还剩27页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
考研外语提分试卷5
一、UseofEnglish
1、Thekeypositionandroleofwomenintheprocessofdevelopmentisincreasinglybeingrecognized.1thethreegreatWorldConferencesofWomenweremoreconcerned2recognizingandcompilingapproachesto3wecancurrentlyconfirmageneralsharpeningofawareness.IthasbecomeclearthattheThirdWorldCulturesinearliertimesstronglymatriarchalhavebeenweakened4thisrespectbythemethodsofcolonialeducationwhicharealmost5directedtowardsthemale.Ofthemanycriticismsofthissituationletonevoicebeheard:^Developmenteducationgroupsandprogrammesareverymuch6andlackwomansperspective
7.Sotoothehopesplacedinvocationaltraining一vocationalizationz/一asanaidtoequalityhavebeendisappointedsincethisinitsturnwastolargeextentfocusedonthemale.Inthesecircumstancesweshouldnotbesurprisedthatuntilnowwomenhave7atleastintheeducationalprocesseswhichhavebeenintroduced.Only20%attendprimaryschoolandthebi-nationaljointcommissionhasdoneitsroutinejob.theBoundaryWaterTreatyof1909hasbecomeout-of-date.thehugedrainageschemesaretoblameforlandrun-offs.theeconomicchangehascontributedtoenvironmentalimprovement.WhichofthefollowingshowsthatwaterqualityhasimprovedA.Fishandbirdsshowresiduesofheavymetal.B.Torontohasgrownsalmonsuccessfullyinitswaters.Farminghasprosperedinthelakesideareas.Lakewaterhasbeendrawnforusebythepopulation.WhichofthefollowingcausesconcernsofthepublicandthescientistsFishfarming.Urbanpopulation.C.Decreasedrainfall.D.Morelandslide.WhatistheauthorsattitudetotheprospectofthelakesenvironmentA.Optimistic.B.Worried.Indifferent.Unclear.Oneoftheleastmentionedeffectsofchangerelatestohowitaffectsthemanagerleadingthatchangeandhisorherabilitytoundertaketheleadershiprole.Wehavealreadytalkedabouttheeffectsofchangeontheindividualemployeeandofcoursemanagersaresubjecttothesamereactionsresistancesandstrains.Sometypesofchangesuchasrestructuringordownsizingcanputconsiderablestrainontheleadersofanorganization.Oneprimaryconcernregardingchangeisthestressitimposesonthoseundergoingthechange.Managersbecausetheyhaveobligationstotheirstaffnotonlyhavetodealwithchangeasemployeesbutalsoneedtocarrysomeoftheconcernsoftheirstaffs.Inthecaseofdownsizingthestresslevelscanbeextremelyhighbecausethemanagerischargedwithconveyingveryupsettinginformation.Stressispartofthejobbutintimesofchangeitiscriticalthatyourecognizethatitmaycauseyoutoactinwaysthatarelesseffectivethanusual.Aswithanythingconnectedwithchangethemajorconcernisnotshorttermbutlongterm.Ifyourstresslevelsresultinmarkedlossofeffectivenesstheriskisthataviciouscyclewillbesetupwhereineffectiveleadershipresultsincreatingmorelongtermproblemswhichincreasesyourstresswhichreducesyoureffectivenessevenmore.Acommonresponsetounpleasantchangeistoignorethesituation.Avoidancecantakemanyforms.Mostcommonlytheavoidingmanagerplaysonlyaminimalroleinmovingtheorganizationthroughtheswamp.Afterannouncingthechangeanddoingtheminimumrequiredthemanagerhides〃fromthechangethroughdelegationorattendingtootherwork.Thistacticinvolvestreatingthingsasbusinessasusual”.Theoutcomesofthistacticcanbedevastating.Byavoidingsituationsthemanagerabdicatesanyleadershiprolewhenstaffneedsitmostduringandaftersignificantchange.Inadditiontheavoidanceresultsinthemanagerbecomingoutoftouchwiththepeopleandrealitiesoftheorganization.Whileavoidanceservesaneedforthemanagerintheshortrunitdestroysthemanagerscredibilityandresultsinpoordecisions.Thelongtermconsequenceofsuchactionisthattheorganizationtendstodeteriorateintermsofmoraleeffectivenessandproductivity.Sometimesthisdeteriorationwork.employees.WhichofthefollowingistrueconcerningstressonmanagersA.Stressonlyaffectsmanagersintimesofchange.Stresswillalwaysleadtothesettingupofaviciouscycle.C.Highlevelofstressmayresultinlesseffectiveperformance.D.Highlevelofstressoccurasmanagersadjusttochanges.Somemanagerstreatthingsas〃businessasusualwhentheycandealwiththechangeswithgreateaseandskills.theywanttokeepthecompanygoingwithoutbreakingdown.C.theybegintotakechangesinthecompanyforgranted.theyseektopretendnothingischangingmuchintentionally.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatavoidingchangesproduceshort-termbenefittothebusinessbutlongtermlosstoit.B.thosemanagerswhooftenlosetouchwiththerealitiesofthecompanytendtoavoidchanges.denyingmanagerscanleadthecompanybetterthanavoidingmanagersintimesofchange.managersthatdenytheconsequencesofchangestendtocarelessabouttheemotionalstateofemployees.ThebesttitleforthetextmightbeManagersandStress.NegativeEffectsofChangeonManagers.ManagersandOrganizationalchanges.HowtoDealwithCorporateChanges.
