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考研外语考前摸底试卷11
一、UseofEnglish1ItisgenerallyrecognizedintheworldthatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.FordecadesAmericanshaveanxiously1—eachwarthroughanewcommunications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWarItothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulfWar.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdadasuddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomeacentraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections.Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonlinemedia8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialtheyfindthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuadedmillionsto10tocableduringthelastwarinIraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesofmanyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembledanovelcollage拼贝占of14videoaudioreportsphotographybubblesare.complementaryidenticalC.oppositeD.similar
5、TowhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagreeItistimetoillustratesomepopularfallaciesaboutbuyingahome.Somepopularflawedargumentsaboutbuyingahomeshouldbemadeknowntothepublicforthetimebeing.Peopleshouldbepunctualinbusinessdealingsofsharesandhousing.AlanGreenspan,sclaimcanholdwaterwithrespecttofallacymemberthree.
6、Manycountrieshaveatraditionofinvitingforeignerstorulethem.TheEnglishcalledinWilliamofOrangein1688anddependingonyourinterpretationofhistoryWilliamofNormandyin
1066.Bothdidratheragoodjob.ReturningthecomplimentAlbaniaaskedawell-bredEnglishmancalledAubreyHerberttobetheirkinginthe1920s.Herefused-andtheyendedupwithseveralcovescalledZog.Americathecountryofimmigrantshasnotruckwithimportedforeigntalent.Articletwooftheconstitutionsaysthat〃nopersonexceptanatural-borncitizen..shallbeeligibletotheofficeofthepresident”.Thisisnowbeingchallengedbyaparticularlyirresistibleimmigrant:ArnoldSchwarzenegger.BarelyayearhaspassedsincetheerstwhilecyborgswepttovictoryinCalifornia,srecallelectionyetthereisalreadyanAmend-for-Arno1dcampaigncollectingsignaturestolettheAustrian-borngovernorhaveagoattheWhiteHouse.GeorgeBushseniorhasweighedinonhisbehalf.ThereareseveralArnoldamendments^inCongress:oneallowsforeignerswhohavebeennaturalizedcitizensfor20yearstobecomepresident.TheAustrianbecameAmericanin
1983.Itiseasytodismissthehooplaasanotherregrettableexampleofloopycelebritypolitics.Mr.Schwarzeneggerhasmadeadecentstartasgovernorbuthebasdonelittleasyettochangethestructureofhisdysfunctionalstate.IndeedevenifthelawwerechangedhecouldwellbeelbowedasidebyanotherincomerthistimefromCanada:theDemocraticgovernorofMichiganJenniferGranholmwhoappearstohavefewerskeletonsinherclosetthanthehedonisticactor.MoreoverchangingtheAmericanconstitutionisnododdle.Ithashappenedonly17timessince1791whenthefirsttenamendmentswerecodifiedasthebillofrights.Tochangetheconstitutionanamendmenthastobeapprovedbytwo-thirdsofbothhousesofCongressandthentoberatifiedbythree-quartersofthe50states.TheArnoldamendmentishardlyinthesamecategoryasabolishingslaveryorgivingwomenthevote.AndassomewagspointoutAustrianimportshaveaprettydodgyrecordofrunningmilitarysuperpowers.Theauthorofthetextmakesacontrastin.A.Paragraph3andParagraph4B.theopeningparagraphC.Paragraph1andParagraph2D.theconcludingparagraphThephrasehasnotruckwith”Line1Paragraph2mostprobablymeans.A.lacksmeansoftransportationforB.neverdiscriminatehavenovehicletorefusestoconsiderComparedwithJenniferGranholmMr.Schwarzeneggerisatdisadvantagedueto.A.moreembarrassingsecretsB.previousactorbackgroundC.excessivegarmentdecorationD.lessslenderfigureTheword〃cyborg〃Line1Paragraph3mostprobablyrefersto.A.AubgreyHerbertB.GeorgeBushseniorWilliamofOrangeArnoldSchwarzeneggerItcanbeinferredfromtheconcludingparagraphthat.theAmericanconstitutionischangeableandfallsintoaviciouscyclethereisafaintchancethatlegaladjustmentsaremadeforArnoldrunningC.abolishingslaverandgrantingwomenthevotegivenanimpetustoArnoldrunningD.bothhousesofCongressholdwhetherhedeservestowinisanothermatter
