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考研外语考前摸底试卷4
一、UseofEnglish1AllSumeriancitiesrecognizedanumberofgodsincommonincludingtheskygodthelordofstormsandthemorningandeveningstar.1theSumerianworshippedthegoddessoffertilityloveandwarshewasevidentlylower2statusthanthemalegodsindicatingthatinamoreurbanizedsocietythe3thatthepeoplesofprevioustimeshadpaidtotheearthmothergoddesshad
4.Thegodsseemedhopelesslyviolentand5andoneslifeaperiodofslaveryattheireasywill.TheepicpoemTheCreationemphasizesthat6werecreatedtoenablethegodsto7upworking.Eachcitymoreoverhaditsowngodwhowasconsideredto8thetempleliterallyandwhowasintheorytheownerofallpropertywithinthecity.9thepriestswhointerpretedthewillofthegodandcontrolledthe10oftheeconomicproduceofthecitywerefavored11theirsupernaturalandmaterialfunctions
12.Whenafter3000B.C.growingwarfareamongthecitiesmademilitaryleadership13theheadofthearmywhobecame
4、WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatthedatingagencyA.issupportedbygovernmenttohelpraisebirthrate.B.servesonlyforcertaincircleofwomen.C.isthelasthopeformodernJapanesewomen.D.receivesawarmwelcomefromwesternmen.
5、ThemajorfactorthatleadsJapanesewomentopostponetheirmarriageisA.theinfluenceofwesternvalues.theimprovementofeconomicstatus.thelackofequalopportunitylaws.D.theobsoletenessof〃bestbeforedate”.
6、TeachersgrumbleoverpayeverywherebutinWestVirginiaWesleyanCollegetheangerisacute.Salariesherehavebarelymovedsince2000andtheaverageassistantprofessor^spayhasfallenbelowthatatSouthernWestVirginiaCommunityandTechnicalCollege.Onacampuswithjust86full-timefacultyasociologyprofessorsaidafewhundredthousanddollarsmorespentonteachingcouldmakearealdifference.WesleyanPresidentWilliamHadensaysthecollegeplanstoraisefacultypay.ButhesaysWesleyanisnothingwithoutstudents-theyvotewiththeirfeet〃一andthecollegehasnochoicebuttoaddresstheirwantsandneeds.Hesaystechnologyhasbeenabigpartofthatandsomerecentgraduatesagreethatitsvaluable一thoughmaybenotessential.DanielSimmonsa1999graduateandalsoamiddle-schoolteacherpraisedthetechnologyprogram.〃IfIhadgonetoanotherschoolitwouldnthavebeenavailabletohesaid.〃Itwasveryconvenientanditwastopoftheline”.ButaswiththefacultythequalityofhumaninstructorsisabigconcernamongWesleyanalumni.〃Alittlebitmoremoneyshouldhavebeenputintokeepingpeople”saidEvanKeelinga2022graduatenowpursuingadoctorateattheUniversityofVirginia.HefoundthequalityintheclassroomunevenandnotablyneitherhenortheDanielSimmonscametoWesleyanbecauseoftechnology.Theprogramwasabonusnottheprimarydraw.Skinnerthedirectorofadmissionandfinancialplanningacknowledgedthatseemswidelytrue.Prospectivestudentspaymoreattentiontomoretangiblesignsofgrowth.〃ItdidopensomedoorsforusbutwouldIhavelikedtohavehadanewresidencehallorrecreationalfacilityIprobablywouldhavepreferredthat”Skinnersaid.Hisdailystruggleremainsfillingthefreshmanclasswhichmaybedown50peopleormorethisyearduetochangesingovernmentfinancialaidprogramsandtheshutteringofthenursingprogram.Thecollegestillacceptsabout80percentofitsapplicantsandnolongerrequiresonlineapplications.Hadenacknowledgesthatwiththebenefitofhindsighthemighthavehandleddetailsofhowtheprogramwasfinanceddifferently.ButhemakesnoapologiesfortakingboldstepswhichhesayshaveindeedsetWesleyanapart.〃Weneededtomakeastatementaboutourcommitmenttotechnologyandourbeliefthatitwouldenhancethequalityofeducationandthepreparationofourstudents7hesaid.