersexposedtothepesticidessufferfrompoisoning.Theresearchersalsouncoveredaconsistentpatternofsymptomsrangingfromextremetirednessandspeechdifficultytosuicidalimpulses.Againthiscontrastswiththegovernmentagency,sviewthatthereisnoclearpatternofsymptomsforpesticidepoisoningmakingadiagnosisdifficult.Theybelievetherealfigureforpoisoningismuchhigheronceyouincludecancersandheartdiseaselinkedtothepesticide.LastyearBritishspecialistsalsofoundevidenceofalinkbetweenorganophosphatesandsevereboneabnormalitiesineightmen.OneoftheresearchersAnthonyLyonsofQueen,sMedicalcentreinNottinghamsayspreliminaryresultsfromalargerfollow-upstudysuggesttheextentofbonedamagemaybeworsethantheyfeared.Allthosewhosufferfromorganophosphatepoisoningcomplainofbecomingexquisitelysensitivetoanyfurtherexposure.ThisisbadnewsforanyGulfWarveteranssentbacktotheMiddleEast.ManyscientistsanddoctorsareconvincedthatGulfWarSyndromeisatleastpartlycausedbyorganophosphatepesticideswhichweresprayedintentsandonclothestoprotecttroopsfrombitinginsects.AspokesmanforBritainsMinistryofDefensesaystherearenoimmediateplanstosendgroundtroopstotheGulf.ButtheUSismoving5000troopsintotheregion.Returningtroops“wouldbemorevulnerabletopoisoning”saysoneoftheleadingUSauthoritiesonsuchpoisoning.InwhichareadothefindingsoftheresearchershaveconflictionwiththoseBritainsHealthandSafetyExecutiveHSEthegovernmentagencymonitoringoccupationalhealth.WhetherexposuretoorganophosphatewilldoanyharmtomanWhetherchronicexposuretoorganophosphatewouldleadtowidespreadillnessWhetheritisworthwhiletofindoutthenumberofpeoplesufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoningWhetherorganophosphateisagoodpesticideAmongthefarmersinvestigatedhowmanyofthemclaimedtobesufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning1791302110%
13、WhichofthefollowingisexcludedinasymptomoforganophosphatepoisoningA.ExhaustionB.SpeechdifficultyImpulsestokilloneselfImpulsetocommitcrimes
14、WhichoftiefollowingillnesseshasbeenprovedtobelinkedwithorganophosphatepoisoningCancerHeartdiseaseBoneabnormalitiesD.Alloftheabove
15、WhatisconsideredtobebadnewsforGulfWarveteransTheywillbemorevulnerabletopoisoningTheywillbeexposedmoretoorganophosphateTheIraqtroopswillusechemicalweaponstopoisonthemTheGulfWarwillstartsoonagain16Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileos17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlack,sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.AsfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattackedantiscienceinseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.DefendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchasTheFlightfromScienceandReason”heldinNewYorkCityin1995and“ScienceintheAgeofMissinformation”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberthosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNewsWorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarmingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.Thetermantisciencecanlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthings7notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.,zThewordschism”Para.1inthecontextprobablymeansconfrontationdissatisfactionseparationcontemptParagraphs2and3arewrittentodiscussthecauseofthedeclineofsciencespowershowtheauthorssympathywithscientistsexplainthewayinwhichsciencedevelopexemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanitiesWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassageA.EnvironmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessayB.PoliticiansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscienceThedynamicthathasbroughtthecranberrytothispointis11tothedynamicbehindmostmass-producedgoods.Growing12providedthe13tocreatecheaperandmorereliablesupply.Cheaperandmorereliablesupply14createdincentivestofindnewmarketswhichincreaseddemand.Thuswasthe15keptchurning.Thecranberryisoneofonlythreefruitsnative16NorthAmericagrowingwildfromMainetoNorthCarolina.TheothersaretheConcordgrapeandtheblueberry.TheAmericanIndianshadseveralnamesforcranberriesmany17thewordsfor“bitterormore18“noisy”.Theyatetheberriesmostly19pemmicanbutalsousedthemfordyeandmedicine.Andtheyintroducedthemtothewhitesettlers-atthefirstThanksgivingdinnerin1621itissaid.Thesettlerspromptlyrenamedthisdelicacythecraneberry”20thepointypinkblossomsofthecranberrylookabitliketheheadoftheSandhillcrane.signtrailC.symbolThe〃moreenlightened〃tendtotagothersasantiscienceD.Taggingenvironmentalistsasantiscienceisjustifiable
19、Theauthorsattitudetowardtheissueofsciencevs.antiscienceisimpartialsubjectiveC.biasedD.puzzlingWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleA.ScienceWillBeatAntiscienceB.TheDangerofAntiscienceC.ScienceIsGoingNowhereD.TheIssueofScienceandAntisciencePartB10pointsInthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA^B、C、D、E^F、Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.10pointsConventionalwisdominthethirtysomethingeradeclaresthattheAmericanmarriageisinserioustrouble:asky-highdivorceratenewstressesandtensionsinthesexwarsandeasyopportunitiesforextramaritaladventures.NotsoaccordingtoanewsurveyconductedbyGallupforPsychologyTodayandtwonationalTVprogramsKingWorld1sInsideEditionandABC,sHOME.AlthoughsomeexpertsquestionitsaccuracythepollindicatesAmericansaresurprisingandhappilymonogamous.