11、Apairofdicerolledagainandagainwilleventuallyproducetwosixes.Similarlythevirusthatcausesinfluenzaisconstantlychangingatrandomandonedaywillmutateinawaythatwillenableittoinfectbillionsofpeopleandtokillmillions.Manyexpertsnowbelieveaglobaloutbreakofpandemicfluisoverdueandthatthenextonecouldbeasbadastheonein1918whichkilledsomewherebetween25mand50mpeople.Todayhoweveradvancesinmedicineofferrealhopethatanothersuchoutbreakcanbecontained一ifgovernmentsstartpreparingnow.Newresearchpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatarelativelysmallstockpileofanantiviraldrug-aslittleas3mdoses-couldbeenoughtolimitsharplyaflupandemicifthedrugsweredeployedquicklytopeopleintheareasurroundingtheinitialoutbreak.ThedrugsmanufacturerRocheistalkingtotheWorldHealthOrganisationaboutdonatingsuchastockpile.Thisisgoodnews.ButmuchmoreneedstobedoneespeciallywithanastystrainofavianfluspreadinginAsiawhichcouldmutateintoathreattohumans.SincetheSARSoutbreakin2022afewcountrieshavedevelopedplansinpreparationforsimilarepisodes.Butprogresshasbeenshamefullypatchyandthereisstillfartoolittleinternationalcoordination.AglobalstockpileofdrugsalonewouldnotbemuchusewithoutanadequatesystemofsurveillancetoidentifyearlycasesandawayofdeliveringtreatmentquicklyIfanoutbreakoccurredinaborderregionforexampleaswiftresponsewouldmostlikelydependonprioragreementsbetweendifferentcountriesaboutquarantineandcontainment.ReachingsuchagreementsisrarelyeasybutthatmakesthetaskallthemoreurgentRichcountriestendtobebetterpreparedthanpooronesbutthisshouldbenoconsolationtothem.Fludoesnotrespectborders.Itisineveryone,sinteresttomakesurethatdevelopingcountriesespeciallyinAsiaarealsowellprepared.Manymaybridleatinterferencefromoutside.Butifrichernationswerewillingtodonateanti-viraldrugsandguaranteeasupplyofanyvaccinethatbecomesavailablepoorernationsmightbewillingtoreachagreementsoversurveillanceandpreparedness.Simplysortingoutafewdetailsnowwillhavelivesandrecriminationslater.WilltherebeenoughventilatorsmakesanddrugsWherewillpeoplebetreatedifthehospitalsoverflowWillfoodbedeliveredasnormalToomanycountrieshavenoanswerstothesequestions.Thewordcontained”Line6Paragraph1mostprobablymeansA.checkedB.duplicatedincludedD.forecastAccordingtothetextitisupsettingthat.theflu-catchingismorepervasivetheworldoverB.thecauseofinitialoutbreakhasnotbeenidentifiedglobalco-ordinationisyettowelldeveloppeoplestillhavenoanswersconcerningsurveillanceandcontainmentThespeedofremedydispatchisofimportanceto.A.therecoveryoftheinfectedpatientB.thetreatmentoftheailingsuffererC.thepreventionofaflupandemicD.theefficiencyoflargesupplyofdrugsAccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingsisnotreadilymade.publicationsofnewresearchwithrespecttothesupplyoftheinterferencefromoutsideconstructionofanadequatesystemofsurveillanceofearlyinfluenzacasesC.availabilityofanti-viraldrugsandanyvaccineinunderdevelopednationsD.contractsbetweenvariousnationsconcerningquarantineandcontainmentThebesttitleforthetextcouldbe.TheWorldMustPrepareforPandemicInfluenzaSimilarEpisodesofInitialOutbreakAreAlwaysEvasivetoLaymenTheGovernmentShouldTakeLeadinthePreventionofPandemicInfluenzaTheWorldHealthOrganizationMustAuthorizetheRelevantRescueSystemasIsDiscussedintheText16Companieshaveembarkedonwhatlookslikethebeginningsofare-runofthemergersandacquisitionsMAwavethatdefinedthesecondbubblyhalfofthe1990s.Thatperiodreadersmightrecallwascharacterizedbyacollectivesplurgethatsawthecreationofsomeofthemostindebtedcompaniesinhistorymanyofwhichlaterwentbankruptorwerethemselvesbrokenup.WildbiddingfortelecomsinternetandmediaassetsnottomentionthemadnessthatwasDaimlers$40billionmotoringtakeoverin1998—1999ofChryslerortheTime-Warner/AOLmega-mergerin2000helpedtogivemergersathoroughlybadname.AconsensusemergedthatMAwasagreatwayforinvestmentbankstoreaprichfeesandasurewayforambitiousmanagerstobetrayinvestorsbytrashingthevalueoftheirshares.NowMAisback.ItsreturnisaglobalphenomenonbutitisperhapsmoststrikinginEuropewheresofarthisyeartherehasbeenastreamofdealsworthmorethan$600billionintotalaround40%higherthaninthesameperiodof
2022.ThelatesteffortcamethisweekwhenFrance,sSaint-Gobainabuilding-materialsfirmunveiledthedetailsofits£
3.6billion$
6.5billionhostilebidforBPBaBritishrival.Inthefirsthalfoftheyearcross-borderactivitywasupthreefoldoverthesameperiodlastyear.EvenFranceTelecomwhichwasleftalmostbankruptattheendofthelastmergerwaverecentlyboughtAmenaaSpanishmobileoperator.ShareholdersapprovalofallthesedealsraisesaninterestingquestionforcompanieseverywhereareinvestorsrighttothinkthatthesemergersaremorelikelytosucceedthanearlieronesTherearetwoanswers.Thefirstisthatpastmergersmayhavebeenjudgedtooharshly.ThesecondisthatthepresentrashofEuropeandealsdoeslookmorerationalbut-andthecaveatiscrucial-onlysofar.Thepatternmaynothold.MAspoorreputationstemsnotonlyfromthestringofspectacularfailuresinthe1990sbutalsofromstudiesthatshowedvaluedestructionforacquiringshareholdersin80%ofdeals.Butmorerecentstudiesbyeconomistshaveintroducedanoteofcaution.Investorsshouldlookatthenumberofdealsthatsucceedorfailtypicallymeasuredbytheimpactonthesharepriceratherthanasyoumightthinkweighingthembysize.ForexamplenoonedoubtsthattheDaimler-Chryslermergerdestroyedvalue.ThecombinedmarketvalueofthetwofirmsisstillbelowthatofDaimleralonebeforethedeal.ThissingledealaccountedforhalfofallGermanMAactivitybyvaluein1998and1999andprobablydominatedpeople*sthinkingaboutmergerstothesamedegree.Throwinafewothersuchmonstersanditisnowonderthatbroadstudieshavetendedtofindthatmergersareabadidea.Thetruepictureismorecomplicated.Accordingtothetextacollectiveopiniononthemergersandcollectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsandothernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadandjournaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20theircomputersduringtheearlycombat.A.notifiedB.publicizedC.followedD.pursued
2、⑵meansmediummethodmeasure
3、3A.coverageB.publicationC.conventionD.conveyanceacquisitionsalsoconcentrateson.A.economicrecessionB.valuedestructionC.potentialhazardsD.assetpropositionThepatterninthethirdparagraphmostprobablydenotesA.thestrikingnecessityofEuropeancaveatthecomplicateddocumentscombinedmarketstheglobalphenomenonofthecrazeofwildbiddingformediaassetstheseemingrationalityofthelatestcycleofEuropeanmergersThecaseofDaimler-Chryslerisemployedinthetextas.A.anillustrationofanevaluationcriterionanexplanationofaspectacularfailureadiscussionofamobileoperatoraguaranteeofaharshjudgementTheconclusionreachedbygeneralresearchesisthatmergersarenot.avaluabledemonstrationawiseplananinvisiblepitfailaworstdepravityAccordingtothetexttheauthorwouldagreethat.A.MAspoorreputationdeservesathoroughanalysisbytelecomsandinternetB.thetypicalnoteofcautionisalwaysoverlookedintermsofcontroversialdebatethelatestcycleofEuropeanmergerswillnotproducebetterresultstheunveilingofhostilebidinEuropewillhelprelieveenterprisesoftheirfinancialdilemma21PartB10pointsInthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA^B、C、D、E^F、Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.10pointsAmongthecelebratedpantheonofHollywoodroyaltyfewareaswell-respectedanduniversallyadoredasGregoryPeck.Formorethanfiftyyearshehasbeenamajorpresenceinthetheaterontelevisionandmostimportantlyonthebigscreen.