〃AndImstillbelievingthat”.FacultiesinWesleyanhavelowersalariesmainlybecausethecollegeinveststoomuchinthetechnologyprogram.spendsagreatdealinachievingtangiblegrowth.failstoattractenoughstudentstofillitsclassrooms.cannotgetenoughgovernmentfinancialaid.Bytheyvotewiththeirfeet〃Paragraph2theauthormeansthatthestudentsA.voteintheirpresidentontheirownpart.play-adecisiveroleinelectingtheirpresident.maynotenrollinWesleyanforthediscontentwiththecollege.mayrefusetopaythetuitionfortheirunmeetabledemands.ThequotationofSkinnerswordsLines7一8Paragraph3isusedtoshowthatWesleyanneedstoimproveitsagingschoolfacilities.thetechnologyprogramisnotsoattractivetothestudents.foresightedstudentsconcernmoreaboutobviousgrowth.D.SkinnerpreferstoexcellentfacilitiesinWesleyan.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueItistheteachersneedsratherthanthestudentsthatreallycountinWesleyan.Thetechnologyprogramprovidesscholarshipforhighabilityfreshmen.C.ThecancelofthenursingprogramhindersWesleyanfromrecruitingstudents.OnlineapplicationsarestillrequiredifstudentswanttoenterWesleyan.WhatisHadensattitudetowardsthetechnologyprogramA.Confident.Proud.Regretful.Doubtful.11SearchengineGooglewasaimingtofloatonWallStreetthisweekvaluedatupto$36billion.ButtheInternetcompanysadvisersaremeetingthisweekendtodiscusspossiblydelayingthepubliclistingafterasharpfallinsharepricesinNewYorkonFriday.Aninsidersaidlastnight:‘Thefloatisteeteringonthebrink一itreallyis50/50atthisstagealthoughmanyofusareoptimistic^.TheinitialpublicofferingIPOofsharesinGooglewhichcouldraisenearly$4bnwillamounttooneofthebiggestIPOsforyears.ButmanyUSfirmshaveshelvedtheirIPOsamidvolatilemarketconditionsandinvestorsappearunwillingtosubscribetonewequity.AWallStreetanalystsaidthattheGoogleIPOz/wouldbeaseminaleventfortheAmericanstockmarket〃asitsrealsignificancewasthatitwouldtestwhetherornottherecoveryinequitypricessincetheendoftheIraqwarhadtakenhold.〃Ifthisfloatworksalotofothercompanieswillbeencouragedandcometothemarketlaterintheyear”theinsideradded.ButitwillbebadnewsiftheIPOispulledorthesharesfallsharplyafterthecompanyislisted.IfthathappensitcouldkillofftheIPOmarketinAmericaandelsewhereforatleast12months”.SeveralfundmanagershavealreadyexpressedreservationsaboutGoogleinparticularitshighvaluationandthecomplexwaythesharesarebeingsold.MoreovertheGoogleflotationistakingplaceatatimewhentechnologycompaniesintheUShavebeenshunned.OnThursdaytheIPOhitatechnicalhitchoverthefailureofthecompanytomeetitslegalobligationsconcerningitsemployees5stockoptionplans.ButthecompanydidnotthinkthatthedisclosurewouldmeanadelaytotheIPOwhichisdueonTuesday.AtthetopofthesuggestedpricerangeGooglewouldbevaluednotfarshortofitsrivalInternetfirmYahoo!一andthishasraisedeyebrowswithintheindustry.TheauctionisbeingconductedovertheInternetandpotentialbuyerswillhavetoregisterbysigningontoaGooglewebsite.Butonlyinvestorswhohavebrokerageaccountswithoneofthe28USbanksandbrokersunderwritingthestocksalewillbeabletoapply.Googlesufferedasetbacklastmonthafteritre-portedanunexpectedslowdowninitshugegrowthrate.ButsourcesclosetoGooglesfoundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinsaidthatthetailing-offofgrowthwasduetoseasonalfactorsandwouldnotaffecttheIPO.Accordingtoparagraph1theinsider5sattitudetowardsGoogleIPOcanbesaidtobedoubtful.confused.pessimistic.confident.IfGiggleIPOworksA.arecoveryinequitypriceswillend.theIPOmarketwillbepropelledbyit.manyU.S.firmswillpurchasenewequity.asustainedeconomicgrowthwilltakeplace.AccordingtothepassageGooglesIPOistosharemarketrecoveryasphysicalexaminationistohealthconditions.GDPistoeconomicdevelopment.C.diligenceistoremarkablesuccess.D.civilizationistosocialprosperity.ThefundmanagershaddoubtsaboutGooglebecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTA.itshighsharevaluation.B.theunfavorabletiming.itsmethodofshareselling.thecomedownofitsgrowthrate.
15、Bythephrase〃raisedeyebrowswithintheindustry”Paragraph2wecanlearnthatGooglehasirritateditsrivals.B.surpriseditscounterpartsC.beenpraisedbyitscounterparts.D.beenresentedbyitsrivals.
16、TheentertainmentindustryandtechnologycompanieshavebeenwarringforyearsoverthedazzlingabilityofcomputersandtheInternettocopyandtransmitmusicandmovies.AcrucialbattleendedthisweekwitharulingbyAmericasSupremeCourtinfavourofcopyrightholderandagainsttwocompaniesthatdistributepeer-to-peerP2Psoftwarewhichletsuserssharefilesonlinewithothers.Thecourtsdecisionthoughostensiblyavictoryforcontentprovidersisneverthelessunlikelytostampoutfilesharing一muchofwhichwillcontinuefromoutsideAmerica——orstopthetechnologicalinnovationthatisthreateningthecurrentbusinessmodelsofmediafirms.ThecourtwasaskedtodecidewhethertwofirmsGroksterandStreamCastwereliableforcopyrightinfringementbytheircustomers.Twolowercourtshadsaidthatthefirmswerenotliablecitinga1984rulinginfavourofSonysBetamaxvideorecorder.Thisheldthatatechnologyfirmisimmunefromliabilitysolongasthedeviceconcernedisz/capableofsubstantialnoninfringinguses”.Thecourtdidnotreinterpretthe1984decisioninlightoftheInternet.Insteadthejusticesruledthatthecaseraisedafarnarrowerissue:whetherGroksterandStreamCastinduceduserstoviolatecopyrightsandchosenottotakethesimplestepsavailabletopreventit.SuchbehaviourwouldmakethefirmsclearlyliableforcopyrightinfringementandendtheirimmunityevenundertheBetamaxstandard.Thecourtreasonedthatthereweresufficientgroundstobelievethatinducementoccurredandsentthecasebacktolowercourtsfortrial.AlthoughtheGroksterdecisionwillprobablynotsquelchinnovationasmuchasmanytechfirmsfearitshouldcertainlymakeITandelectronicsfirmsmorecautiousabouthowtheymarkettheirproducts一andquiterighttoo.ButtheSupremeCourtsnarrowrulingmakesthisunlikely一indeedthejusticesnotedthetechnology^swidespreadlegitimateuse.Yettheirdecisionwillsurelyemboldentheentertainmentindustrytopursueincourtanyfirmsthattheycanclaimknowinglyallowinfringement.Thiscouldkilloffsomesmallinnovativestart-ups.Ontheotherhandtherulingcouldalsoprovidelegalcoverfortechfirmswiththewittoplastertheirproductswithwarningsnottoviolatethelaw.Butjudgedfromalong-termperspectivethisweeksvictoryforcopyrightholdersseemslikelytoproveaPyrrhicone.TheInternetandfilesharingaredisruptivetechnologiesthatgiveconsumersvastlymoreabilitytouseallsortsofmediacontentcopyrightedornot.Surelyentertainmentfirmsmustdevisewaystousethistechnologytoselltheirwaresthatwillalsoallowcopyrighttobeprotected.Solongastechnologycontinuestoevolveinwaysthatenablelegitimatecontentsharingpiracywillalsoprobablycontinuetosomedegree.Happilyinthiscasethepiracyseemstohavepromptedcontentfir-rugtocompetebyofferingbetterfee-basedservices.Thechallengeforcontentprovidersistousenewtechnologytocreatevalueforcustomersandtomakekingassumedan14positionbetweenthegodwhoseagenthewasandthepriestlyclasswhomhehadbothtouseandto
15.Thuskingandpriestsrepresentedtheupperclassinahierarchicalsociety.16themwerethescribesthesecularattendantsofthetemplewho17everyaspectofthecityseconomiclifeandwhodevelopedaroughjudicialsystem.18thetempleofficialssocietywasdividedamonganeliteor19groupoflargelandownersandmilitaryleaders;amixedgroupofmerchantsartisansandcraftsmenfreepeasantswho20themajorityofthepopulation;andslaves.A.UnlessAsLestAlthough
2、⑵oninwithabout
3、3A.worshipthosewhousecontentillegallyfeelbadaboutit.TherulingofAmericasSupremeCourtA.indeedhitthepiracyindustryhard.B.haslittleimpactoncontentsharing.C.maypreventtechfirmsfrominnovating.D.canleadtoaflourishofentertainmentindustry.TheGroksterdecisionwasbasedontheevidencethatGroksterA.distributedP2Psoftwareillegally.alloweduserssharingwithoutpermission.C.violatedthecopyrightofentertainmentfirms.D.tookadvantageofBetamaxstandard.Theword〃Pyrrhic”Para.5canbesubstitutedbyA.undeservingB.unacceptable.C.pointless.D.unreasonable.InthelastparagraphtheauthorsuggestedthatA.piracytosomeextentbeadvocated.B.contentproviderspromotetechinnovation.C.allentertainmentfirmsprotectthecopyright.D.betterfee-basedservicesbeofferedtocombatpiracy.ThebesttitleforthepassagemightbeA.CopyrighttoBeProtectedUrgently.B.ThePro-copyrightholderVerdictaTrueVictoryC.PiracyoutofControl.D.TechFirmsHowFartoGoPartB10pointsThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.10pointsA.Inourtimewomenhaveanaveragelifespanofalmost80years;doubleofwhatitwasinthelastcentury.Motherhoodcanbepostponedandintheorymarriagecanbepostponed.WomenintheUSAarestudyingmorethanmenandtheymaybecomemainbreadwinnerinthenearfuture.B.Manywomengothroughlifethinkingconsciouslyorunconsciouslythatamanwillsolvealltheirproblems〃0ncewearemarriedeverythingwillbe0K〃.Thisattitudeonlysetusupforfailure.Menarenotprincesreadytotakeanychallengetorescuetheprincessestheyarehumanbeingswiththeirownneedsandfears.C.CarriewaswonderinginherbedroomaboutthecommentthatherfriendNewYorksocialiteCharlotteYorkmadeWomenwanttoberescued”.Carriewonders〃IsthattrueIsthattheonlythingwomenwantRescuedbywhomIftheprincedidnotkissSnowWhitewouldshehavebeenfrozenforeverorwouldshehavewokenupanywayandmovedon〃SnowWhiteprobablyhadnootherchancebutwedo.D.Nowonderoursocietyhaschanged.OntheotherhandourvalueshavenotchangedfastenoughandmanywomenmoresoHispanicwomenarejustwaitingtoberescuedbytheprince.Thesewomenhavenotrealizedtheynolongerneedtoberescued;theyneedamanforotherreasonsnottotakecareofthem.E.Womeninoursocietyhavesomanyoptionsthatwedonotneedanybodyelsetorescueus;wearetheonlyonesthatcanrescueourselves.IfyouhaveareasOfyourlifethatyouwanttoimprovegoahead;doitforyouandforyouonlyoracceptyourselfasyouare.Donotbesonaivethatyouthinksomeoneelsecantakecareofallyourproblems.Lifedoesnotworklikethat.Livelifetothefullestbehappywithwhoyouareandyouwillseethatifyouarehappywithyourselfyouwillmakeothershappyincludingyourman.Oursocietyhaschangedinaremarkablewayinthelast50yearsorso.Andtherearemanyreasonsforit.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturywomenslifespanwasabout40years.There-forelifeneededtostartearlierifawomanweregoingtoliveforonly40years;motherhoodwasapriority.Menusedtoworkandwomenstayedathomeandtookcareofthemandtheirkids.Womencouldnotsurvivewithoutaman;womenneededtoberescued.Womenarecaregivers.Wearestrongandsmartandwehavetheabilitytotakecareofourselves;wedonotneedtoberescuedbyanyone.Whenwearegivingourpowertoothersinexchangeforsecuritywearealsogivingupourfreedom.AreyouwaitingtoberescuedDoyoueverthinklikethatOrder:CisthefirstparagraphandGisthelast.4243444526PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsManfirstappearedonearthhalfamillionyearsago.Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadseveralbigadvantagesovertheanimals.Hehadalargebrainhehadanuprightbodyhehadcleverhands;andhehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentinanimalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhisfellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowedmentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasinglepersoncouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speechalsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthestockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.Itwasthesespecialadvantagesthatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestruggleforexistence.Theycanusetheirintelligenceagainsttheirdifficultiesandmasterthem.Sincethesefar-offtimeswhenhefirstappearedmanhasachievedagreatdeal.Hehasusedanimalssteamelectricityandoiltomovehimselfmoreandmorequicklyfromplacetoplace.Hehasovercomeriversandseaswithraftscanoesboatsandshipsofendlessvariety.47Hemastereddark-nesstoofirstwithdimlightsandlaterwithbrighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlingalightwithanare-lampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnakedeyes.48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweakfortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyformsofpower一windwatersteamelectricity一untilnowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclearpowerwhichtiestogetherthesmallestunitsfromwhichallmatterismade.Frommansearliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonderanddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.Atlasthelearnthowtomakethefightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Nowhecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceandaseriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbeforemantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhatitisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandnodownward.Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethedifficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates50Fortunatelyinspiteofhavingnothickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarlystrongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefaroutsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest.Manhowevercangoalmosteverywhere.Youwillfindhimlivingontheplainsandupinthehills;helivesindampareasandindry;intheforestsofthehotregionsoftheearthandinsnowhutsintheFarNorth.47484950参考答案【
一、UseofEnglish]1〜5DBBCA6〜10DCAACl「20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]1〜5BCBBB6〜10ACBCA11〜30点击下载查看答案reverenceadmirationgratitude
4、4vanishedB.recoveredC.declinedD.attained
5、⑸A.unpredictableunforgivableunlimitedunlikely
6、6A.creaturesB.animalsmenmortals
7、⑺useturngivehack
8、8inhabitliveresidelodge
9、9HenceThereafterSomehowIncidentally10A.introductionB.transactionC.distributionD.provision11asforunderoF12A.alongB.anywayC.afterwardsD.alike13A.additionalvitalsingularD.exceptional14A.alternativeB.secondaryC.intermediateD.fundamental15A.pacifyB.temptC.suppressD.manipulate16A.BesideB.BeyondC.BelowD.Before17A.supervisedheldmanagedD.presided18AroundUnderAboveOutside19leadingnobleC.controllingD.principal20consistcomposecompileconsume
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsTheJapanesegovernmentwantswomenlikeTaekoMizuguchitogetmarriedandstartdoingsomethingaboutthenationsplungingbirthrate.Butshesnotinterested.AtleastnotifherprospectivehusbandisJapanese.AgrowingnumberofJapanesewomenaregivingupontheirmalecounterpartsandtakingagamblethatlookingabroadforlovewillbringthemthequalitiesinapartnerthatseemrareathome.Theytreatyoulikeequalsandtheydonthesitatetoexpressmutualfeelingsofrespect一IthinkWesternmenaremoreadeptatsuchthingsthanJapanesemen〃,saysthe36-year—oldMs.Miznguchiwhoworksatatoptradingfirm.“Theydontactlikewomenaremaids一Ithinktheyviewwomenasindividuals”.UnderscoringthatJapanesewomenarelosinghopewiththelocalboysdatingagenciestohelpsnagaWesternhusbandhavesprungupinTokyosomewithbranchesintheUSandEurope.Suchcompaniesrigorouslyvettheirclientsscreeningforeducationfamilybackgroundoccupationandlifegoals.Thekindofwomenwhosignupforsuchservicesincludedoctorslawyersandotherprofessionals一womenwhohavedelayedmarriagetoconcentrateoncareersandwhoarentkeentogiveuphardwongainstobecomeahousewifeasmanyJapanesemenexpect.Agenerationofwomenwhoarenowenteringtheir30sdontwanttogiveupsinglelifeunlessprospectivepartnersarewillingtobreakfromtraditionalgenderroles.Governmentpollsconductedtofindoutwhywomenhaveputoffmarriageuntilwellafter25yearsofage一knownasawomans“bestbeforedate”—showthateconomicindependenceiskeytothechange.AsmostJapanesewomenhavetheirownincomemarriageisnolongerafinancialnecessityandwomenwanttofindcompanionshipinahusband.Havingruledoutanold-fashionedJapanesehusbandmanywomenherethinkthesolutionisaWesternman.Indeedsomeseemsoenthralledwiththeideathattheyarewillingtospendthousandsofdollarstoinspectthewarespersonally.TobefairnotalltheblameforfemaleangstherecanbelaidonJapanesemen.ThegovernmenthasbeenslowtoenforceequalopportunitylawsandbothpayandtheglassceilinginmostJapanesecorporationsremainlowforwomen.Recessionhashamperedlongermaternityleaveandotherfamily-friendlypolicies.AsJapansfertilityratedropstonewlowsthegovernmentisanxiouslydrawingupplanstomakeiteasierforyoungcouplestoraisechildrenthroughsuchmeasuresastheprovisionofcheappublichousing.TaekoMizuguchirepresentsthekindofwomenwhoareA.unwillingtorearchildren.B.discontentedwiththetraditionalidea.C.eagertomarryawesternmanforromance.D.enthusiasticonlyincareerpursuing.InJapanesewomen5sopiniontheirmalecounterpartsA.axeinlackofsentiments.B.donottreatthemaswomen.C.areswayedbyorthodoxconceptions.D.dontknowhowtoexpressthemselves.By〃glassceiling...remainlowforwomen”theauthorintendstoshowthatinmostcorporationsmoreconveniencesareprovidedforfemales.femaleshavelittlechanceforpromotion.womenworkinpoorofficeconditions.womenarealwaysthevictimsofrecession.。