11、Latelysocialscientistshavebeguntoaskifcultureisfoundjustinhumansorifsomeanimalshaveculturetoo.Whenwespeakofculturewemeanawayoflifeagroupofpeoplehaveincommon.Cultureincludesthebeliefsandattitudeswelearn.Itisthepatternsofbehaviorthathelppeopletolivetogether.Itisalsothepatternsofbehaviorthatmakeonegroupofpeopledifferentfromanothergroup.Ourcultureletsusmakeupforhavinglostourstrengthclawslongteethandotherdefenses.Insteadweusetoolscooperatewithoneanotherandcommunicateinlanguage.Buttheseaspectsofhumanbehaviororculture”canalsobefoundinthelivesofcertainanimals.Weusedtothinkthattheabilitytousetoolswasthedividinglinebetweenhumanbeingsandotheranimals.Latelyhoweverwehavefoundthatthisisnotthecase.Chimpanzeescannotonlyusetoolsbutactuallymaketoolsthemselves.Thisisamajorstepupfromsimplypickingupahandyobjectandusingit.Forexamplechimpshavebeenseenstrippingtheleavesandtwigsoffabranchthenputtingitintoatermitenest.Whenthetermitesbiteatthestickthechimpremovesitandeatsthemofftheend一notunlikeouruseofafork!Forsometimewethoughtthatalthoughhumanbeingslearnedtheircultureanimalscouldntbetaughtsuchbehavior.Oreveniftheycouldlearntheywouldnotteachoneanotherinthewaypeopledo.Thistoohasproventobeuntrue.AgroupofJapanesemonkeyswasstudiedattheKyotoUniversityMonkeyCentreinJapan.Theyweregivensweetpotatoesbyscientistswhowantedtoattractthemtotheshoreofanisland.Onedayayoungfemalebegantowashhersweetpotatotogetridofthesand.Thispracticesoonspreadthroughoutthegroup.Itbecamelearnedbehaviornotfromhumansbutfromothermonkeys.Nowalmostallmonkeyswhohavenotcomeintocontactwiththisgroupdonot.Thuswehaveaculturaldifferenceamonganimals.Wehaveruledouttooluseandinventionaswaysoftellinganimalbehaviorfromhumanbehavior.Wehavealsoruledoutlearningandsharingofbehavior.Yetwestillhaveheldoutthelastfeature一language.Buteventheuseoflanguagecannolongerseparatehumanculturefromanimalculture.Attemptstoteachapestospeakhavefailed.Howeverthisisbecauseapesdonothavethepropervocalorgans.Butteachingthemlanguagehasbeenverysuccessfulifwearewillingtoacceptanotherformsratherthanjustthespokenword.TwopsychologiststrainedachimpanzeenamedWashoetouseStandardAmericanSignLanguage.Thisisthesamelanguageusedbydeafpeople.Inthislanguage〃talk〃ismadethroughgesturesandnotbyspellingoutwordswithindividualletters.BythetimeshewasfiveyearsoldWashoehadavocabularyof130signs.Alsoshecouldputthemtogetherinnewwaysthathadnotbeentaughtheroriginally.Thismeansshecouldcreatelanguageandnotjustcopyit.Shecreatesherownsentencesthathaverealmeaning.Thishasallowedtwo-waytalk.Itpermitsmorethanone-waycommandandresponse.Ofcoursetherearelimitstothecultureofanimals.Asfarasweknownoapehasformedsocialinstitutionssuchasreligionlaworeconomics.Alsosomechimpsmaybeabletolearnsignlanguage;butthisformoflanguageislimitedinitsabilitytocommunicateabstractideas.Yetwithaspokenlanguagewecancommunicateourentireculturetoanyoneelsewhoknowsthatlanguage.Perhapsthemostimportantthingwehavelearnedfromstudiesofotheranimalsisthatthelinedividingusfromthemisnotasclearasweusedtothink.ThetextmainlytellsusaboutA.thehistoryofanimallearning.B.thedifferencebetweenanimalscultureandthatofhumanbeings.C.thevariousaspectsofanimalsculture.D.thedivdinglinebetweenanimalsandhumanbeings.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothetextByculturetheauthormeanssomethingthatpeoplehaveincommoninrelationtotheirideasartortheirwayoflife.B.Allanimalsarefoundtohavethesamecultureashumanbeings.Theabilitytousetoolsusedtoserveasadividinglinebetweenhumanbeingsandanimals.Manythingsthatanimalsusedtobeconsideredunabletodoarenowprovedpossible.WhichofthefollowingexamplestellsusthattheanimalsalsohaveakindofculturedifferenceA.ThestudyofagroupofmonkeysinJapan.B.ThestudyofaChimpanzeenamedWashoe.C.Thestudyofchimpsusingtools.D.Thestudyoftermitesbehavior.