41.AsGeneralMacArthurMelville,sCaptainAhabandAtticusFinchhehaspresentedaudienceswithcompellingstoriesofstrengthandmasculinity.EldredGregoryPeckwasbornonApril51916inLaJollaCalifornia.Bythetimehewassixhisparentshaddivorced.ForanumberofyearshelivedwithhismaternalgrandmotherbutattheageoftenwassenttoSt.John,sMilitaryAcademyinLosAngeles.Thefouryearshespenttherewereimportantinforminghissenseofpersonaldiscipline.AftertheAcademyhereturnedtolivewithhisfatheralocalpharmacistandtoattendpublichighschool..Therehisabilitieswerealmostimmediatelyrecognized.In1942PeckmadehisdebutonBroadwaywithTheMorningStar.ThoughmanyofhisearlyplaysweredoomedtoshortrunsitseemedclearthatPeckwasdestinedforsomethingbigger.In1944thatsomethingbiggerarrivedintheformofhisfirsttwoHollywoodrolesasVladimirinDaysofGloryandFatherFrancisChisholminTheKeysoftheKingdom..ThisearlysuccessprovidedhimtherareopportunityofworkingwiththebestdirectorsinHollywood.OverthenextthreeyearsheappearedinAlfredHitchcock,sSpellbound1945KingVidor,sDuelintheSun1946andEtiaKazan,sGentlemansAgreement
1947.DespiteconcernsoverpublicacceptanceofthelastoneameditationonAmericananti-SemitismitsurprisedmanybywinninganOscarforBestPictureandanominationforBestActor.ThissuccessseemednotonlyavalidationofPecksabilitiesasanartistbutofhismoralconvictionsaswell..Toughandcaringhewasthequintessentialmid-centuryAmericanman一thegood-lookingromanticleadacrossfromAudreyHepburnaswe11astheruggedWorldWar11bombercommander.Formanytheactorandthecharactersheportrayedwereinseparable;theauthorityofhispassionateyetfirmdemeanorwasattractivetopost-warAmericanswholongedforamorestabletime..WhilecontinuingtoactontelevisionandinHollywoodthroughoutthe19805and19905Peckhasfocusedmuchofhisenergyonspendingtimewithhiswifechildrenandgrandchildren.ForPecklifeasafatherandasapublicfigurehavebeeninseparable;hewassimultaneouslyamajorvoiceagainsttheVietnamwarwhileremainingapatrioticsupporterofhissonwhowasfightingthere.IfyearsofbreathinglifeintocharacterssuchasCaptainKeithMalloryandGeneralMacArthurtaughthimanythingitwasthatlifeduringwartimewasprofoundlycomplex;andrarelybastherebeenatimefreefromwarorstruggle.InhismorethanfiftyfilmsPeckhascontinuallyattemptedtoinvestigatethesecomplexstrugglesandindoingsohascreatedalibraryofstoriesthatshedlightonhumanpossibilityandsocialreality.Thoughanamiableandfun-lovingmanathomePeckssternpresencemadehimoneofthescreensgreatpatriarchs.FormanyPeckisasymboloftheAmericanmanathisbest-apillarofmoralcourageandaconstantdefenderoftraditionalvalues.Duringthe19605and19705PeckcontinuedtochallengehimselfasanactorappearinginthrillerswarfilmswesternsandinhisbestknownfilmToKillAMockingbird
1962.BasedonthebookbyHarperLeeToKillAMockingbird
22、
4223、
4324、
4425、
4526、PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsAhundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientificallyproved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Todayhardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenationeitherbythelawsofnatureorbythoseofsociety.46Theopinionswhichwerecurrentahundredyearsagothatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorancelackofresponsibilityareoutdated.InallWesternindustrializedcountriesasystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistence生活维持费incaseofunemploymentsicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethateveniftheseconditionsarenotpresenteveryonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist维持生活,inotherwordshecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason”.47Iwouldsuggesthoweverthatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftimelet,ssaytwoyearssoastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusesankindofsocialobligation.ThismaysoundlikeafantasticproposalbutsoIthinkourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupportpeoplewouldnotwork.48Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature;actuallyasidefromabnormallylazypeopletherewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimumandwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.49Howeverthesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarveworkwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.50Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees;itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.47484950参考答案[