41.ThepolTsfindingswillappearinPsychologyToday,sMarchissuealongwithananalysiswrittenbythemagazineseditorinchiefT.GeorgeHarrisandtheorchestratorofthesurveyFatherAndrewGreeley.
42.ConsideringthewidespreadpublicitygiventomaritalcheatingGreeleyadmitsthatthesurveyresultsweresomethingofasurprise.Peoplemaytalkmorethantheyactuallydo.〃SaysthecelibateRomanCatholicpriestwhoplanstoexpandhisresearchintoabooktentativelycalledFaithfulAttraction.Boastingaboutonessexualachievementisnothingnew.Notmanypeopleboastaboutbeingvirtuous.z,AddsHarris:Thesecretsideofsexisfaithfulness.
43.Fouroffivesaidtheywouldwedthesamepersonagaingiventhechance.Threeoutoffourdescribedtheirspousesasphysicallyattractive.Accordingtothepollthethreekeyfactorsinmakingamarriagehappyarecommunicationcooperationinchildrearingandhouseworkandhavingaromanticimageofone,spartner.Some20%ormoresaidtheyoccasionallyindulgedinsucheroticactivitiesastakingshowerswiththeirspousesmakingloveoutdoorsandwatchingX-ratedvideostogether.BymodeststatisticalmarginsCatholicsappeartobemoresexuallyadventurousthanProtestants.HarrisandGreeleyarguethatthenationmaybeexperiencinganegativebacklashtothesexualrevolution.Theynoteforexamplethat51%ofwomenunder35regrettedhavinghadapremaritalsexualencounterthoughonly16%ofmenfeltthatway.
44.45SaysJuneReinischdirectoroftheKinseyInstituteinBloomingtonInd.:z,Weestimatethatapproximately37%ofmarriedmenand29%ofmarriedwomenhaveatleastoneextramaritalaffair.AsurveyconductedbyLillianRubinasociologistatQueensCollegeinNewYorkCityshowsa40%infidelityrateforspouses.GreeleyandHarrishavetwoexplanationsforthedisparitybetweentheirpollsresultsandtheconventionalwisdom:1mostsexualsurveysareeitherobsoleteorunscientific;2peoplearevictimsofwhattheauthorscallpluralisticignorance.zzTranslation:erroneousbeliefssharedbysomeindividualsaboutotherpeople.EventheenchantedspousesintheP.T.Polldidnotbelievetheircommitmenttofidelitywaswidelyshared.GreeleyaprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofArizonaisprobablybestknownaswhatsomemagazinesmightcallanun-bosomydirty-bookwriter;hispopnovelsTheCardinalSins;St.ValentinesNightregularlymakethebestsellercharts.Communicationseemstobethefirstofallkeyfactorsinmakingamarriagesmoothsincetherearesomepossiblemeansforpeopletodaytoerasemisunderstandings.TherearesomesharpchallengestothepolTsroseateviewofAmericanwedlock.Nearlytwo-thirdsofthepolTs657randomlyselectedrespondentswhowerequeriedbytelephoneshortlybeforeChristmassaidtheywereveryhappyintheirmarriage.Lackofsexeducationforyoungpeopleisalsooneofthereasonsforhighdivorcerate.Thesur
22、42434445PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsWorldTradeOrganizationWTOisaninternationalbodythatpromotesandenforcestheprovisionsoftradelawsandregulations.46TheWorldTradeOrganizationhastheauthoritytoadministerandpolicenewandexistingfreetradeagreementstooverseeworldtradepracticesandtosettletradedisputesamongmemberstates.TheWTOwasestablishedin1994whenthemembersoftheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeGATTatreatyandinternationaltradeorganizationsignedanewtradepact.TheWTOwascreatedtoreplaceGATT.TheWTObeganoperationonJanuary
11995.GATTandtheWTOcoexisteduntilDecember1995whenthemembersofGATTmetforthelasttime.AlthoughtheWTOreplacedGATTthetradeagreementsestablishedbyGATTin1994arepartoftheWTOagreement.HowevertheWTOhasasignificantlybroaderscopethanGATT.GATTregulatedtradeinmerchandise.47TheWTOexpandedtheGATTagreementtoincludetradeinservicessuchasinternationaltelephoneserviceandprotectionsforintellectualproperty一thatiscreativeworksthatcanbeprotectedlegallysuchassoundrecordingsandcomputerprograms.TheWTOisalsoaformallystructuredorganizationwhoserulesarelegallybindingonitsmemberstates.Theorganizationprovidesaframeworkforinternationaltradelaw.48MemberscanrefertradedisputestotheWTOwhereadisputepanelcomposedofWTOofficialsservesasarbitrator.MemberscanappealthispanelsrulingstoaWTOappellatebodywhosedecisionsarefinal.DisputesmustberesolvedwithinthetimelimitssetbyWTOrules.Asof1996almostallofthe123nationsthathadsignedthenewGATTpacthadtransferredmembershiptotheWTOincludingtheUnitedStates.About30othernationshadalsoappliedformembership.49TheWTOisbasedinGenevaSwitzerlandandiscontrolledbyageneralcouncilmadeupofmemberstatesambassadorswhoalsoserveonvarioussubsidiaryandspecialistcommittees.TheministerialconferencewhichmeetseverytwoyearsandappointstheWT0sdirector-generaloverseestheGeneralCouncil.RenatoRuggieroaformerItaliantradeministerbecamethefirstfull-timedirector-generaloftheWTOinMay
1995.50TheagreementsthattheWTOwilladministerareexpectedtoincreaseannualworldtradebyatleast$755billionbytheyear
2022.47484950参考答案[
一、UseofEnglish]15CDADA6〜10BCDAB1广20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]l~5ACCAB610BACDA11〜30点击下载查看答案A.whileB.ifonlyC.longbeforeD.if
3、⑶A.progressB.propositionC.prophetD.proportion
4、4obtainmouldassimilateD.lies
5、5A.dilemmasremedyingredientremains
6、
(6)A.membernumberkindflavor
7、⑺A.deliciousB.dubiousC.durableD.deliberate
8、8offthanitselfstill
9、9whenwhetheralbeitwhereas10mercurymushmusclemess11similarfeasibleinferiorincredible12commandyielddemandquantity13immensityinadequacyimmunityincentive14ateveryturninturntoaturnD.byturns15cyclemiracleC.missionD.carnival16fromtooffD.beyond17qualifyingincorporatingdenotingcoining18intrinsicallymarginallyintuitivelymysteriously19inforbyD.through20althoughonlyifC.becauseD.asthough
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsThere,sonethingaboveallwrongwiththenewBritishpostalcodes:noteveryonehasthatsortofmemory.Someofusofcourseforgetevenh6usenumbersandthepresentpostaldistrictsbutthatmatterslesswhenthereisahumanbeingateverystagetospotthemistake.Whenallthesortingisdoneinoneoperationbyamansittingatamachinetypingspecialmarksontoanenvelopeonesliponyourpartcouldsendyourletterwayoutsidetheareawherethelocalpostmanorafriendlyneighborknowsyourname.OtherwisethenewcodesareallthePostOfficesclaims.Theyarethemostcarefullydesignedintheworldidealforcomputers.Aconfusionoflettersandnumberstheyhavetwopartsseparatedbythegapinthemiddle.Togethertheyclassifyaletternotonlythecitywhereitisgoingbutrightdowntotheroundoftheparticularpostmanwhoistocarryitandeventoagroupofhousesorasinglebigbuilding.Inthelongrunthiswillspeedthemailandcutcosts.Thelongrunis10yearsawaythough.Infactthereareonly12PostOfficesinthecountrywhichhavetherightmachinesfullyworkingandthesystemcannotworkatfullefficiencyuntilitisnationwide.YetthePostOfficewantsustostartusingthecodesnowsothatweshallbetrainedwhenthemachinesareready.ButwillweAbusinessmanImetpraisingthevirtuesofthenewsystemexplainedthatlargecompanieslikehiscouldhavecodesoftheirown.Whatwashiscode〃0hdearme.Nowyouvegotme.Awfullysorry.HoldonaminutewhileIfindasheetofmyheadednotepaper.z,Thenhereadpainfullyasifspellingoutawordinaforeignlanguage,ZW-I-X-6A-BZ,.AccordingtothepassagewhatmattersmostinletterdeliveryinBritainisthatA.thenewpostalcodesmustbememorizedhousenumbersmustnotbeforgottenC.presentpostaldistrictsmustbeborneinmindD.specialmarksonanenvelopemustbeaccurateTheBritishPostOfficepraisesthecodesasA.givinganefficientserviceB.beingnewandimprovedbeingsuitabletobeprocessedbycomputersbeingfreefromconfusionTheBritishcodesaredescribedasbeingA.lettersspacedoutB.numbersinorderC.setsoflettersandnumbersD.lettersandnumbersseparatelyOnlywhencanthepostalcodesystemachieveitsfullefficiency.allthepostofficesinthecountryhavethefightmachinesallthepostofficeshavetrainedstaffmostpostofficeshavetherightmachinesmostpostofficeshavetrainedstaff
5、Thebusinessmanfoundthathispostalcodewasdifficult。