14、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtopara.5Animalsdonthavetheintelligencethatmanhas.Animalscanhardlyexpresswhattheywant.Animalscanonlyusesignlanguagefortheircommunication.Animalscannotspeakthesamewayasmandoes.
15、Itisimpliedinthetextthatsomeanimalsmayalsohavethesameabilitytouselanguageashumanbeings.humanbeingsunlikemanyotheranimalsnolongerhavesuchfeaturesasgreatstrenghtclawslongteethandotherdefenses.thereseemstobenearlynodifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandotheranimals.monkeysandchimpsseemtohavemoreincommonwithhumanbeingsthananyotheranimals.
16、ThecollapseofEnronthelargestbankruptcyinAmericanhistoryhasrungoutabanneryearforAmericanbusinessfailures.InEuropethefalloutfromtheSwissairandSabenainsolvenciescontinues.Inthecurrentglobalslumpmorecompaniesarelikelytogounder.Nowisaperfecttimetoreconsiderhowtohandlesuchfailuresletthemsinkorgivethe8ofthosewholeaveearlyishighest9girls.Becauseofthelackofbasictrainingonlyaround10%takepartinAdultEducationprogrammes.Henceitisvitallyimportantto10aturning-pointbyincreasingthe11oftheneed12education.HenceevenPrimaryEducationforgirlsshouldbe13towardsthebasicneedsandnecessitiesandprovideanswerswhichareassimpleaspossible.Inruraldistrictssuchanswerswillbedifferentfromthose14inurbanareas.Theeducationofgirlsandwomenmusttoalargedegreebeaneducationforthelifetheywillleadtailored15awomanJsposition.InsayingthisweareinfactdemandingthattheeducationofwomenlikealleducationalworkintheThirdWorldshouldbean16partofthecommunity.17therearemanypartnersinthisprocessschoolfamilysmallbusinessesgovernmentalandnon-governmentalorganizations.Theeducationalskill18keepingthisinterplayactiveinsuchawaythatthereisnodeficiencyinmaterialcontent.Animportantconsequenceofthisisthe19ofthedesiretoquestionwhichontheonehandpressesforfurthereducationandontheotherforits20application.A.AlthoughthemachancetoswimInAmericabankruptcyhascometomeanasecondchanceforbustbusinesses.ThefamousChapter11〃lawaimstogiveacompanytimetogetbackonitsfeetbyshieldingitfromdebtpaymentsandproddingbankstonegotiatewiththeirdebtor.Itevenallowsaninsolventcompanytoreceivefreshfinanceafteritgoesbust.OntheothersideoftheAtlanticwhencompaniesstumblealmostasmucheffortisspentinfingeringtheguiltyasintryingtosalvageaviablebusiness.BritishandFrenchlawsforexamplecanmakeafailingcompanysdirectorsfacecriminalpenaltiesandpersonalliability.Moreoverbankershavethepoweratthefirstsignoftroubletopushacompanyintothearmsofthereceivers.Somemodestchangesareafoothowever.BritainisconsideringmovesthatwouldbringitsrulesclosertoAmericas.NewlawsinGermanyshouldalsomakeiteasiertorevivesickcompaniesalthoughtradeunionsstillhavetheirsay.ButevenwiththearrivaloftheeuroandmovestowardsasinglefinancialmarketgoingbustinEuropeisastrictlylocalaffair.LongbeforeAmericahadasinglecurrencytheAmericanconstitutionprovideduniformbankruptcylawsobservesElizabethWarrenoftheHarvardLawSchool.EuropespatchworkofnationallawsaccordingtoBillBrandtofDevelopmentSpecialistsaconsultancyinhibitslendingandmakesitdifficulttofixailingfirms.TransatlanticinsolvenciesareevenharderasaBelgian-basedsoftwarecompanyLernoutandHauspiediscoveredthisyear.ItsAmericanreorganizationplanwasthwartedbyaBelgianjudgewhoorderedasaleofthefirmsassets.AstheEuropeanUnioninchestowardgreaterharmonizationshouldittrytomimicAmericaCriticsofChapter11thinknot.TheyarguethatAmericasbankruptcysystemiswastefulletsfailedmanagersgounpunishedandgivessomecompaniesanunfairadvantage.InChapter11admittedlylawyersandadvisersgobbleupfeesbutarecentstudyarguesthatthefeesarenolargerthanthoseformostmergersandacquisitions.OnecommoncomplaintthatmanagersenjoythehighlifewhilecreditorsgobeggingfailstostanduptothedatafromAmericaspreviouswaveofbankruptciesintheearly1990s.StuartGilsonoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsoftopmanagerswereoustedwithintwoyearsofabankruptcyfiling.MoretroublingisthatsomeAmericanfirmsseemtoenjoysecondandthirdtripstobankruptcycourtcheekilytermedChapters22and
33.SomeseethisasevidencethattoooftentheyuseChapter11tokeeprunning.Butthereismoretothestory.ThecaseofEnronbankruptcytriggersgrand-scaleeconomicrecessioninAmerica.affectstheSwissairandSabenainEurope.marksthemostdramaticeconomicsituationinAmerica.D.getsmorecompaniesintotroublearoundtheworld.AstohowtotreatthebustbusinessesAmericadiffersfromtheEuropeancountriesinthatA.Americanlawsforbidbankstograntloanstothefailingbusinesses.B.Americanlawsallowsthebustcompaniestodelaydebtpayments.C.Europeancountriesneverletthebustcompaniesgounpunished.D.itsmoredifficultforasickcompanytoreviveinEuropethaninAmerica.Fromthethirdparagraphweknowforsurethatthearrivaloftheeurosmoothesthewaytorecoveryforthebustbusinesses.inAmericatheadoptionofasinglecurrencymadeuniformbankruptcylawspossible.theresnouniformbankruptcylawsinEuropeancountries.inEuropeancountriesbankruptcylawsarenotenactedeffectively.Theword〃thwartedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningtofrustrated.B.accomplished.settled.convicted.Thelastparagraphismainlytoaccusethelawyersandadvisersofmakingbigmoneybyhelpingthoseinsolventcompanies.tointroducethechangesofthebankruptcylaw一Chapter
11.toprovetheaccusationisgroundlessthatthemanagersofbustbusinessesleadacomfortablelifeatthecostofcreditors.toarguethattheEuropeanUnionshouldnotfollowtheAmericanexampleintheirefforttorevivesickcompanies.21PartB10pointsYouaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalistofexamplesorheadings.ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedposition41-
45.Theremaybecertainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.10pointsYouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutTheSecretofAmericanCollegesandUniversitiesSuccess.EducationforthemassesThekeytosuccessThecharacterofAmericassystemofhighereducation.PromotingdiversityCompetitionbreedssuccessInvestinginthefutureFormorethantwocenturiesAmericascollegesanduniversitieshavebeenthebackboneofthecountrysprogress.Theyhaveeducatedthetechnicalmanagerialandprofessionalworkforceandprovidedgenerationaftergenerationofnationalleaders.TheirunparalleledcapacityforresearchhasputtheUnitedStatesatthecuttingedgeofscienceandofscholarshipinthehumanitiesandsocialsciences.Withoutthisvastnetworkofuniversitiesthenationwouldneverhaveachieveditscurrentpreeminence..ThedecentralizationdiversityacademicfreedomandsharedgovernancethathaveevolvedoverthepasttwocenturieshavemadeAmericassystemofhighereducationoneofthemostaccessibleanddemocraticintheworld.TodayeducatorsfromaroundtheglobeareturningtoU.S.institutionsofhigherlearningforinspiration.TheyareapttofindmanyreasonsfortheexcellenceofAmericanuniversitiesincludingAmericastraditionofphilanthropybutfourhistoricactsstandoutaswatersheds:.In1862CongressenactedtheLand-GrantCollegeActalsoknownastheMorrillActafterthecongressmanwhoproposeditwhichessentiallyextendedtheopportunityofhighereducationtoallAmericans一includingsuchdisenfranchisedgroupsaswomenandminorities.Eachstatewaspermittedtoselllargetractsoffederallandandusetheproceedstoendowatleastonepubliccollege..OvertheyearsthedecentralizationanddiversityofAmericascollegesanduniversitieshavepromotedcompetitionforstudentsandresources.CompetitivepressurefirstaroseduringtheCivilWarwhenPresidentAbrahamLincolncreatedtheNationalAcademyofSciencestoadviseCongresson〃anysubjectofscienceorart.