一、UseofEnglish]广5CBADB6〜10CAACD11〜20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]r5CBACB610CDADB1广30点击下载查看答案A.duringinaswith
5、
(5)A.reportB.demandC.concernD.prospect6^6abilitychanceC.potentialD.power
7、7A.opportunityB.perspectivemessageD.response
8、
(8)A.outletsB.resourcesC.circumstancespositions
9、⑼A.forallthatB.nowthatjustasasif10subjectcontributeapplyD.subscribe11DiscouragedInspiredImpressedEffected12approachusageC.applicationD.access13radicallyplausiblyorderlyhastily14livingalivelivelively15A.destructionB.displaysC.installationD.contest16capitalizingembarkingbroadcastingoperating17accessibledesirableC.feasibleD.available18focusedrestedreckoneddepended19A.continuousB.perpetualC.captiveD.temporary20withatbesidenear
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsIn1929JohnD.Rockefellerdecideditwastimetosellshareswhenevenashoeshineboyofferedhimasharetip.DuringthepastweekTheEconomistseconomicseditorhasbeenadvisedbyataxidriveraplumberandahairdresserthatyoucantgowronginvestinginhousing-themoreyouownthebetter.IsthisasignthatitistimetogetoutAttheveryleastashousepricesaroundtheworldclimbtoeverloftierheightsandmoreandmorepeoplejumpontothebuy-to-letladderitistimetoexposesomeofthefallaciesregularlytrottedoutbysomanyself-appointedhousingexperts.Onecommonerroristhathousepricesmustcontinuetorisebecauseofalimitedsupplyofland.Forinstanceitisarguedthat〃housepriceswillalwaysriseinLondonbecauselotsofpeoplewanttolivehere”.Butthisconfusesthelevelofpriceswiththeirrateofchange.Homepricesareboundtobehigherinbigcitiesbecauseoflandscarcitybutthisdoesnotguaranteethaturbanhousepriceswillkeeprisingindefinitely—justlookatTokyoshugeprice-dropssince
1990.Andthoughitistruethatafixedsupplyofhomesmaypushuphousepricesifthepopulationisrisingthiswouldimplyasteadyriseinpricesnotthe20%annualjumpsofrecentyears.Asecondflawedargumentisthatlowinterestratesmakebuyingahomecheaperandsopushupdemandandprices.Lowerinterestratesmayhaveallowedsomepeoplewhootherwisecouldnothaveaffordedamortgagetobuyahome.Butmanyborrowerswhothinkmortgagesarecheaperaresufferingfrommoneyillusion.Interestratesarenotverylowinrealinflation-adjustedterms.Initialinterestpaymentsmayseemlowinrelationtoincomebutbecauseinflationisalsolowitwillnoterodetherealburdenofdebtasswiftlyasitoncedid.Soinlateryearsmortgagepaymentswillbemuchlargerinrealterms.Toarguethatlownominalinterestratesmakebuyingahomecheaperislikearguingthatacarloanpaidoffoverfouryearsischeaperthanonerepaidovertwoyears.FallacynumberthreeisafavouriteclaimofAlanGreenspanchairmanofAmerica,sFederalReserve.Thisisthatpricebubblesarelesslikelyinhousingthaninthestock-marketbecausehighertransactioncostsdiscouragespeculation.Infactseveralstudieshaveshownthatbothintheoryandinpracticebubblesaremorelikelyinhousingthaninshares.AstudybytheIMFfindsthatasharpriseinhousepricesisfarmorelikelytobefollowedbyabustthanashare-priceboom.Thetermfallacies”Paragraph1mostprobablymeansA.ridiculousstrategiesB.obsoletemethodologiesmistakenbeliefsfar-fetchedassertionsWhatistherelationshipbetweentheopeningparagraphandtherestofthetextThedeadlysinsaresingledoutinthefirstparagraphandthendeniedbytheauthorofthetext.Ageneralizationismadeintheopeningparagraphandelaboratedinthefollowingparagraphs.Theunusualanecdotesarequotedinthefirstparagraphandthenarticulatedinthefollowingparagraphs.Ageneralizationisadvancedintheopeningparagraphandrefutedinthefollowingparagraphs.Theauthorofthetextmakesacomparisonin.A.Paragraph4B.concludingparagraphC.Paragraph2D.openingparagraphTheviewsofAlanGreenspanandtheauthorofthetextonprice。