〃Theacademy5simpactreallygrewafterWorldWarIIwhenalandmarkreportcommissionedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltarguedthatitwasthefederalgovernmentsresponsibilitytoprovideadequatefundsforbasicresearch一andthatthenationsuniversitieswerebynaturebestsuitedtotakethelead.Thisturnedouttobeabrilliantpolicy.Insteadofbeingcentralizedingovernmentlaboratories-d-asinotherpartsoftheworld一scientificresearchbecamedecentralizedinAmericanuniversitiesandgeneratedincreasinginvestment.Italsogavegraduatestudentsresearchopportunitiesandhelpedspreadscientificdiscoveriesfarandwidetothebenefitofindustrymedicineandsocietyasawhole..TheendofWorldWarIIsawpassageoftheServicemensReadjustmentActof1944betterknownastheGIBillofRights.Thelawwhichprovidedforcollegeorvocationaleducationforreturningveteransmadeanalreadydemocratichigher-educationsystemaccessibleinwaysthatwereinconceivableinEuropeopeningthedoorsofthebestuniversitiestomenandwomenwhohadneverdreamedofgoingtocollege..Thecreationoffederalloanguaranteesandsubsidyprogramsaswellasoutrightgrantsforcollegestudentsbroughtmuch-neededdiversitytohighereducationandfurtherhelpedtodemocratizeaccess.Sinceitsfoundingin1965theFederalFamilyEducationLoanProgramhasfundedmorethan74mil
22、
4223、
4324、
4425、4526PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10pointsMaintainingclassroomdisciplineisagrowingproblemformanyschools.46Somechildrenseemincapableoffollowingtherulesperhapsbecausetheyfeeltheyareunreasonableorunclear.TherecanbenosuchexcuseatBebingtonHighSchoolontheWirral.WhenchildrenmisbehaveatBebingtontheteacherimmediatelywritestheirnamesontheclassroomboard.Theyknowtheyareintroubleandtheyknowwhatthepenaltyislikelytobe.Theirclassmatesknowtoothatthechoicetobreaktheruleswastheirown.47TheeffectclaimtheproponentsofthisAmericansystemofdisciplinehasbeentoimprovebehaviourallowingmoretimetobespentonteaching.Assertivediscipline〃wasintroducedintoBebingtonlastSeptemberandMargaretHodsonascienceteachersaystheresultsare〃littleshortofamiracle”.SincetheprogramwasintroducedintoEnglandtwoyearsago450schools80percentofthemprimaryhaveadoptedthescheme.Whethertheprogramspreadsmorewidelydependstosomeextentonthegovernmentsattitude.48AdrianSmithofBehaviourManagementtheBristol一basedcompanymarketingtheschemeinBrianwillthisweekmeetEricForththeJuniorSchoolsMinistertotellhimofthebenefitsachievedbyschoolsusingtheprogram.Bebingtona1000-pupilll-to-18secondarymodernschoolwasalwaysconsideredgoodforaschoolofitstypebutstaffclaimthatstandardsofbehaviourincreaseddramaticallylasttermwithanimprovementintheworkrateofthechildrenandlessstressontheteachers.49Thebasisoftheprogrammewhichcostsschools$22adayforeachpersontrainedisthatallchildrenhavearighttochoosehowtheybehavebuttheymustfacetheconsequencesofthatchoice.Asetofstraightforwardrulesisdisplayedonawallineachclassroomtogetherwithasetofrewardsandconsequences.50TherulesatBebingtonare:arriveontimetolessonsandentertheroomquietly;remaininyourseatunlessaskedtomove;cometolessonsproperlyequipped;listentoandfollowinstructionsthefirsttimetheyaregiven;raiseyourhandbeforeansweringorspeaking;andtreatothertheirworkandequipmentwithrespect.47484950参考答案【
一、UseofEnglish]「5AADAC6〜10CDADAl「20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]l~5DDBCA6~10ACDDB11〜30点击下载查看答案ForNeverthelessBecause
2、⑵withofuponover
3、⑶A.salvageB.revolutionlibertyliberation
4、⑷inofuponwith
5、⑸speciallydistinctivelyexclusivelyD.respectively
6、6males-dominatingfemale-dominatingmale-dominatingfemales-dominating
7、⑺A.pooledB.joinedtakenparticipated
8、8percentagenumberfractionpart
9、9inbetweenofamong
10、10A.securestrikesavehit
11、IDacknowledgementawarenessaffirmationagreement12forofinwith13aimedtargeteddirectedmanipulated14offeredB.providedtoldgiven15fortowithat16A.syntheticB.combinedC.integratedD.comprehensive17SubsequentlyConsequentlyAccordinglyD.Reversely18consistsofB.accountsforC.consistsinD.leadsto
19、19A.wakingawakeningrisingarising
20、20A.practicalB.usefulC.materialD.artificial
二、ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsManyoftheworldsbiglakesarethreatenedbypollutionorhugedrainageschemes.Butthereisleastonefairlybrightspot.TheGreatLakesandSt.LawrenceRiversystembetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateswhichtogetheraccountforafifthoftheworldsnon-polarfreshwateraremuchhealthierthantheywere.CantheystaythatwayThoughLakeMichiganiswhollytheUnitedStatesallfivelakesaregovernedbytheBoundaryWatersTreatyof1909implementedbyanindependentbi-nationaljointcommission.In1978bothcountriesagreedtotrytocleanupthewaterinthelakesseveralofwhichwereheavilypolluted.Theyhavedonesothoughinfacttheimprovementowesasmuchtoeconomicchangeastogovernmentaction.SteelandotherheavyindustryhavegivenwaytocleanerindustriesandservicesbothinOntarioandinAmericanlakesidestates.Theresult:testsonfishandbirdsshowresiduesofheavymetalshavedeclinedthoughdangerouslevelsofmercuryarestillfoundwhileinpasttenyearstheriversnearTorontohavebeensuccessfullystockedwithsalmon.Therearestillworries.Oneproblemisfarming.Thisusesmuchlakewater929%ofthetotalthatiswithdrawnfromirrigationwhilealsopollutingthelakesandriversystems.ThehugequantitiesofmanurespreadonfarmsinOntarioandQuebecalsocausespollutionbyrunningoffthelandintostreamsriversandthenlakes.Somescientistsalsoworrythatwaterlevelswillfallpermanently.ClimatechangeislikelytocutrainfallintheGreatLakesbasinwhileevermorewaterwillbedrawnfromthelakesbyarisingurbanpopulation.Generalconsumptioninthebasinwillincreaseby25%inthenext25yearsaccordingtoaforecastbyaconsultanttothecommission.Otherthreatsincludesome140exoticspeciesofflorafishandshellfishthathavefoundtheirwayintothelakessomeviashipsballast.ThezebramusselfromEasternEuropeisthemostnotoriousandprobablymostdamagingtotheenvironment.Itconsumesalotofoxygenthoughitalsohelpstocleanthewater.LastlythereisthehazardousprospectofdecommissioningOntariostwodozenageingnuclearreactorswhichlinetheshoresofLakeOntarioandLakeHuron.Fortunatelythelonghistoryofsuccessfulcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesandamongthelocalgovernmentssuggestthesethreatscanbemanaged.Bothgovernmentshaveapprovedthecommissionsplantosetupinternationalwatershedboardsacrossthecontinent.Thesearetotakea“holisticapproachtoecosystems.MaybetheZebramusselandthefarmrun-offshavemettheirmatch.FromthetextweknowthattheGreatLakesA.areequallylocatedbetweenCanadaandtheU.S.B.containasmallpartoftheworldsfreshwater.C.aregovernedneitherbyCanadanorbytheU.S.D.enjoyfresherwaternowthan25yearsago.Inthefirsttwoparagraphstheauthorsuggests。